|
|
Dlouhodobé funkčně-motorické následky transplantace kostní dřeně u dětí
Knotková, Edita ; Jevič, Filip (vedoucí práce) ; Sedláček, Petr (oponent)
Cílem práce bylo zjistit a zhodnotit dlouhodobé funkčně-motorické následky transplantace kostní dřeně u dětí a navrhnout možnosti testování a fyzioterapie těchto funkčně-motorických následků. První část práce se zabývá rešeršním zpracováním údajů o transplantaci kostní dřeně a jejích následcích. Shrnuje možnosti testování motorických schopností pacientů po transplantaci kostní dřeně. Dále shrnuje poznatky a možnosti z oblasti fyzioterapie pacientů po transplantaci kostní dřeně. Ve druhé části jsou zpracovány naměřené výsledky BOT 2 testu dětských pacientů po transplantaci kostní dřeně. Práce srovnává jednak jejich výsledky vzhledem ke zdravé populaci, ale také ověřuje vliv různých faktorů na funkční a motorické schopnosti pacienta. Dětští pacienti po transplantaci kostní dřeně vykazují většinou podprůměrné výsledky v motorických testech, zejména v oblasti manuální koordinace. Částečně se potvrdily hypotézy, že děti po ozařování mají funkčně-motorické následky v oblasti manuální koordinace a jemné motoriky a že děti léčené kortikoidy mají větší funkčně-motorické následky v oblasti koordinace těla.
|
|
|
Incorporation of microbial cells in hydrogel carriers
Orišková, Sofia ; Pekař, Miloslav (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
The presented diploma thesis focuses on the use of plant growth promoting bacteria as an ecological alternative to conventional fertilizers. The incorporation of bacterial cells into hydrogel carriers is already a well-studied topic, but due to its disadvantages it has not yet found wider application in agriculture. This work offers a novel concept of encapsulating bacteria by gelation directly from the culture. This is achieved by crosslinking the bacterial alginate produced by the model microorganism Azotobacter vinelandii. Since this process was not described before, first its optimization was needed. Alginate production was determined gravimetrically, and its parameters were further characterized using available analytical methods – infrared spectroscopy to monitor structural parameters (monomer composition and the extent of acetylation), dynamic light scattering to characterize the size distribution and AF4-MALS-dRI to obtain the molecular weight. Bacterial PHB production was also investigated using gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The second part of the work is focused on the optimization of the gelling process using bacterial alginate from the culture and CaCl2 as a crosslinking agent. Rheological experiments were used as a tool in understanding the viscoelastic properties of the prepared gels. Gelation was demonstrated within the first day after inoculation. Maximum production of alginate (1,9 ± 0,3) g/l was reached on the fourth day after inoculation. It was found that the addition of 5 g/l of calcium carbonate promotes the production of alginate. Nevertheless, further addition of CaCO3 (30 g/l) showed adverse effects on the molecular weight and is therefore not recommended. Production of PHB was confirmed by both FTIR and GC measurements, with a maximum yield of (23 ± 3) % CDW. Rheological testing confirmed that the product of the crosslinking was a gel. It was found that the crosslinker concentration plays an important role at time 0 min of the gelation, forming a denser network in the structure and causing higher rigidity. Using the highest studied concentration of CaCl2, the critical strain reached values of (5,0 ± 0,7) %. Finally, the incorporation of bacterial cells into the hydrogel was confirmed using fluorescence microscope.
|
|
|
Adaptation to adverse osmotic conditions as a tool for evolutionary enginnering of bacteria
Drotárová, Lenka ; Nováčková, Ivana (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the application of osmotic stress as a tool for evolutionary engineering of PHA producing bacterial strains. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate a bacterial adaptation to hypoosmotic environment, as an engineering tool in order to increase the production of PHA. The theoretical part focuses on the evolutionary engineering principle, methods of the strategy and the effect of physical factors on microorganism. The aim of experimental part was to performed an adaptive evolutionary experiment with the bacterial strain Halomonas halophila CCM 3662. Reduced osmotic pressure was used as a stressing factor during the serial cultivation. In order to generate PHA producing mutant strains, each passage was characterized using spectrophotometric and gravimetric method and by GC-FID. It was found that after the long-term cultivation, the mutant strain HH35, cultivated in 35 g/l NaCl, was associated with the highest biomass and PHB concentration. The 15th and 30th passages, along with the wild type strain H. halophila were subjected to further cell-robustness analysis with the application of hyper- and hypoosmotic shock. The stress response, viability of cells and morphological changes were analyzed using FC and TGA methods. Isolated polymers were characterized using FTIR analysis.
|
|
|
Adhesion Properties of Semi-IPN Hydrogels
Candráková, Simona ; Sedláček, Petr (oponent) ; Kalina, Michal (vedoucí práce)
This Diploma thesis deals with optimization of the hydrogel preparation with various additions of substances affecting adhesion, studying the adhesion of prepared hydrogel systems and modifying their adhesion properties. Prepared hydrogels were agarose, alginate and gellan polymer systems with additions of acrylic acid, acrylamide, calcium chloride and Tween 20. The experimental part of the diploma thesis focuses first on optimizing the preparation of individual hydrogels, from which, according to certain criteria, suitable representatives were selected to study adhesion and its controlled modification. Agarose and gellan hydrogels were selected as suitable representatives, which were then used in rheological measurements. Based on these measurements, the effect of the adhesive force and the adhesive work of individual materials was evaluated. It was found that the best adhesion properties of the materials used are unadjusted hydrogels, in the case of hydrogels with the addition of another substance, a negative effect on adhesion was observed, when the adhesion force was reduced and also the adhesion work was reduced.
|
|
|
Interactions of soil organic matter with pollutants studied by microcalorimetric techniques
Macuráková, Viktória ; Sedláček, Petr (oponent) ; Smilek, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
This diploma thesis dealt with the study of interactions of soil organic matter, specifically humic acids with a pollutant, where the surfactant Septonex was used. Humic acids were isolated from two different soils in the work, namely black earth and cambium. The theoretical part describes the formation of humic acids as such, their possible interactions with substances and the characterization of surfactants. The experimental part is devoted to the characteristics of humic acids using elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and then the most important part of the thesis, namely the monitoring of interactions using isothermal titration calorimetry. The experiment showed that the sample of isolated black earth at the surfactant concentration of 0,075 moldm3 had the best interaction with the surfactant.
|
|
|
Analytical methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of PHA in cyanobacteria
Černayová, Diana ; Samek, Ota (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
The diploma thesis is confused to verify the applicability of selected physicochemical and spectroscopic methods for characterization of cyanobacteria, with special emphasis on possibilities of qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (specifically polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)) accumulated in cyanobacterial cells. The sample basis of the work was formed by cultures of cyanobacterial strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechocystis salina CCALA 192. The cultures were were cultivated in several ways to cover the widest possible range of physiological conditions and PHB contents, in particular using an autotrophic way of cultivation on shakers and multicultural culture method in a basic culture medium,and in media enriched with 2% salt (NaCl ) as well as mixotrophic culture media with different types of the carbon substrate. After few weeks of cultivation, cyanobacterial cultures were obtained and complexly analyzed by following techniques- cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry and UV-VIS spectrometry (transmission and diffusion transmission mode), dry cell biomass was characterised by gas chromatography to obtain a exact amount of PHB, and then FT-IR spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The work aimed to assess whether any of these methods can be a quick and affordable alternative to the determination of PHB content to the most commonly used method of gas chromatography, but also to assess what additional information about the physiological state of cyanobacterial cells can provide test methods. The highest correlation on PHB content was determined for the parameters determined by infrared spectroscopy, in which specific peaks from the characteristic wavelengths for polyhydroxybutyrate were important. Weak correlations on PHB content were achieved in thermogravimetric analysis and cytometry, using the hydrophobic fluorescent probe BODIPY 439/503, which bound to lipophilic parts of cells. In addition to the determination of PHB, it was possible to determine pigments present in cyanobacteria (such as chlorophyll, phycocyanin and carotenoids) by flow cytometry and UV-VIS diffusion transmission spectrometry. In the end, results from all used techniques were compared by PCA analysis to determine the similarity of all analyzed samples.
|
|
|
Determination of Paracetamol content in selected drugs using ATR-FTIR spectrometry
Waczulíková, Kristína ; Sedláček, Petr (oponent) ; Enev, Vojtěch (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with determination of paracetamol content in selected drugs by ATR-FTIR spectrometry and aims to design and optimize determination of paracetamol in dosage forms by a direct measurement of the sample, called ‘dry way’. Tablets of three drugs containing paracetamol have been studied. Wavelength ranges were determined from the measured FTIR spectra as regions where the absorptions of fillers (microcrystal cellulose, starch and magnesium stearate) were minimal. Absorption bands of paracetamol were selected at the wavenumbers of 1 503 cm-1 and 1 224 cm-1 in order to construct a calibration curve. The contents of paracetamol in the drug tablets were calculated using calibration curves obtained by the method of simple regression analysis. The lowest deviation from the amount of 500 mg paracetamol per tablet as reported by the manufacturer was from the calibration curve for paracetamol with microcrystalline cellulose. The determined amounts of paracetamol per tablet in the selected drugs lied within range 493.5–505.5 mg. These results point to the conclusion that the ATR-FTIR spectrometry method can be used for the quantitative determination of paracetamol in drugs using direct measurement, as deviations from the reference value of 500 mg did not exceed 1.5 % for cellulose and 3.85 % for magnesium stearate and therefore are within acceptable limits for the exploratory study.
|
|
|
Optimalizace optických a transportních vlastností hydrogelů na bázi PVA
Zahrádka, Jan ; Kalina, Michal (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
Hlavním cílem této bakalářské práce je navrhnout a optimalizovat vhodnou metodu přípravy transparentních, fyzikálně síťovaných hydrogelů s manipulovatelnými transportními vlastnostmi. Jako modelový gelotvorný materiál byl zvolen polyvinylalkohol (PVA) síťovaný metodou cyklického mražení a rozmražování. Z původně navržených tří mechanismů ovlivnění optických vlastností takto připravených PVA gelů byl na základě pilotních skríningových experimentů pro hlubší navazující analýzu vybrán vliv rychlosti mražení. Mechanické vlastnosti připravených hydrogelů byly analyzovány prostřednictvím reologie metodou amplitudového (strain sweep) testu. Vnitřní struktura byla vizualizována pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM). Optimalizovaná technika přípravy transparentních PVA gelů byla následně využita pro přípravu gelů s interpenetrovanou polyelektrolytovou komponentou (poly(styren sulfonát)). Metodou difúzního páru s metylenovou modří jako difúzní sondou bylo poté experimentálně ověřeno, že hybridní hydrogelová síť disponuje modifikovanými transportními vlastnostmi.
|
|
|
Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on observation of cyanobacteria exposed to osmotic-up and down stresses. Based on literature review appropriate methods have been proposed to study two model organisms - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Four methods have been utilized to characterize osmotically stressed cyanobacteria. Flow cytometry has been utilized to assess viability of bacteria. SYTOX Blue fluorescent stain provided reliable information on bacteria stress resistance, whilst when stained with propidium iodide obscured results were obtained. Optical properties of cyanobacteria have been characterized with UV-VIS absorbance and turbidity measurements. Bacteria have undergone thermogravimetric analysis upon stress exposure to estimate cell volume dependence on extent of salt stress. This analysis suggested that PHB-positive Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 tend to be more endurable to osmotic up-stress than PHB-negative. Gas chromatography showed PHB-positive cells to contain 1-2 % of PHB per dry cell mass.
|
|
|
Charakterizace vybraných bakteriálních kmenů získaných během evolučních experimentů
Hrabalová, Vendula ; Sedláček, Petr (oponent) ; Obruča, Stanislav (vedoucí práce)
Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá použitím evolučního inženýrství na bakteriální kmeny produkující polyhydroxyalkanoáty (PHA). Cílem této práce byla charakterizace adaptovaných bakteriálních kmenů na vybrané selekční tlaky. Pro evoluční experimenty byly vybrány dvě bakterie, Cupriavidus necator H16 a Halomonas halophila. Selekční tlaky, kterými se působilo na bakterie byly měďnaté kationty (Cu2+) a chlorid sodný (NaCl) pro C. necator H16, a kyselina octová (AA) a levulová (LA) pro H. halophila. Adaptované kmeny byly v průběhu dlouhodobých evolučních experimentů charakterizovány co do obsahu PHA a jeho Mw pomocí analýz GC-FID a SEC-MALS. Dále byl studován růst jednotlivých adaptovaných kmenů měřením optické hustoty. Pomocí spektrálního FC byla následně změřena procenta živých buněk po vystavení bakterií vybraným stresovým faktorům. Byly stanoveny specifické enzymové aktivity vybraných enzymů citrátového a glyoxalátového cyklu, enzymů generujících NADPH, enzymu zapojeného do metabolismu LA a enzymů biosyntézy PHA. U všech experimentů byly adaptované kmeny porovnávány s kmeny divokými. Optimální adaptace se projevila u bakterie C. necator H16 na Cu2+. Bakterie H. halophila byla na závěr kultivována v hydrolyzátu z lignocelulózových odpadů, kdy bylo zjištěno, že adaptovaný kmen H. halophila na LA je schopen produkovat více PHA než kmen původní.
|
host ::
RSS.