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Valency frames of Czech nouns: corpus-driven study
Čermáková, Anna ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee) ; Kopřivová, Marie (referee)
This thesis aims at providing a lexicological framework for systematic description of valency of Czech nouns. Valency is seen here as a lexicological property of words. Valency is an abstract relation with concrete textual realizations and the term "valency" is used here for both: the abstract notion and the concrete valency exponents and realisations. The analysis is corpus-driven and as such it is based on a rather loose notion of valency, devoid of any pre-conceived ideas, concentrating on typical structural patterns of occurrence on the right side of the noun under investigation. For the analysis the corpus SYN2000, a part of the Czech National Corpus has been used. The analysis is based on random selections of concordance lines of randomly chosen 99 nouns from the middle frequency range. In some cases, where the data proved insufficient, we have carried out additional specialized corpus queries. For high frequency nouns we assume highly differentiated valency profiles; to confirm this hypothesis we have carried out additional brief analysis of several high frequency nouns. The most frequent valency of Czech nouns is genitive complementation, which we find as occurring with more than 90% of the analysed nouns. For some of the nouns, the genitive valency is a very dominant valency pattern (in some cases...
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Negative language transfer students for English-speaking Czech as a foreign language. Applied contrastive linguistic study on the material selected Czech and English verbs with the meaning of interpersonal communication
Daněk, Jan ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee) ; Kolářová, Ivana (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na problematiku negativního jazykového transferu anglicky mluvicích studentů češtiny jako ciziho jazyka. Na materiálu deseti českých sloves s významem interpersonálni komunikace, totiž říci (si), říkat (si), říkávat (si), mluvit, hovořit, povědět, povídat (si), oznámit, informovat a konstatovat, ukazuje, jaký obraz jazykového jednáni je typický pro rodilé mluvči češtiny. V porovnáni s převzatou analýzou anglických lexémů speak, talk, say a tell stanovuje shody a rozdily obrazu jazykového jednáni v češtině a v angličtině a predikuje oblasti negativního jazykového transferu u anglicky mluvicich studentů češtiny jako ciziho jazyka. Tuto predikci následně ověřuje pomoci výzkumné sondy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Words that matter. Towards a Swedish-Czech colligational lexicon of basic verbs
Cinková, Silvie ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Malmgren, Sven-Göran (referee) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee)
Basic verbs, i.e. very common verbs that typically denote physical movements, locations, states or actions, undergo various semantic shifts and acquire different secondary uses. In extreme cases, the distribution of secondary uses grows so general that they are regarded as auxiliary verbs (go and to be going to), phase verbs (turn, grow), etc. ese uses are usually well-documented by grammars and language textbooks, and so are idiomatic expressions (phraseologisms) in dictionaries. ere is, however, a grey area in between, which is extremely difficult to learn for non-native speakers. is consists of secondary uses with limited collocability, in particular light verb constructions, and secondary meanings that only get activated under particular morphosyntactic conditions. e basic-verb secondary uses and constructions are usually semantically transparent, such that they do not pose understanding problems, but they are generally unpredictable and language-specific, such that they easily become an issue in non-native text production. In this thesis, Swedish basic verbs are approached from the contrastive point of view of an advanced Czech learner of Swedish. A selection of Swedish constructions with basic verbs is explored. e observations result in a proposal for the structure of a machine-readable Swedish-Czech...
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The structure of coordination in a dependency description: with special attention to the coordination of unlike categories
Šindlerová, Jana ; Hošnová, Eva (referee) ; Panevová, Jarmila (advisor)
In this work, theoretical aspects of a descriptive approach to the coordination of unlike categories are studied. According to the theory the author adopts, the so called Functional Generative Description, the different semantic values of coordinated nodes in a dependency tree (called fimctors) are referred to as unlike categories. The author offers constraints (of a kind) for generating coordinative structures with unlike categories. These constraints are based on the relation between a functor and its dominating verb with respect to the valency structure of the verb. The core of the theory is the fact that a coordination of an argument position and an adjunct position is forbidden as a rule. Considering the proposed constraints, a decision is made, which of the possible structures are to be represented as direct phrasal coordinations and which of them as coordinations on the level of the dominating verb. With respect to the aims of the work, the author submits her own proposal for categorisation of coordinative constructions according to the valency properties of the coordinated positions. The work aspires to uproot the established opinion that basically there are no syntactic rule s for the coordination of unIi ke categories.
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The relation of conversion as a system relation
Kováčová, Kateřina ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (advisor) ; Giger, Markus (referee) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee)
The relation of conversion is a semantic relation between lexemes ( or between other typ es of language expressions) that is assessed- as far as its appurtenance to the system oflanguage is concemed - in various theories of language in a different way. Informally, these expressions are usually considered to be in the relation of conversion which "denote the same situation always from a different perspective", such as e.g. the verbs dát - dostat, prodat - koupit, půjčit- půjčit si, vyhrát- prohrát or the nouns vítězství- porážka. In this thesis, the relation of conversion is regarded as a type of a semantic relation that is inherent in the language system and therefore it should be included in the whole theoretical description of language. The author tries to support this standpoint that issues from a more or less intuitive observation of the properties of lexemes in the conversion relation and from their comparison with other lexemes by a consequent description of the nature of the semantic relation of conversion within the formally constructed theory of the Functional Generative Description of Language (FGD). This task is necessarily associated with specific modifications (extensions) of the terrninological framework of FGD because in the theory of FGD the field of lexical semantics has not yet been...
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A Syntactic-semantic Anylysis of Selected Prepositional Groups
Chvátalová, Klára ; Panevová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
Na příkladu předložkové skupiny za + 4 jsme se zabývali rozlišením adverbiálních syntaktických funkcí formálně homonymních předložkových skupin. Naším cílem bylo formulování a otestování automatických, poloautomatických a manuálních kritérií, která na základě kontextu jednotlivé věty umožní adekvátní určení syntaktické funkce. Nutným předpokladem dosažení vytyčeného cíle je však existence přehledné a co možná jednoznačné typologie příslovečných určení, tomu jsme věnovali velkou část svého úsilí. Nejprve jsme sledovali zařazení předložkové skupiny za + 4 v rámci typologií popisovaných hlavními syntaxemi 2. poloviny 20. století a doplňovaných v dílčích otázkách dalšími relevantními pracemi. Podrobné shrnutí odhalilo mnohé rozdíly: Všeobecná shoda panovala v zásadě pouze kolem příslovečného určení místa. Příslovečné určení času jako celek bylo vymezováno také shodně, nikoli však již jeho jednotlivé podtypy. Různé přístupy se uplatňovali také ohledně výrazů typu Chytit / vést za ruku; zatahat za rukáv; viset za nohy, převažovalo však zařazení k příslovečnému určení prostředku, resp. nástroje. Zdaleka nejvíce možných řešení se nabízelo pro zařazení výrazů typu Koupil jsi za osm, prodal jsi za dva, tedy typicky spojených s přesunem peněz. Ve větší míře se jimi zabývají pouze starší syntaxe (Trávníček, 1949;...
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Prague Dependency Treebank as a Czech grammar practice book Prague Dependency Treebank as an exercise book of Czech
Kučera, Ondřej ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee)
Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) is one of the top language corpora in the world. The aim of this work is to introduce a software system that builds an exercise book of Czech using the data of PDT. Two kinds of exercises are provided: morphology (selecting correct parts of speech and their morphological cathegories) and sentence parsing (selecting analytical functions and dependencies between them). The PDT data cannot be used directly though, because of the differences between the academic approach in sentence parsing and the approach that is used in schools. Some of the sentences have to be discarded completely, several transformations have to be applied to the others in order to convert the original representation to the form to which the students are used to from school.
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