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Frequency and trend analysis of rain-on-snow events at selected meteorological stations in the Czech Rebublic
Kakalejčík, Matej ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Blahušiaková, Andrea (referee)
Rain-on-snow events represent a natural hydro-meteorological phenomenon and their occurrence is often associated with floods. Due to the climate change occurrence, rain-on snow events are also changing. The main goal of diploma thesis is to define spatial and temporal occurrence of rain-on-snow events at 16 selected meteorological stations in the Czech Republic between the years 1966-2012. Spatial occurrence of rain-on-snow events is expressed by number of events per meteorological station. Final number of events varies widely even between the stations with similar altitude. Stations with the highest frequency of rain-on-snow events are located in Jizerské hory between 675 and 780 m a.s.l. Temporal occurrence of rain- on-snow events is expressed by number of events per year and month respectively. Time series of rain-on-snow events were analysed by statistical trends to gain information about changes in occurrence over time. Most of the stations proved no statistically significant trend. There was a trend detected only at four out of 16 stations. Three meteorological stations showed a rising trend, whereas one station signalled a decreasing trend. More complex results were produced by the trend analysis of monthly time series of rain-on snow events. Nine stations yielded at least one month with a...
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Hydrological Drought in Headwaters of Šumava Mountain
Skála, Vít ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Kocum, Jan (referee)
This master thesis if focused on the phenomenon of hydrological drought in the Šumava (Bohemian/Black Forrest) region. Hydrological drought is defined on seven hydrological stations (Modrava (CZ), Rejštějn (CZ), Sušice (CZ), Zwiesel (DE), Teisnach (DE), Chamerau (DE), Kalteneck (DE)) during period 1931-1937 and 1949-2014. The aim is in finding suitable hydrological dought indexes and other methods and apply them od the data. Results are compared each other and also are compared with studies that were proceed in non-mountainous region. For hydrological drought evaluation the threshold concept and method according Gumbel 1963 were used and deficite volumes were calculated. Seasonality graphs and graphs for nuber of drought days in hydrological years were constructed, For trends defining, Mann.Kendall and Hisch-Slack tests were used. Hydrological drought sesonality is different on german and czech side, it means effect of exposition towards southwest winds. Hydrological drought is concetrated in autumn at german stations and in winter on czech stations. Number of drought episodes decreases with decreasing elevation. There were found significant decreasing trends in drought episodes occurance in time. Monthly trends aren't so clear. On czech side there is significant decreasing trend in winter months,...
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TREELINE DYNAMIC IN THE MT. KRALICKÝ SNĚŽNÍK
Kolář, Václav ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šenfelder, Martin (referee)
Treeline dynamic in the Mt. Kralický Sněžník Abstract Changes in treeline positions have been recorded both in the mountains of Central Europe and worldwide. The treeline upward shifts have been recently influenced particularly by rising temperature and reduced human impacts in the highest parts of the mountains. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate dynamics of treeline in the Mt. Kralický Sněžník and to determine influencing factors. Dendrochronological methods were employed to determine age structure of spruce across the ecotone and the analysis of aerial images was used to identify changes of spruce coverage between 1936 and 2014. I found that tree age is decreasing with increasing elevation - an evidence of advancing treeline. Treeline upward advance indicated by a gradual densification of spruce stands was also detected from aerial images. Seedling abundance is negatively affected by dense mats of blueberry in the upper part of ecotone. Mortality of spruce is rising with increasing elevation,which indicates the negative influence of extreme climatic conditions in the uppermost parts of ecotone. Age structures and aerial images show that the treeline advance in the Mt. Kralický Sněžník was caused by a combination of land abandonment at the end of 19th century supplemented by afforestation in the lower...
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Role of phenotypic plasticity, genetic and epigenetic differentiation in ecophysiological traits of Festuca rubra L. in response to climate change
Koláříková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schnablová, Renata (referee)
Understanding the ability of species to respond to climate change is essential for prediction of their future distribution. When migration is not adequate, reaction via phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic/epigenetic adaptation is necessary. The main aim of this study is to determine mechanisms of response to climate change in dominant grass species Festuca rubra. The study used reciprocal transplant experiment with growth chambers simulating different climatic conditions. Original localities in western Norway represent factorially crossed gradients of temperatures and precipitations, thus it was possible to study the effect of temperature and moisture separately as well as combined. In first part of the experiment, plastic responses were separated from genetic differentiation. To do this, plants with different genotypes from original localities were transplanted to growth chambers set to simulating temperature and moisture course in the four extreme localities (wettest and driest combined with warmest and coldest). After five months, ecophysiological photosynthetic-related traits were measured. These traits are important for species ability to adapt and maintain high fitness and thus they are essential for plants function. Specifically, it was net photosynthetic rate (PN), fluorescence of...
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Framing Climate Policies: Discourse Analysis of Carbon Pricing Debates in Canada and Australia
Davidová, Kateřina ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
Framing Climate Policies: Discourse Analysis of Carbon Pricing Debates in Canada and Australia Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the discourses of Stephen Harper and Tony Abbot during federal election campaigns where climate policies played an unusually important role (2008 in Canada and 2013 in Australia). The study builds on a hypothesis, that according to the post-materialist theory and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, such economically advanced, democratic countries as Canada and Australia should be at the vanguard of climate action. However, in reality they are some of the worst performers when it comes to tackling carbon emissions. Both Harper and Abbott publicly promised to put in serious efforts to tackle climate change. However, when the question of setting a national price on carbon came up for discussion during the above-mentioned election campaigns, they both not only opposed it, but even tried to discredit it by framing the whole debate in overwhelmingly negative terms. In order to uncover what kind of frames and other discursive strategies the two politicians used to shape the debate, critical discourse analysis was applied to their public statements on the policy of carbon tax. Results of this analysis show that they used all of the frames that are typically associated...
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Europe 2020 strategy and its implementation by the Czech Republic
Křivanec, David ; Palíšková, Marcela (advisor) ; Stříteský, Marek (referee)
At the beginning of the Bachelor's Thesis, there is a description of the European union and its history after World War II, phases of the European integration and benefits it brings for the member states. Then the process of how the economic policy of the EU is directed and coordinated with the policy of each individual state. Furthermore, the Europe 2020 strategy, which has goal to create a competitive EU on the global market, is in detail described and five areas are defined: Employment, Poverty, Education, Research and development and Climate change and energy. Analysis itself focuses on the implementation of the national targets using secondary data and future analysis. Results of the analysis shows, that the Czech Republic is successfully fulfilling most of the targets. The recommendation for the private and public sector is to focus on employment of the socially excluded groups, education of the children in early, pre-school stage of life and overall support of young people and graduates. From a long-time point of view, these steps should maximize work potential and increase education of the population.
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Analyzing the Kystone XL debate
Chaloupková, Barbora ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the media debate over the possible construction of Keystone XL pipeline. In 2008 the Canadian company TransCanada submitted an application for presidential permit to construct the pipeline. Such permit was needed as the pipeline would be crossing the U.S. international border. In 2015 President Obama decided not to issue the permit. This thesis examines how was this topic debated in the two prestigious US newspapers The Washington Post and The New York Times. The research methodology that was chosen for this paper is content analysis. Unit of content is an article from abovementioned newspapers published between 2008 and 2015 that had the headword "Keystone XL" in its headline. The thesis relies on framing theory. It aims to identify the frames that dominated the debate and their main storylines. In its first part the paper defines the methodology and its theoretical framework; the second part examines the results of the content analysis and afterwards deals in depth with each of the frames. The three dominant frames were "environmental frame", "energy security frame" and "economic frame". Each frame is put into the broader context of the academic research dealing with the same topic.
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Comparing Climate Change Adaptation Measures: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland
Skupa, Marek ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The diploma thesis "Comparing Climate Change Adaptation Measures: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland" compares national adaptation strategies on climate change of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. These strategies represents general politics of selected states on the field of climate change adaptation and the author compares them regarding the adaptation measures they contain. For this comparison, framework based on options and recommendations provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the EU is used. Author also analyses mitigation policies of selected states and examines similarities and differences in both approaches. In conclusion author relates his findings towards existing research and using both, he introduces limited theoretical findings about possible relationship between mitigation and adaptation policies of states.
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The analysis of glacial retreat of selected mountain regions of New Zealand and natural hazards from GLOFs
Brambus, Ondřej ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis analyses the glacier fluctuations in New Zealand since late Pliocen until today (2017) and evaluates GLOFs (Glacier Lake Outburst Floods) hazards from all proglacial lakes of New Zealand. Background research of a wide range of scientific sources was used to describe New Zealand glacier fluctuations during the last ~2.6 Ma, uncover local climatic and tectonic specifics, describe uneven behaviour of different glacier types and summarise current knowledge about climatological forcings to New Zealand glaciers. Compared to the timing of glaciations in the Norther Hemisphere, an earlier onset of LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) and LIA (Little Ice Age) was recorded in New Zealand. A dramatic glacier advance of short- to medium-response time glaciers was recorded between 1983 and 1999. This advance was caused by changes of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns around New Zealand. A detailed study of the past events revealed that really few events were recorded in New Zealand history. While englacial outburst floods are relatively common from Franz Josef Glacier, no moraine dam rupture and only two GLOFs from a proglacial lake were recorded in New Zealand history. Inventory of proglacial lakes of New Zealand completed from remote sensing data was done to further evaluate the hazards of GLOFs. 25...
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Long-Term Changes in Cloudiness and Sunshine Duration in Europe
Bílková, Jarmila ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Holtanová, Eva (referee)
LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CLOUDINESS AND SUNSHINE DURATION IN EUROPE Abstract The aim of this paper is to study long-term changes of two climatological parameters known as sunshine duration (SD) and cloudiness (CC) using several stations data located in Europe in the period 1965 - 2016. This paper is devided into two main parts. First part is paying attention to the literary research, which firstly introduce the chosen climatical variables (SD and CC) and then introduce the issue of the already known long term changes of this variables. Second part of this work is based on practical research. This paper uses a statistical linear regression to find out the seasonal and annual trends in sunshine duration and cloudiness. Data series were obtained from database ECA&D in total from 48 european climatic stations. Klíčová slova: cloud cover, sunshine duration, climate change, trends, Europe
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