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In Search of a Competition Law Model for ASEAN through a Case Study of Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam: Does the EU Competition Law Model Fit?
Dufková, Barbara ; Tomášek, Michal (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee) ; Petr, Michal (referee)
In Search of a Competition Law Model for ASEAN through a Case Study of Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam: Does the EU Competition Law Model Fit? Abstract The thesis aims to identify a fitting competition law regime for ASEAN countries. It operates upon presumption expressed in the scholarship on legal transplanting and competition law and development that for a transplanted competition law to be successful, it has to be tailored to fit the domestic environments. As the thesis observes that in adoption of their competition regulation, ASEAN member states resorted to legal transplanting of competition models from other jurisdictions, especially that of the EU, tailoring the EU model to fit their domestic conditions seems to be a key to their success. These differences in domestic conditions resulting in different national competition laws will also influence the design of a region-wide competition law regime that is being constructed. To identify those market-related needs and pain-points of ASEAN members states, the thesis classifies them into clusters depending on their level of economic development. Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam (the examined jurisdictions) were selected as representatives of the economies of ASEAN member states from the most developed to the least developed ones. The thesis first analyses...
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Narrow Price Parity Clauses in the Context of EU Competition Law.
Tůmová, Natálie ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Exner, Jan (referee)
Narrow Price Parity Clauses in the Context of EU Competition Law Abstract This paper deals with the issue of narrow price parity clauses. Narrow price parity clauses are contractual arrangements that online booking platforms, such as Booking, oblige hotels not to offer accommodation at lower prices through their websites than through the booking platform. As the clause restricts hotels' freedom to price their services freely, national competition authorities across the EU have started to look into the clauses. The competition authorities of the Member States have investigated whether narrow price parity clauses constitute a restriction of competition within the meaning of Article 101(1) TFEU. Although the protection of competition falls within the exclusive competence of the EU and the framework of competition regulation is therefore almost identical in all Member States, Member States' approaches to compatibility of narrow price parity clauses with the competition law differ. The first objective of this paper was thus to categorise the different approaches of the competition authorities regarding narrow price parity clauses. On the basis of a thorough research, the author has prepared an overview table on the permissibility of narrow price parity clauses used by Booking in all Member States. In 5 Member...
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Leniency programme as a fair tool of EU competition law
Svoboda, Michael ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Leniency programme as a fair tool of EU competition law Abstract This diploma thesis addresses the question whether the Commission's leniency programme respects the fundamental rights and principles protecting undertakings from abuse of power by the Commission, in other words whether the Commission's leniency programme is fair and proportionate. After a general introduction to the conditions of the Commission's leniency programme, the diploma thesis analyses the relationship of the leniency programme to the various fundamental rights and principles - namely the principle of legal certainty and legitimate expectations, the principle of equal treatment and the right to a fair trial. These particular rights and principles have been selected because they appear to be the most relevant with respect to the specifics of the leniency program. In relation to the principle of legal certainty and legitimate expectation, the focus is on the hypothetical application and marker application, the evidence required to obtain immunity, evidence with significant added value, the conditions of cooperation with the Commission, the timing of notification of the fulfilment of the conditions of the leniency programme, the level of reduction of the fine and the issue of multijurisdictional leniency applications. In relation to the...
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Problem of so-called social dumping in EU law
Marková, Alice ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
Problem of so-called social dumping in EU law Abstract Social dumping in EU law is becoming an increasingly pressing problem. Due to the creation of the EU internal market and the accession of the new Member States, in particular southern and eastern Europe, social dumping is occurring in many forms in the European Union. Is it possible to prevent social dumping, or by what means can it be minimized? This diploma thesis in its first chapter deals with the definition of social dumping in EU law in general, focusing on social dumping in the form of so-called regulatory arbitrage, both theoretically and practically. In the second chapter, the author presents the development of social policy in the context of the EU internal market, since the interaction between the economic and social objectives of European integration is crucial for the existence of social dumping. This chapter is followed by the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Rush Portuguesa, Viking Line, Laval, Rüffert and Commission v. Luxembourg, which concerns a conflict of fundamental freedoms and fundamental social rights. This chapter discusses how the Court of Justice of the European Union decides in the event of a conflict of these rights. Furthermore, that case-law has a considerable impact on the interpretation of the...
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Certainty of FRAND conditions when concluding license agreements for SEP in the system of European competition law
Vévoda, Ondřej ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Aneta (referee)
1 Certainty of FRAND conditions when concluding license agreements for SEP in the system of European competition law Abstract The diploma thesis examines the relationship of European Union competition law in relation to intellectual property rights, specifically standardized technologies using patents. The topic is currently at the forefront of interest with regard to technology development and the interconnection of global markets. Standardized technology is now increasingly used globally. The aim of this work is to determine whether there is a fixed method in the jurisdiction of the European Union, how to determine the license agreement for a patent for standardized technology under FRAND conditions, or whether there are a larger number of these methods. The second issue examined is to determine whether European competition law clearly provides undertakings with a procedure for negotiating a standardized technology patent license agreement in order to avoid infringing European Union competition law. The work takes into account the decision-making of judicial and other bodies in the matter, especially at the level of European Union institutions, but for a broader view, the methods of other jurisdictions with the highest GDP are given, namely the USA, Japan, China, Germany and the United Kingdom. In...
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Analysis of selected aspects of directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights
Baliak, Matúš ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
1 Analysis of selected aspects of directive 2019/790 on copyright Abstract The Internet age gave rise to new ways of creation, distribution and use of copyrighted works, hitherto unknown business models. The Copyright Directive, which represents a revolution in the legislation for giving the public access to copyrighted content on the Internet, was meant to responded to this development. The directive primarily imposes strict direct liability on service providers for copyright breaking content shared by their users, moreover it grants copyright to publishers of print publications. This directive has been a much-discussed topic in recent years due to its unclear interpretation and the public's concern about the censorship of internet by upload filters. Subject of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the copyright directive in the light of European Union law, important case law of the CJEU in the field of copyright and the protected use of works on the Internet and the applicable legal order of the Czech Republic. The work is divided into an introduction, seven chapters and a conclusion. The first two chapters are devoted to analysis of the conceptual features of copyright-protected work and online content-sharing service provider, as the subject of protection and the addressee of the obligations set out in...
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Artificial splitting of a public contract under EU legislation and CJEU case law
Sargsyan, Gayane ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Artificiall splitting of a public contract under EU legislation and CJEU case law ABSTRACT The EU public procurement law aims to ensure open competition in the public procurement market for the purpose of achieving the EU internal market. The scope of procurement legislation based on the estimated value of a contract is set by the financial thresholds specified in the relevant Directive 2014/24/EU. In direct breach to the purpose of EU procurement legislation is artificial splitting of a public contract conducted by a contracting authority resulting in lowering the estimated value of procured works, services and supplies, and thus excluding them from the scope of the Directive. Article 5(3) of Directive 2014/24 prohibits artificial splitting of a public contract. Similar provisions were part of first procurement directives from the 1970s. However, the relevant paragraph does not explicitly regulate what are the exact criteria that contracting authorities should take into consideration while determining the subject matter of a single public contract in order not to violate the prohibition of artificial splitting of a contract. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the secondary EU legislation relevant to prohibition of artificial splitting of a public contract, including soft law and relevant doctrine, as...
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An impact of the recent economic crisis upon the control of mergers of competitors in the EU
Bartoš, Petr ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
An impact of the recent economic crisis upon the control of mergers of competitors in the EU The purpose of this thesis is to analyse an impact of the recent economic crisis upon the control of mergers of competitors in the EU. It is established as an initial hypotheses that the economic crisis had considerable impact upon the EC merger control. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the above mentioned topic. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One describes pre-crisis legal framework of EC merger control. Part Two deals with dominant pre-crisis theoretical approaches towards EC merger control. Chapter Two examines origin and development of the recent economic crisis, various regulatory responses to it, as well as the joint action of EU Member States towards dealing with consequences of the economic crisis. The chapter consists of seven parts, last one of them attempts to compare current situation in the EU with historical example of US antitrust enforcement during national crises. Chapter Three is focused on the impact of the recent economic crisis on EC merger control. It is subdivided into nine parts and provides an outline of the consistency on the principles...
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Dominant position and its abuse in the Czech and European Community Law
Vavříček, Vladimír ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
This thesis addresses dominant position and its abuse in the Czech and in the European Community law, by the means of comparative method. Analyzes and comments on new, relevant courts practice and takes a closer look at reform of the competition law in the field of Art. 102 TFEU. For the sake of the global description of topic in question, the thesis briefly mentions concepts of economic position, economic dependency (significant market power) and their abuse and also presents concept of monopoly position and its abuse in antitrust law of the United States of America.
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The protection of personal data on the Internet under European Union law
Krejčířová, Edita ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Scheu, Harald Christian (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to analyse a development of technologies in comparison with the protection of personal data on the internet under law of the EU. However, it would not be possible to describe every single technology and its reflection in law of the EU. Therefore, the thesis is mainly focused on two most significant internet technologies - cookies and cloud computing. The key for selection of the most important representative technologies was especially a frequency of their use. The thesis is composed of two main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the development of technologies in comparison with protection of personal data on the internet under law of the EU. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis under applicable law of the EU. The chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One describes personal data and its role in applicable law of the EU. Part Two deals with the specific technologies - cookies and cloud computing. This part particularly points out risks of these technologies and provides possible solutions. Chapter Two analyzes the upcoming reform of data protection in EU. The chapter is mainly focused on proposal for General Data Protection Regulation, which could dramatically change the protection of personal data on the...
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