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Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities in Depression
Sadykov, Evgenii ; Hosák, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dudová, Iva (referee) ; Končelíková, Dana (referee)
Retinal microvascular abnormalities in depression Depressive disorder is a debilitating and most common mental disorder. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 280 million people worldwide suffered from depression in 2019. Studies seeking to identify biomarkers for depressive disorder diagnosis and treatment have not yet found any one candidate which achieves a sufficient sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the study was to find a possible association between retinal microvascular abnormality and major depression in a non-geriatric study population. The participants with major depression were hospitalised at the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Psychiatry. Retinal images were obtained using a stationary Fundus camera FF450 by Zeiss and a hand-held camera by oDocs. Fifty patients (men N = 18, women N = 32) aged 16 to 55 (men's average age 33.7±9.9 years, women's average age 37.9±11.5 years) were compared with fifty mentally healthy subjects (men N = 28, women N = 22) aged 18 to 61 (men's average age 35.3±9.2 years, women's average age 36.6±10.6 years) in a cross- sectional design. The patients were diagnosed with a single depressive episode (N = 26) or a recurrent depressive disorder (N = 24) according to the ICD-10 classification. Our results confirmed...
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Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency
Štěpánek, Matěj ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
1 Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency Abstract The subject of this thesis is a description of the institute of the state of emergency and its impact on specific fundamental human rights and freedoms defined in Section 5 of Act No. 240/2000 Coll. on Crisis Management (Crisis Act). The first chapter compares the state of emergency with the state of war, state of national emergency, state of danger and state of pandemic emergency. It also includes a discussion of the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Pandemic Act and concludes with a historical perspective on states of emergency. The second chapter discusses each case of state of emergency - the 2002 floods, the 2006 floods, Hurricane Kyrill 2007, the 2013 floods, the covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine. For specific states of emergency, the reason for their declaration and a list of the fundamental rights that have been restricted are described. The third chapter describes the instruments that interfere with fundamental rights and freedoms, of which the most space is devoted to government crisis measures, including a discussion of their substantive nature and the related judicial review. The subsection on emergency measures of the Ministry of Health elaborates on the principle of reservation of the law enshrined in...
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Forensic Odorology
Kosová, Lenka ; Dvořák, Marek (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
Forensic odorology Abstract The topic of this thesis is forensic odorology. Attention is paid mainly to the method of olfactory identification, which uses the olfactory abilities of service dogs. This method allows to achieve individual identification of a person and therefore it is currently the only method of odour identification used by law enforcement authorities in criminal investigations and is also recognised as a means of evidence in criminal proceedings. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the method of odour identification, both from a criminalistic and criminal law perspective. The thesis has two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to describe, analyse and critically evaluate the procedures used in the securing of scent traces, in the taking of an odour sample of a person and in the comparison. The second sub-objective is an analysis of the legal regulation of the method of odour identification as a means of evidence in criminal proceedings, a critical evaluation of this legal regulation and also an analysis of the court case law concerning the method of odour identification. The research methods used in this thesis are mainly description and analysis. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the concept of forensic odorology, its classification within...
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Prostitution from a criminal law perspective
Stašáková, Anežka ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Prostitution from a criminal law perspective Abstract In view of the existing jurisprudence, prostitution can be understood not only as sexual intercourse with other persons for remuneration in the form of coitus, but also as all other forms of exhibition of the sexual drive of another person of the same or opposite sex by physical intercourse. However, when defining prostitution, it is necessary to take into consideration the element of voluntariness, i.e. whether prostitution is provided voluntarily or involuntarily. The aim of the rigorous thesis was to describe both of these forms, i.e. both the issue of voluntary prostitution and the issue of involuntary prostitution. The differentiation of prostitution according to the element of voluntariness can also be observed at the level of international legislation, which tends to focus on forced prostitution. The same is the case at the legal level, where the current approach to prostitution in the Czech Republic can be described as abolitionist, i.e. prostitution as such is not punished, but only the accompanying phenomena or prohibited forms of prostitution. In this context, the rigorous thesis analyses the offence of prostitution endangering the moral development of children according to Section 190 of the Criminal Code, the offence of pimping according to...
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Reversible interactions of pyrazines and photoluminescent dihydropyrazines
Coufal, Radek
This thesis deals with two independent topics. The first is focused on the study of reversible covalent interactions of a carbonyl group with alcohols and water forming hemiacetals (respectively hydrate) derived from pyrazine trifluormethylketone. The main research method in this part is the NMR spectroscopy and experimental results are also supported by quantum chemical calculations. The second topic aims to the preparation and the study of photochemical properties of three dihydropyrazines which exhibit fluorescence both in solution and solid phase. The fluorescence can be influenced by means of complexation by various metal ions. Prepared dihydropyrazines also show interesting values of the Stokes shift. The structure of these new compounds was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Analysis of the molecular pathways and interactome of FUBP3
Brychta, David ; Jirkovský, Eduard (advisor) ; Karahoda, Rona (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: David Brychta Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Eduard Jirkovský, PharmD, PhD.; Assist. Prof. Nika M. Lovšin, M.Chem., PhD Title of Diploma Thesis: Analysis of the molecular pathways and interactome of FUBP3 The far upstream element-binding protein 3 (FUBP3) has been recognized by genome-wide association studies to be associated with a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture. The knowledge about this protein and its role in bone biology is quite limited, though. Therefore, we aimed to broaden the horizons and created an overview of FUBP3 protein-protein interactors and possible pathway involvement. The interacting proteins were gathered across multiple databases. Their association with osteoporosis (OP) and bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using an online tool - OpenTargets Platform. Twelve hits associated with either were then used for qPCR analysis to investigate the influence of FUBP3 knockout. Among FUBP3 interactors were also proteins of cytosolic membraneless organelles - stress granules (SG). Stress conditions were induced and co-localization of SG markers PABPC1 and G3BP1 was carried out using immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy. We were able to identify 75 protein interactors...
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Effect of POC Coagulopathy Management on Blood Coagulation and PGD in Lung Transplant Patients
Vajter, Jaromír ; Durila, Miroslav (advisor) ; Burša, Filip (referee) ; Szárszoi, Ondrej (referee)
Effect of Point-of-Care Management of Coagulopathy on Blood Clot Strength and Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients Abstract in English: Introduction: The key factors negatively affecting the function of the graft during lung transplantation are bleeding, administration of transfusion products, and ischemic/reperfusion injury. Given that all these attributes represent a significant risk for the primary graft dysfunction development. It is desirable to have a sophisticated anesthesiological approach available that will reduce blood loss and consumption of transfusion products, thereby reducing the incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Methodology: This prospective, randomized study evaluated 67 patients from January 2018 to June 2020. We compared the outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation who were treated using a point-of-care (POC) approach aimed at targeted diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy, combined with volumotherapy using 5% albumin, against traditional management based on clinical experience in the non-POC group. Results: In the POC group, there was a significant reduction in perioperative blood loss and the need for blood derivatives. Concurrently, we noted an improvement in lung graft function, reflected by higher Horowitz Index values. There was also an...
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Overlaps of regulons of stress sigma factors of RNA polymerase in corynebacteria and rhodococci
Blumenstein, Jan ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Jarmila (referee) ; Ulrych, Aleš (referee)
Bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium are biotechnologically important microorganisms. This dissertation thesis focuses on the role of sigma (σ) factors of RNA polymerase in the regulation of gene expression in these bacteria. The C. glutamicum genome harbors 7 genes encoding σ factors, namely σA , σB , σC , σD , σE , σH and σM . With the exception of σM , these factors and their functions have been well described. The R. erythropolis genome encodes 21 putative genes for σ factors, but none of them has been analyzed in detail. The same holds for another biotechnologically useful bacterium, R. opacus. A group of genes whose expression is mediated by a single σ factor is called σ regulon. Overlaps of σ regulons are mainly caused by overlaps of recognition specificity of σ factors, i.e. when two or more σ factors recognize the same promoter. This thesis is focused on σ factors of group 4 (ECF) and their regulons: σD , σE , σH (C. glutamicum, R. erythropolis, R. opacus) and σM (C. glutamicum). We used RNA-sequencing, in vivo, in vitro and in silico methods (homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations) to achieve the intended aims. The overlap of σD and σH regulons was demonstrated in the natural hybrid promoter Pcg0441. Using the combination of in vivo and in silico methods,...
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The legitimacy of instruments to equalise women's representation in politics
Plachetková, Klára ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The legitimacy of instruments to equalise women's representation in politics Abstract The thesis deals with the justification of instruments for equal representation of women in politics. It is based on the fact, that the representation of women in political decision-making in the Czech Republic is consistently low and that gender equality would be achieved in decades through natural development. Considering the instruments introduced abroad, it examines the legitimacy of gender candidate quotas and the criteria for such justification. The first part of the thesis examines the constitutional principle of equality and its articulation, introduces the concepts of formal and substantive equality and equality of opportunity and outcome, and shows how the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic perceives this principle. The second part of the thesis deals with discrimination, i.e. violation of the principle of equal treatment. It introduces the issue of suspect classification, the Constitutional Court's perception of accessory and non-accessory equality and also introduces the concepts of direct and indirect discrimination. The main theme of the second part of this chapter is then the suspect classification of sex, where the thesis explains the difference between sex and gender, which are key concepts related...
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Crimes against pregnancy of a woman
Konečná, Eliška ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Beranová, Andrea (referee)
79 Crimes against a woman's pregnancy Abstract The topic of this doctoral thesis is crimes against a woman's pregnancy. The first chapter of this thesis contains a historical excursion of the legislation in question in the territory of today's Czech Republic with an emphasis on the development of the issue in the 20th century, due to the analysis of the influence of previous legislation on the current legislative concept. In the second chapter, the thesis deals with the definition of pregnancy and the timeline from the point of view of criminal law, as, among other things, the question of the duration of pregnancy plays a fundamental role for the correct legal qualification of illegal abortion. The chapter also deals with the issue of the limit of fetal viability in legal regulation. The third chapter maps the current legislation on legal abortion. Some of the constituent elements of the crimes in question directly refer to the law on artificial abortion, and a detailed analysis of the legal abortion is thus necessary for a comprehensive assessment of criminal law. In addition to the procedure envisaged by the law when performing abortion, the chapter also contains an analysis of the legality of abortion performed in the Czech Republic for citizens of other EU member states. In the following chapter, the...
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