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Cold adaptation of snow algae: the role of changes in the composition of fatty acids
Dřízhalová, Marie ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Němcová, Yvonne (referee)
Snow algae as typical extremophiles are good model organisms for study of adaptation for life on the boundary of physiological possibilities. So far, it is not clear, how these microorganisms ensure on the molecular level the optimization of photosynthetic processes in conditions around 0 řC, often with very high light intensity. The aim of this work was to find out light and temperature growth optima of two less studied strains and to assess the composition of fatty acids in selected psychrophilic and psychrotrophic strains from the genera Chloromonas and Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from culture collections UTEX and CCCryo and collections in Europe including the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Using crossed gradients method, this thesis describes optimal temperature and light conditions of two strains of snow algae isolated from sites in the Krkonoše Mountains that are characterized by different ecological conditions. The strain Chloromonas reticulata Luční originates from alpine zone and according to its growth characteristics, it can be classified as psychrotrophic alga requiring high light. The second tested strain was Chloromonas pichinchae Meandry from forest environment, which is also characterized as psychrotrophic, In contrast to previous strain, it grows in a wide range of...
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Diet quality impact on growth and survival of freshwater zooplankton species
Sýkorová, Veronika ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Nedbalová, Linda (referee)
Food quality has a significant influence on freshwater zooplankon. It influences its growth rate and development generally. By quality we understand a certain stoichiometric ratio of the main biogenic elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) in the biomass of food. Ecological stechiometry is helping to understand the balance of chemical elements in ecological interactions and processes. Freshwater zooplankton consists mostly of two groups of organisms: rotifers (Rotifera) and crustaceans (Crustacea) - cladocerans (Cladocera) and copepods (Copepoda). Each of this groups requires different quality of food. Most of filtering cladocerans are fast- growing organisms, which need a phosphorus-rich food for their fast development (small C:P ratio in food) and vice versa for most of the copepods. The food offered is not always ideal for all members of zooplankton, that is why various pre- and post- absorptional mechanisms developed to help them to cope with unsuitable food. The ability to survive unvafourable conditions is closely linked to the zoolpankton's reactions to unsuitable C:N:P ratio in its food. The C:N:P ratio in food of zooplankton also influences the species distribution in water bodies. Key words: stoichiometry, food quality, zooplankton
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Phytoplankton of the Slapy reservoir: seasonal changes and sedimentation losses
Krutílková, Lucie ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Desortová, Blanka (referee)
Seasonal development of phytoplankton in the central part of the eutrophic canyon-shaped Slapy Reservoir was studied in 2003-2007. Weekly sampling interval of the euphotic layer (0-4 m) revealed detailed information on the timing and shape of phytoplankton peaks, not clearly detected by previous monitoring carried out in three-week intervals. The phytoplankton biomass (expressed as chlorophyll a concentration) formed usually three sharp peaks during the vegetation period. In winters with little or no ice cover, the winter minimum was followed by an exponential increase under conditions of almost continuous mixing. After the onset of thermal stratification the increase continued due to markedly improved light conditions in the epilimnetic layer, until the first seasonal maximum was reached. After the sudden decline of the spring peak, the clear-water phase occurred in late May or early June. The pattern of the two summer peaks was especially in 2006 more complex, due to their dependence on a set of less predictable factors. Concerning species composition of peaks, a regular pattern was also observed. Typically, the spring maximum was formed by fast growing cryptomonad flagellates (Plagioselmis spp., Cryptomonas spp.) and small centric diatoms from various genera. The other two peaks were less...
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Cold adaptation mechanisms in microorganisms
Dřízhalová, Marie ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Kvíderová, Jana (referee)
On our planet there are vast areas, where the average temperature does not exceed 5 řC. They are also many places, where the temperature often drops below zero. Not every living organism is able to live in these conditions. The ability to survive in cold region and succefully colonize, such presumably adverse environment requires particular evolutionary adaptation. Adaptation to cold environments has evolved independently in different phylogenetic groups. In low temperature environments, organisms has to adapt in a complex way to be able to permanently inhabit these habitats. Since the analysis of cold adaptation in all organisms is a very complex topic, this thesis is focused on microorganisms. Within this group, it is possible to find certain, which are repeated also in unrelated taxa. The general mechanisms include changes in membrane composition, shifts of enzyme temperature optima, production of compounds that prevent the negative effects of low temperature or the formation of resting stages. This thesis summarizes the mechanisms of cold adaptation which have evolved in microorganisms as response to a long-term or temporary survival at low temperatures. Their potential biotechnological applications are also mentioned. keywords: psychrophilic, psychrotolerant, cold adaptation, enzymes,...
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Phytoplankton in acidified lakes: structure, function and response to ecosystem recovery
Nedbalová, Linda ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Štefková, Elena (referee) ; Komárková, Jaroslava (referee)
Souhrn Předkládanáprácese zabývázejménaruznýmiaspektyeko|ogieplanktonuhorskýchjezer, kterése v současnostizotavujíz acidifikace. Následuje stručnýsouhm přiložených publikacís důrazemnafytoplankton. 1. Biologické zotavováníšumavských jezer z acidifikace (NEDBALoVÁ& al. 2006a) Tato práce se na záklaclě údajůzískanýchna podzim 2003 zatrtěÍilana podrobné vyhodnocenísoučasnéhostavuchemickéhoa biologickéhozotavováníosmi šumavských jezerz acidifikace.Ve srovnánís datyz roku 1999jiŽdošlove čtyřechjezerechk obnovení jejich uhličitanovéhopufračníhosystému(Kleiner ArberseeoPráši|ské,GrosserArbersee a Laka).Zbývajic|čtyřijezeravšakstálezůstávajíacidifikována(Černé,Čertovo,Rachelsee a Plešné).MnoŽstvía sloŽeníobjemověváŽenýchprůměrubiomasyplanktonuodráŽelo rozdíly v acidifikačnímstatutu a v přísunu Živin do jednotlivých jezer. Zal|mco bakterioplanktonbyl hlavní složkou biomasy v acidifikovanýchjezerech s výjimkou PleŠnéhojezer4 v zotavujícíchse jezerech dominoval fytoplanktonspolečněse zooplanktonem.PřevahaÍytoplanktonubyla charakteristickápro mezotrofníPlešnéjezero, kterése vyznačujevyššímpřisunemfosforu.Celkově lze shrnout.Že druhovésloŽení a mnoŽstvíbiomasyltoplanktonu vjednotlivýchjezerechbylo ovlivněnozejménarozdíly ve stupni jejich acidifikace, dostupnostiŽivin a charakteruzooplanktonu.Například příčinou vysokého...
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Taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of aquatic and limno-terrestrial diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in the Maritime Antartic Region
Kopalová, Kateřina ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Sabbe, Koen (referee) ; Jüttner, Ingrid (referee)
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are one of the most diverse algal groups in the Antarctic Region and play a dominant role in almost all freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this overall occurrence, little is known about the diversity, ecology and biogeography of this group in the Maritime Antarctic Region. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to define the taxonomical, ecological and biogeographical characterisation of aquatic, semi- aquatic and moss-inhabiting diatom communities from two islands in the Maritime Antarctic Region: James Ross Island and Livingston Island, located on opposite sides of the Antarctic Peninsula. In this study, a total of 250 samples from three different habitat types (lakes, streams & seepage areas and mosses) from Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island) and Ulu Peninsula (James Ross Island) have been analysed. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, a rather diverse diatom flora composed of 178 taxa, belonging to 43 genera has been identified. Although even until recently, it was generally accepted that the Antarctic diatom flora was mostly composed of cosmopolitan taxa, several new species could be described as a new for science during this PhD study (a reflection of this work is presented in chapters 2 & 3 and in Appendices). Habitat type and...
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Phytoplankton of the Tatra lakes: factors influencing taxonomic composition and biomass
Červenková, Lenka ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Štefková, Elena (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe species composition and biomass of phytoplankton in the Tatra Mountains lakes (Slovakia, Poland) and environmental factors influencing them. The surface layer of 89 lakes was sampled in September 2004. Flagellates from Chrysophyta, Dinophyta and Cryptophyta most frequently dominated the phytoplankton biomass. Lake in the same valley usually differed in their dominant taxonomic group as a result of different lake morphometry, catchment type and detailed geological structure. Based on the level of phytoplankton biovolume, the majority of lakes were ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic, however, mesotrophic and even eutrophic conditions were recorded in some forest and meadow lakes. An allometric relationship between phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a was revealed. Specific chlorophyll content did not differ among taxonomic groups. Altogether 233 species were determined, the most diverse group were Chlorophyta. Species richness of lake was 3-46 and it was negatively correlated with altitude and positively correlated with lake area. The majority of species were rare both in term of biomass and number of lakes occupied by a particular species. Average local species biomass was positively correlated with regional distribution. The similarity of species...
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