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How long would it have to an old Skoda car to drive, that produced as many emissions as produced the production of new environmental car
Jurečková, Šárka ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor)
This thesis covers primarily the detection of operating emission of an old Škoda Felicia car and the emission produced during the manufacturing of a new Toyota Prius, as the selected representative of an ecological car. The thesis also touches on hybrid technology in itself, the question of the greenness of hybrid cars, sphere of emission, but also related problems so called "scrapping" and its influence on environment and also current situation in automobile industry. The target of this study is calculation of operation time of an old Škoda Felicia during which the CO2 emission will reach the same amount of emission produced during manufacturing of a Toyota Prius. The objective is to point out incompetent and therefore not always serious comparison of cars greenness when only the operating CO2 is being compared. Other energy consumption and therefore also the greenhouse gases production is related with the car manufacturing, raw material extraction, petroleum processing and other economic sectors affected by production. Emission laboratory measurement executed by TÜV SÜD Czech discovered that the old Škoda produces 260m/km CO2 during its real running time. For the emission calculation was used an American model EIO-LCA created by Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University that records ecological influence of car production, in stated amount, on all economy sectors. The outputs are quoted in CO2 equivalent. According to this model during manufacturing of 1 hybrid car 13.5 t of CO2e (equivalent CO2). is produced. Recalculation found out that the old Škoda Felicia could run for more than 5 years in order to produce as much emission as the manufacturing of new Toyota Prius third generation.
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Analysis of the implementation of scrapping scheme from the perspective of sustainable development
Balounová, Veronika ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Branžovský, Antonín (referee)
The theme of the thesis is scrapping scheme, which was in the Czech Republic during years 2009 and 2010 very discussed and that was despite government meetings stretching over a year finally unloaded. The work collect a large amount of information about scrapping schemes, a state contribution on the disposal of car wrecks, mainly about its implementation in several countries, the subsequent tract and analysis of resulting impacts. Based on experience from other countries with an already undertaken scrapping programs are identified potential impacts that could have a scrapping scheme in the case of implementation in the Czech Republic in the future. The work is also examining the effectiveness of Czech government finance earmarked for scrapping scheme. The main goal of the thesis is to answer the question whether the implementation of scrapping scheme in the Czech Republic would be an appropriate anti-crisis tool.
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Analysis of the Influence of Emissions Trading on Investment Decisions in the Firm
Knesplová, Jana ; Hadrabová, Alena (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
This paper deals with issues in the influence emission trading has on investment decisions. It explains the system of emissions trading and focuses on the emergence and development of European emissions trading and describes its influence on the Czech Republic. It briefly describes questions of investment decisions in a company, in particular the methods and criteria of investment decisions. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the influence of emissions trading on investment decisions. The analysis is made using investment projects in a real company. With the help of economic evaluation of investments, it classifies variations of investment projects when the influence of emission trading is excluded or with different prices of emission allowances. Using this analysis, I will try to prove that emissions trading can disadvantage some investments, which would otherwise be economically effective and feasible.
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Stomatal development under variable environmental conditions
HOŠTIČKOVÁ, Irena
It is necessary for plants to adapt to variable environment conditions to be able to grow and to propagate themselves. One of the most important environmental factors is water availability. The main role in regulation of transpiration play stomata ? microscopic pores, which control gas exchange (mainly CO2, H2O, O2) between internal and external leaf environment. Number of stomata at the leaf epidermis is influenced by lots of environmental factors, e.g. atmospheric CO2 concentration, irradiance, air humidity, temperature etc. In this thesis I was aiming to study the influence of atmospheric CO2 concentration on stomatal development of Lepidium sativum L. and the influence of irradiance on stomatal development in Hordeum vulgare L.
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Vascular disorders of gastrointestinal tract - Diagnostics and endovascular therapy
MOKRÁ, Michaela
An important group of diseases affecting gastrointestinal tract is derived from impaired function of the blood vessels. These disorders involve bleeding (arterial and venous), aneurysms and intestinal ischaemia. Interventional approaches to treat gastrointestinal haemorrhage differ in arterial and venous bleedings. In treatment of arterial bleeding, embolization techniques are utilized for selective occlusion of a damaged artery. In case of venous varices, transjugular intrahepatic portosystem shunt (TIPS) must be introduced. Chronic mesenteric ischaemia is relieved by angioplasty with a stent placement. Endovascular extraction in acute intestinal ischaemia is performed with aspiration thrombectomy of the blood clot at the site of peripheral vascular occlusion. In our department, we treated 99 patients with disorders of gastrointestinal blood vessels in the course of two years. In 27 patients, we searched for the cause of arterial bleeding (in 33.3%, the bleeding was not confirmed). We performed 24 embolizations. In 55 patients, TIPS was placed; of these, additional embolization of portosystemic collateral was performed in 44 patients. Two patients suffering with mesenteric ischaemia were treated with PTA and stent placement. Seven patients with intestinal ischaemia were treated with the use of aspiration thrombectomy with a promising result - a complete recanalization was reached in 4 cases. Nowadays, endovascular therapy is a method of choice in therapy of vascular disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In correct indications, endovascular therapy represents a save and effective method that shows a relatively good technical and clinical efficacy.
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Separace uhlovodíků a CO2 na zeolitických MFI membránách
Dung Cong, T. ; Fíla, V. ; Hrabánek, Pavel ; Cílová, Z. ; Zikánová, Arlette
MFI zeolite membranes were prepared on stainless steel and ceramic supports by using hydrothermal synthesis method. The synthesized zeolite layers were compact and composed of randomly oriented crystals. Single component gases such as He, N2, CO2, SF6, CH4, i-C4H10, n-C4H10 and SF6 were used to test membrane permeation and separation characteristics. The effects of temperature and pressure drop on the separation properties of the membranes were also investigated using Wicke-Kallenbach method. Separation factors measured for CO2/CH4 and butane isomer mixtures were in the range of 1.2 – 4.1 and 5 – 20, respectively, depending on the operating conditions of the experiments and particular membranes.
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Analysis of parallel regulatory action of emission trading system, environmental related taxation and charges
Pavlásková, Šárka ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
The graduation theses is focused on problems of reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are contributing to acceleration of climate change. From 2005 the EU ETS cames into force, but many economics subjects, which yield to this system of regulation, have to pay environmental taxes as well, because individual member states have adopted own approaches to the problem of abatement emission. Economic subject then face to double burden and that is why they complains. Double steering and double burden should be avoided by reducing and removing the existing CO2 taxation schemes, because it brings inefficiency - like very high cots of abatement emission.
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Aktuální vývoj na světovém trhu emisemi skleníkových plynů
Vlček, Ondřej ; Dostálová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
Rostoucí emise skleníkových plynů přispívají k urychlování klimatické změny. Jednotlivé státy k řešení tohoto problému přistupují různými způsoby. Prozatím jediným globálním přístupem je Kjótský protokol. Kjótský protokol navrhuje k řešení klimatické změny využití flexibilních nástrojů - emisního obchodování a projektových mechanismů. Teorie i dosavadní praxe dokládá ekonomickou výhodnost těchto nástrojů. Použití systémů obchodování s emisemi skleníkových plynů se rozšiřuje i v zemích, které neratifikovaly Kjótský protokol. Práce hodnotí mimoevropské povinné systémy emisního obchodování zavedené i plánované.
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