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Explicit and implicit means of reference to the general human agent in English and Czech
Machová, Kateřina ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis and comparison of explicit and implicit means of reference to the general human agent in English and in Czech. In these languages we may find both explicit and implicit means which are used to refer to the general human agent and which are identical to a certain degree. However, especially among the implicit means we may observe rather different structures in both languages. This thesis analyses two sets of data - the excerpts from two English novels with their Czech translations and two Czech novels with their English translations. The total number of examples excerpted is 200, each example being considered with its translation to the other language. The source language of this study is English for which a set of particular explicit and implicit means which we focus on in this analysis was defined. For this reason, also in the case of the Czech originals the examples were excerpted from the English translations and their Czech original versions were found. The samples obtained from both the sets of data were further compared and the analysed means were divided into three groups - instances where the means in English and in Czech were identical, instances where the means were nonidentical and instances where the reference to the general human agent was...
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Regulation of DLX1 gene expression through AP-1 binding site
Rejlová, Kateřina ; Starková, Júlia (advisor) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee)
Regulation of expression DLX1 gene, whose elevated levels are detected in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutations, is not still completely explored topic. The first aim of this study was to determine which selected signaling pathways regulate gene expression of DLX1. ERK a JNK pathways were selected by using qRT-PCR and western blot. These pathways cause activation of the transcription factor AP-1 subunits, the AP-1 putative promoter binding site was identified also in the promoter of the DLX1 gene. The second aim of this study was to test the hypothesis on the regulation of gene expression of DLX1 (via ERK/JNK pathway) through AP-1 binding site on the promoter. Dual luciferase assay using luminescent luciferase activity was performed to test this hypothesis. Gene of the luciferase is contained in the used luciferase vector. The short and the long part of the DLX1 promoter (around AP-1 site) were inserted before the gene of the luciferase in the constructs used in this method. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of gene expression through AP-1 promoter binding site is important but not sufficient part of the regulatory cascade running through ERK and JNK pathway. There must be another transcription factors activated by ERK1/2 kinase which are probably also involved in...
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Role of the oncogenic microRNAs miR-17-92 and miR-155 in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and leukemogenesis
Pospíšil, Vít ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pospíšek, Martin (referee) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee)
(English version): Hematopoietic differentiation is highly ordered multistep process, where generation of terminal blood cells is dependent upon coordinated regulation of gene expression by key regulators: transcription factors and mikroRNAs. PU.1 (Sfpi1) is a versatile hematopoetic transcription factor required for the proper generation of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. MikroRNAs represent a novel class of ~22 nucleotide long non-coding posttranscriptional regulators that inhibit expression of genes by blocking protein translation or by mRNA degradation. In this PhD thesis I present research data documenting novel mechanisms of regulation and function of two oncogenic mikroRNAs, miR-17-92 cluster and miR-155 and myeloid transcriptional factors PU.1 upon macrophage differentiation of myeloid progenitors. The miR-17-92 cluster (Oncomir1) encodes seven related mikroRNAs that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and development and is overexpressed in number of malignancies including myeloid leukemia. Presented PhD thesis documents novel macrophage specific regulatory mechanisms involving the oncogenic cluster miR-17-92. Using transgenic PU.1-/- myeloid progenitors we show that upon macrophage differentiation, the transcription factor PU.1 induces the secondary determinant, the transcription...
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The role of transcription factors PU.1 a GATA-1 during leukemia differentiation.
Burda, Pavel ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kořínek, Vladimír (referee) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee)
Hematopoiesis is coordinated by a complex regulatory network of transcription factors among them PU.1 (Spi1, Sfpi1) and GATA-1 represent key molecules. GATA-1 and PU.1 bind each other on DNA to block each others transcriptional programs to prevent development of undesired lineage during hematopoietic commitment. Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, transformed erythroid precursors that are blocked from completing the late stages of erythroid differentiation, co-express GATA-1 and PU.1 and as my and others data document, are able to respond to molecular removal (down-regulation) of PU.1 or addition (up-regulation) of GATA-1 by inducing terminal erythroid differentiation. We provide novel evidence that downregulation of GATA-1 or upregulation of PU.1 induces incompletely differentiation into cell cycle arrested monocytic-like cells. Furthermore, PU.1- dependent transcriptome is negatively regulated by GATA-1 in MEL cells, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) and Core-binding factor, beta subunit (Cbfb) that encode additional key hematopoietic transcription factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays identified PU.1 motif sequences near Cebpa and Cbfb that are co-occupied by PU.1 and GATA-1 in the leukemic blasts. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation of these loci by...
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TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL and TEL/ABL Fusion genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Žaliová, Markéta ; Trka, Jan (advisor) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Dagmar (referee)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. It represents a group of clinically and biologically heterogenous malignancies that can be subclasified into several subtypes according to the presence of recurrent genetic aberrations. The typical genetic aberrations in childhood ALL are chromosomal translocation, that often result in creation of fusion genes encoding either chimeric kinases or chimeric transcription factors. These recurrent genetic aberations are aquired lesions, they are supposed to be the initial hits (that may arise even prenataly) with a causal role in the process of leukemogenesis, which is, however, in the majority of them not yet fully understood. They further represent specific markes used for the detection of leukemic cells and some of them have also prognostic significance and belong among the factors used for risk group stratification in treatment protocols. Risk group stratification and subsequent risk-adapted therapy together with introduction of new therapeutic approaches (intensive chemotherapeutic regimens involving intrathecal application, hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), supportive therapy) account for the significant improvement of the treatment outcomes of childhood ALL in the last decades. In addition to genotype, several...
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Ekologická rozhraní: interakce živého a neživého v povrchových mikroekosystémech půd a antropogenních substrátů
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Praha ; Peksa, Ondřej ; Vojta, Jaroslav ; Machová, Kateřina ; Škaloud, Pavel ; Prášil, Karel ; Kubátová, Alena ; Neustupa, Jiří ; Soldán, Zdeněk
Výsledky za rok jsou uvedeny v kapitolách: A. Abiotické a ekofyziologické charakteristiky studovaných lokalit, B. Studium sinic a řas, C. Studium hub, D. Studium lišejníků, E. Studium mechorostů, F. Inokulace substrátu sinicí rodu Nostoc. Uveden je přehled o čerpání finančních prostředků.
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Ekologická rozhraní: interakce živého a neživého v povrchových mikroekosystémech půd a antropogenních substrátů
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Praha ; Mrázek, Jakub ; Vojta, Jaroslav ; Peksa, Ondřej ; Prášil, Karel ; Kubátová, Alena ; Škaloud, Pavel ; Machová, Kateřina ; Neustupa, Jiří ; Soldán, Zdeněk
V roce 2005 byl studován soubor dvanácti lokalit - tři přírodní stanoviště, pět odkališť, dvě výsypky a dvě kulturní plochy. Předběžné výsledky jednotlivých pracovních skupin: algologické, mykologické, bryologicko-lichenologické a geobotanické.
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Ekologická rozhraní: interakce živého a neživého v povrchových mikroekosystémech půd a antropogenních substrátů
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Praha ; Peksa, Ondřej ; Vojta, Jaroslav ; Machová, Kateřina ; Škaloud, Pavel ; Prášil, Karel ; Kubátová, Alena ; Neustupa, Jiří ; Soldán, Zdeněk
Výsledky řešení projektu jsou uvedeny v kapitolách: 1. Abiotické a ekofyziologické charakteristiky studovaných lokalit, 2. Studium cyanobakterií a řas, 3. Studium hub, 4. Dekompozice listového opadu břízy a modelové celulózy, 5. Studium lišejníků, 6. Studium mechorostů, 7. Inokulace substrátu sinicí rodu Nostoc. V rámci jednotlivých kapitol jsou pak uvedeny i specifické metodiky. Návrh metodiky Monitoring a management antropogenních toxických substrátů rudních a strusko-popílkových odkališť bez souvislého vegetačního pokryvu.
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