|
Value and attitude of nursing for the public.
MAŇHALOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical Framework Although the beginnings of nursing reach deep into our history, nursing is a relatively young profession. In the course of human history nursing has been influenced by many factors that have changed public values and attitudes to nursing issues and to providing the most effective nursing care. Nursing is focused on an active search and satisfying biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the sick and healthy people in the care of their health. The main representative of nursing practice is Florence Nightingale, who has affected health care throughout the world. She is considered the founder of modern nursing, because she has elevated nursing to such a profession that is as important as that of a physician. Aims of the Thesis To compile the thesis three goals were set. 1) To find out the views and ideas of the general and professional public on the nursing profession. 2) To determine the views of the general and professional public on what the most important and effective procedures in nursing are. 3) To identify what the general and professional public expect nursing can provide to modern society and how nursing can contribute to its development. Methods Used To compile the diploma thesis a quantitative method using interviews through questionnaires was applied. The data collection technique was snowball sampling. Based on the initial pilot study two forms of the survey were determined, for the professional and the general public. The professional public was represented by nurses working in primary care, home care, in hospitals and other medical facilities. The general public was represented by people who visit general practitioners, use home care services, hospitalized patients and other general public. Results The results of the thesis have helped explain opinions of the public and their attitudes to nursing care. They can be used as background material for teaching nursing subjects or as a contribution to professional seminars, courses and conferences dealing with this issue. The answers to the hypotheses are discussed in detail in the research section of the thesis. Based on the statistically processed data the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: By the general public nursing is perceived rather as a profession focused on maternity care than as a professional discipline. H1 was confirmed. H2: As for the general public, men´s perception of nurses as nursing representatives is different from women´s perception of nurses as nursing representatives. H2 was confirmed. H3: The professional public perceive the profession as a mission, unlike the general public, who take it more as a matter of routine from the part of nurses. H3 was confirmed. H4: The professional public perceive the attitude of the general public towards nursing more positively than the general public themselves. H4 was not confirmed. H5: Nurses´ strengths are perceived more than their weaknesses by the general public. H5 was not confirmed. H6: To the public the value of nursing depends on how the professional public express satisfaction with the care provided by their colleagues. H6 was confirmed. H7: Education is a fundamental value of nursing more from the perspective of the professional public than from the perspective of the general public. H7 was not confirmed. H8: The potential contribution of nursing to modern society from the perspective of professional public is higher than from the perspective of the general public. H8 was not confirmed. H9: The general public´s view on the value of nursing is directly dependent on the image of nursing presented by the media. H9 was confirmed. Conclusion The benefit of this work is publication of the findings related to opinions and ideas of today´s society on nursing and pointing to the issue and identification of weak parts.
|
|
Cannabies and results of its use
UHROVÁ, Zdeňka
The theoretical part of the thesis reveals the history of Cannabis, gives basic characteristics of Cannabis-based drugs and their sorts. Hereafter, the active substances of marihuana and manifestations of intoxication are quoted. The main emphasis is put on the description of risks related to the use of this soft drug. The medical, mental and social risks are commented. One chapter is dedicated to applicable legislation. Consecutively, various approaches of drug politics and its specifics are mentioned. The attention is also paid to the prevention and subsequently te the assistance to the drug users. The practical part of thesis is focused on the public and professional opinion referring to the possible risks of marihuana use. The attention is paid to the general attitude to this drug as well. Subsequently, the opinions of both contrary parties are compared.
|
|
The Analysis of Senior's Opinions on Self-treatment by Painkillers Focused on Ibuprofen
Růžková, Barbora ; Doseděl, Martin (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Růžková Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Matoulková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: The Analysis of Senior's Opinions on Self-treatment by Painkillers Focused on Ibuprofen Background: The development of ibuprofen is one of the most successful points in pharmaceutical industry. Ibuprofen was developed by pharmacologist Dr. Stewart Adams and chemist John Nicolson. Ibuprofen has had forty years of history and nowadays, it is still the most popular product among professional and laic public. Aim of study: To do recherché concerning self-treatment by painkillers focused on ibuprofen to find out knowledge and experiences with self-treatment by painkillers; to find out the sources of information and their preferences. Methods: I made observable cross - sectional study in Liberecký and Středočeský regions. In the first step, I tested questionnaire in pre-research. In the second step I visited homes for seniors and I applied standardised conversation with questionnaire list. I talked with senior above 60 years. The research was anonymous passed of April to August. Results: The professional on the self-treatment and dosage of painkillers is a doctor, significant role has nurse, and pharmacist was in...
|
|
The importance of state and independent organizations in help to domestic violence victims.
VITOUŠOVÁ, Vendula
The theme of my Bachelor Thesis is "Importance of the Governmental and Nongovernmental Institutions in Help to the Victims of Domestic Violence." The Thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The latter is divided in five chapters. The first chapter defines the concept of domestic violence and describes the basic signs and forms important to recognize this phenomenon. Furthermore you can find here the most common myths and the characteristics of those involved in the domestic violence. Last but not the least; the work refers to the interdisciplinary cooperation. The second chapter describes the consequences the victims can face. The third chapter aims at granting assistance to the nongovernmental institution. Another chapter presents the relevant legal regulations of the Czech Republic, and the last one concentrates on the institutional actors, especially the police, court and the body of social and legal protection of children. The practical part concentrated on three aims. So as to fulfil the first one ``Confrontation of the Competence and Possible Measures of the Governmental and Nongovernmental Institutions Used in Protection of Those Endangered by the Domestic Violence{\crq}q, we chose the quality research and the technique of semi-structured interview. The research sample was made up by three representatives of governmental and three of nongovernmental institutions; eight questions were set in all. The last, eighth question gave an answer to the third aim {--} whether all the specialists had been trained sufficiently. So as to reach the second aim, we also chose the quality research and the technique of telephone interview. In this case, the research sample was made up by six victims. The Appendix contains the list of the information centres; there are fifteen of them within the Czech Republic at present. Moreover, the Appendix includes the Safety Plan and the statistics of the White Circle of Safety for the year 2009. On the basis of the research we set the hypotheses which are described in the chapter of Discussion. The Thesis aims were fulfilled. The Thesis might be a source both for the general public and those endangered by the domestic violence. I believe that there are a lot of inspiring and important information for the specialists in this problem.
|
|
Therapeutic hypotermia after cardiac arrest
JIRCOVÁ, Danuše
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of a mild therapeutic hypothermia as a hospital post-resuscitation care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation for non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Therapeutic hypothermia is a relatively new method. It is part of the European Guidelines for resuscitation since 2005. It was reported its positive effects on the neurological status of the patients. Using the method reduces the damage to the brain and cardiac muscle. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the effect of mild hypothermia on the human body. Specifies the indication and contraindication criteria for initiation of therapeutic hypothermia, describes cooling methods of the patient and ways to terminate the therapeutic hypothermia. Describes the monitoring of physiological functions and nursing care of patients. The practical part of bachelor thesis mapped the procedures used in the administration of therapeutic hypothermia in patients treated in two large hospitals. These were Fakultní nemocnice Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague and Nemocnice Ceske Budejovice, a.s. The applied strategy of the research was qualitative. Content analysis of 10 case reports were carried out, 5 case reports from each hospital. Case reports concerning patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, who were treated using the therapeutic hypothermia as a part of hospital care. The aim of this thesis was to map the procedures used in the therapeutic hypothermia administration in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It was made available by hospitals after approval by ethics committees on the basis of applications submitted. The information was subsequently created into case studies that were analysed in the categorization tables. In the discussion, the results were compared with the published knowledge provided in the theoretical part of the thesis, and were commented. Analysed were: the composition of the group of patients by age and gender, provide the basic life support by witnesses prior to arrival of crew of the emergency medical service on scene, initial ECG rhythm after emergency medical service arrival, the time elapsed since the cardiac arrest appeared to restore of spontaneous circulation, initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in pre-hospital care, time elapsed since the therapeutic hypothermia start up to reaching the target body temperature, duration of the therapeutic hypothermia, the methods used for cooling the patients, the methods used for measuring the body temperature and neurological status at the time of discharge or transfer from the hospital. The results of the research surprisingly showed that general public are well-informed. Witnesses were able to recognize cardiac arrest, early called in professional help and were willing to give heart massage. This shows also the success in implementing the method of medical dispatcher-assisted basic life support in practice, because the witnesses were in many cases instructed by the medical dispatchers to resuscitate the patient. The majority of patient's initial ECG rhythm were diagnosed as ventricular fibrillation. Time to restoration of spontaneous circulation in most cases ranged within 29 minutes. To achieve the target body temperature at the recommended time limit has managed to half of patients. Target body temperature was always kept within the recommended timeframe and core body temperature was monitored. Concerns raised by an absence of the method start up in pre-hospital emergency care. The thesis highlighted the seriousness of sudden cardiac arrest and the high incidence of patients dismissed from the department with severe neurological deficit. Therefore, it is necessary to continue in research of this method, improve it and try to incorporate it already to pre-hospital care.
|
|
The specifics of pediatric radiology
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Veronika
Hardly anything is able to induce stronger emotions in the average man than those induced by matters relating to children. Paediatric patients are not little adults, so not only high-quality modern instrumentation and specific procedures, but also the medical staff?s professional attitude and an adapted environment are desirable when applying radiologic diagnostic imaging techniques. The priority requirement is generally to minimize the radiation burden ? both the overall dose and especially the gonadal dose. In terms of radiation protection, it applies twice to children that the indication for the use of an examination must always be thoroughly considered. A paediatric radiologist must always accurately determine the correct sequence of individual methods (a so-called examination algorithm) that will give the best diagnostic result with the lowest radiation burden and invasiveness. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis was to analyze the difference in a radiology assistant?s approach to a child and to an adult during radiology examinations and to determine whether a child and his/her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information when the child undergoes radiology examinations. To clear up the aims of the bachelor?s thesis, research using a technique in which two questionnaires were used was used to collect data. The questionnaires were in both the printed form and the electronic form. The surveys took place in selected radiology departments in Strakonice, in Pisek, in Plzeň, and in Ústí nad Labem. The respondents chose from the answer options for some questions and filled in their answers for the others. The respondents? answers are represented using graphs in the ?Results? chapter. The individual graphs are described there and the most interesting answers to questionnaire questions are supplemented by general thoughts and my personal assumptions and opinions in the following ?Discussion? chapter. The practical part of the bachelor?s thesis proves that the aim of the thesis was achieved. The research questions were answered. The surveys found that the answer to the first research question, i.e. whether radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult when applying radiological imaging methods, was ?yes?. Radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult. The answer to the second research question, i.e. whether a child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations, is also positive. A child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations. I have summarised the results of my work in the ?Conclusion? chapter. Further, the surveys found that persons accompanying a child perceive the environment of radiology departments as a friendly, safe and comfortable environment. The only lack of accompanying persons? awareness that could be perceived negatively from the results of the questionnaires within this bachelor?s thesis is the finding that the lay public is not clear about the amount of radiation received during certain radiological examinations (CTs and X-ray examinations) and that the possibility of buying the record of a radiological examination on a CD is not generally known. There is room for active radiology workers who are interested in raising public awareness about radiology examinations. This bachelor?s thesis proved that also lay persons accompanying children are interested in being a part of the team, trying to achieve a beneficial result of the examination. The purpose of the bachelor?s thesis was to prepare a comprehensive text on issues of specifics in paediatric radiology that can be used as supplementary material when examining children.
|
|
Nursing care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
MINAŘÍKOVÁ, Veronika
The theme of this work is acute as the most common cause of death in most Western European countries is a cardiac arrest. Mortality after an arrest outside hospital is around 65- 95% and 40- 50% after an cardiac arrest in hospital. The prognosis is uncertain, but it could be improved by early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As everyone can encounter a situation in which they should be able to use parts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is therefore necessary to know its basic principles and to be able to help a person in life-threatening situations. Early and proper first aid is usually life-saving, and therefore laic and professional knowledge of resuscitation is crucial. The emphasis, which is based on the results of many studies, shifts to the fastest and most effective action on the site of the accident. The importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and nursing care for the patient during this phase led to the elaboration of the theoretical work Nursing Care of Patients after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The first chapter of this thesis deals with the basic characteristics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in the second chapter describes compact nursing care. Therefore, the third chapter of this thesis deals with the ethical and legal aspects of the decision making about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As it is a psychological burden that threatens medical staff with stress and burnout, the last chapter is devoted to the mental stress of nurses who take care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The first objective of this theoretical bachelor thesis was, based on the literature sources, to map comprehensively the care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This includes mapping techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation according to the latest recommendations, and then mapping the complex nursing care of the patient after successfully restored blood circulation. Given that death has become unacceptable in today's society and is perceived as a failure of medicine, the medical personnel are faced with a difficult situation. Still more and more progress and achievements in the treatment give the public the feeling that medicine is omnipotent. But keep in mind the possible downsides of the success in the treatment, sometimes at the expense of the quality of the patient's life. Therefore, the second aim of this study was to map comprehensively the ethical and legal aspects of the decision to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For the theoretical part of the thesis, the method of design and demonstrations was chosen. To obtain the awareness of the latest recommendations in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the subsequent comprehensive care of the patient after the restoration of spontaneous circulation, and ethical and legal aspects of the decision to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is captured in the following pages, was necessary to study bibliographic publications from experts in the field of anesthesia, resuscitation, law and ethics, as well as Czech and foreign professional journals and articles. Through the detailed study of the professional literature, it has been attempted to give a relevant statement about the ascertained facts. The information obtained is further elaborated in the individual chapters. The study is theoretical and is intended primarily for healthcare professionals in the care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Finally, the thesis contains the area of mental health and struggle with stress and burnout. The theme of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is still acute, since today's modern society is full of lifestyle diseases, full of stress and haste, which can threaten individuals with a sudden loss of vital functions; whatever the cause of the problems is.
|
|
Social role: Nurse
SMYČKOVÁ, Iva
We elaborated our work named ``Social role: Nurse{\crqq} on the basis of a theoretical part by making a research among nurses and laics, both from the hospitalised and not hospitalised part of the general public. We concluded from the obtained results that the society{\crq}s evaluation of nurses is mainly positive; nurses are highly regarded not only by their patients but also by the public that is not hospitalised at the moment. When asking how respondents view the status and image of nurses we encountered a more positive assessment from the public than from the nurses themselves. Therefore we assume that nurses view themselves in the eye of the society worse than they are perceived in reality.
|
|
Media and society
Kianicová, Lucia ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Havlík, Radomír (referee)
This thesis aims to discuss the main political and public aspects in the frame of media development and their changes, which are recalled by media. Political competition and its market behaviour is nowadays very naturally predisposed. Decision-making processes in the political sphere attract the attention not just by the experts, but also by wide and laic community. Behaviour of political leaders is influcnced by several changes approving in the political sphere and its circles. The global approach to media plays the key role, at the hand of political circles, which candidates directly and very hard appeal in all the elector's groups. Also very important factor here is a wide expansion of informative technologies. Racionalization of elective behaviour becomes very often in these days, what in many cases means that voters are still more sceptical to the relationship of the political scenes and its candidates. The more voices belong to that candidates who the voters think about, they refer the most interesting political pre-voting marketing and campaign. These changes shown, lead to the claim, that political parties direct their campaign by the hand of the base of marketing rules. The concept about the consequence of political communication leads to the rising interest of mass media and policy. The...
|
|
Life of townsmen of Soběslav in years 1525-1550 from the point of view of their testaments
Říhová, Hana ; Hrubá, Michaela (referee) ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor)
The diploma work "Life ofTownsmen oj Soběslav in years 1525 - 1550 from the point oj view oj thJir testaments" is based on survey of extant last wills of men and woman, available for the tracked period in the State District Archiv (Státní okresní archiv) in Tábor. Is brings the set of early modem testaments and estate indices of Townsmen of Soběslav to the laic public and professionals, it maps testamentary practice in survile town, allows to leam the way of life of folk people, vocational and social stratification of early modem comunities and financial management of single housholds. In this rare way it points sout the relation of men to the God, their way of thinking and sensing the world on the threshold of life, mutual relationships in a family and connections to its closest relatives.
|
guest ::
