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Norwegian state as an important owner
Lukeš, Jan ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
The topic of my final thesis is the development of the political debate about state ownership in Norway associated with extraction and export of oil and natural gas. Norway is the only fully democratic state with such an extensive state ownership of mineral wealth. My thesis is conceived descriptively and I gradually write about the historical political events in Norway before the extraction of oil and natural gas, then I focus on the beginnings of extraction and the important political steps associated with it and I describe the subsequent development. I narrate where there is created a consensus in the public and political debate and where there is not. I compare different opinions on state property policy, the motives that led to such a policy, and the advantages and disadvantages for citizens and the market. Norway is completely unique in the world with such a model.
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The Conservative Dimension of the Chinese Confucian Political Tradition in the Light of Western Conservatism
Zheng, Yinmingwei ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
This thesis examines the conservative aspects of the Chinese political tradition rooted in Confucianism and compares it to modern Western conservatism. It concludes that despite arising from very different historical and cultural contexts, Confucian conservatism and Western conservatism share three fundamental principles by emphasizing hierarchical and social order (based on social hierarchical morality), formalism (implying respect for strict political ritual and traditional institutions), and empiricism (respect for the facts and reality, accumulation of wisdom grounded in the past experiences). The importance of identifying these common traits of the Chinese and Western conservatism goes well beyond the scholarly interest in intellectual history of humanity, because the West experiences a considerable conservative revival, while traditional Chinese conservatism continues to exercise a profound impact on the politics, culture and social norms of the Chinese society today, therefore one might argue that conservative principles might provide a conceptual bridge for political dialogue between Chinese and the West. Key Words: Confucianism; Conservatism; Order; Hierarchy; Formalism; Empiricism
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Gender Inequality in China Today
Deng, Zhaohui ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
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Ethical and Political Implications of Thomas Piketty's Work on Economic Inequality
Miledova, Linda ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
French Economist Thomas Piketty, through a study of history and empirical data from different cultures and generations, argues that economic inequality, today, is not a natural outcome of the free market but has deeper roots. Piketty, indeed, asserts, through his extensive analysis of political systems and ideologies, that the trajectory of income inequality depends heavily on the power exercised by the state and other politically-motivated groups that aim to execute their personal agendas at the cost of the rest of society, namely, middle and lower classes. A historical and comparative analysis between various nations and how they justified inequalities in their governments shows that these gaps are politically driven. The results of a colonial eras and the wars are pure proof that inequalities are intentional and certain groups make sure that some countries and classes suffer from poverty for further control and power. Piketty claims that this status quo has become unsustainable and that global legislative changes ought to be implemented to reduce the gap between the rich minorities and lower classes. The French author proposes a progressive wealth tax that would impose higher taxes on wealthier individuals with capitals and assets. The revenues from these taxes will be used to better public...
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Climate Migration to the Global Gateway
Gupta, Smriti ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Tesař, Jakub (referee)
The complexities of climate migration compels us to focus on the potential significant impact it has on the future. Historically speaking, the ice age presented difficulties for the humans to sustain a living but in due course, gradual increase in temperature resulted in better adaptation. Unfortunately, certain elements like that of the growing rate in population, industrialisation and severe rise in temperatures resulted in the danger of budding hot zones and glacier melts. The repercussions of which were visible in many cities in the form of rise in sea levels leaving certain cities submerged under water. Human habitation seems to have suffered a direct hit with the upsurge in greenhouse gasses emission and the resultant rising temperature. Climate change can be expressed as an eminent global phenomenon with its constant reminder through natural disasters taking place worldwide and supported campaigns promoting prevention. Not much has been discussed about resultant migration conflicts. Unfortunately the countries hit worst with forced migration are the ones already dealing with scarcity of resources, poverty, lower ability to evolve with recent economic and technological developments, unable to sustain independently. Literature on climate induced migration reports an association between...
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Oligarchy as a Political Regime in Aristotle and in Contemporary Politics
Novozhilov, Veniamin Igorevich ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The author of this thesis will analyze the idea of oligarchy and how it changed throughout the years, starting from the times of Aristotle, one of the first political philosophers who dedicated his time and research the topic, to contemporary definition of oligarchy as it is viewed by modern political thinkers. This thesis will also look at whether the country of the Russian Federation would fall under the category of an oligarchy, this is relevant as this country has been labeled with the term oligarchy more than others in contemporary society.
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Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism
Wedekind, Peter ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Fiorctos, Karl Orfeo (referee) ; Simon, Stephen A. (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Peter Wedekind Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism Dissertation Thesis Abstract - English Prague 2022 Abstract In this thesis I defend the claim that classical liberalism has the capacity to justify meritocratic state policies that promote greater equality of opportunity. Correspondingly, I adopt an approach uncommon among scholars following the tradition of classical liberalism, given that I conclude with a position that is more frequently associated with the postulates of social welfare egalitarians, such as publicly funded higher education. This strategy serves as a reply to contemporary critiques of liberal democracies and implies that liberalism is endowed with the tools to address the flaws its own (neoliberal) manifestation has brought about. Skyrocketing socio-economic inequalities as well as the marketization trend which, among other things, crowds-out the traditional values of higher education and corrupts a public institution crucial for social mobility into a privilege of plutocratic elites, are just two examples. To support this argument, I discuss several consecutive claims:...
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