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Nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease
Mokrejšová, Andrea ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Nutritional therapy is very significant for dialysis patients. The basis of the diet in hemodialysis treatment is a sufficient energy intake, increased protein intake, which corresponds to the needs of the dialysis patient. It can be difficult for patients to grasp a change in their diet compared to the period of pre-dialysis treatment, constant monitoring of all dietary restrictions due to insufficient filtration capacity of the kidneys, and at the same time compiling a still varied and balanced diet. For this reason, it is more than desirable for patients to be provided with the possibility of regular nutritional education and consultation. This individual care is essential for improving the quality of the patient's life and adequate support for hemodialysis treatment. This work aims to evaluate the change in the composition of the diet of hemodialysis patients after regular nutritional education. In addition to the adjustment of eating habits, other anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to the nutritional status of dialysis patients were also monitored. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their preferences. The first monitored group recorded their meals by hand or electronically. Patients from the second control group did not record their diet, instead they tried to...
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Laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes with the focus on lactose intolerance
Pluhařová, Apolena ; Kocna, Petr (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes. Especially the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance. The golden standard for the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance is the breath test. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance (LI) using a lactose breath test when consuming a dose of 20 g of lactose in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and in volunteers who do not show gastrointestinal problems. Part of the research was also to examine the symptoms that led the individual to see a doctor and undergo a lactose breath test. The method consisted in the evaluation of the results of breath tests, which were performed on patients and volunteers in the gastroenterological laboratory of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General Hospital. A questionnaire was given to everyone to evaluate the symptoms of LI and the phenomena leading to malabsorption. Lactose intolerance was confirmed in 92 % of patients and 79 % of volunteers. The most reported symptoms in the patient sample were typical gastrointestinal LI-related problems: gastric and intestinal problems after milk consumption (85 % of patients), gastric and intestinal problems after consumption of dairy products (85 % of patients),...
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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Manifestation in Infants with Allergic Colitic
Weidenthalerová, Edita ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of clinical manifestations in infants with allergic colitis and their overall nutritional status, anthropometry, blood count and antibodies against cow's milk proteins. Allergic colitis is one of the most common manifestations of infant allergy to cow`s milk protein with gastrointestinal involvement. The theoretical part summarizes the anthropometric evaluation of growth and development, infant nutrition, the most important laboratory indicators of nutritional status. The part is generally devoted to food allergies, mainly allergy to cow's milk protein. The practical part deals with the evaluation of a sample of examined patients in gastroenterology outpatient clinics and nutritional outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague. The observed group of infants with allergic colitis includes infants exclusively breastfed, breastfed by a mother following a non-dairy diet, infants on an extensive hydrolyzate or on an amino acid formula. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to trace the most common clinical manifestations and whether there are any changes in their nutritional status during the disease and its treatment. A total of 45 randomly...
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Eating disorders and the importance of nutrition
Dvořáková, Barbora ; Teofil, Alena (advisor) ; Slabá, Šárka (referee)
This bachelor thesis encompasses problematics of eating disorders, primarily anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The beginning of the theoretical parts approached eating disorder, their definition and risk factors. The main part of the thesis is focuses on the treatment of eating disordes with cooperation team of professionals. The chapter on therapy is mainly focused on the role dietitian in treatmeant mental anorexia and mental bulimia. The thesis describes an evaluation of the nutritional status, forms of realimentation and a suitable diet. Next chapter define health complications that are an integral part of the disease. Conclusion of the theoretical part explains the term of relapse and includes the points how to prevent it. Practical part consists of an interview with respondents who have an experience with eating disorders. The aim of this research is to find out how nutritional therapist proceeded in the treatment of their diseases and how important was the cooperation with him for them. Next aim was to find out if the respondents eat according to the recommended advice now. Keywords: eating disorders, nutrition therapy, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, therapy
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Knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus about nutrition and physical activity
Valentová, Lucie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the knowledge of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this work is to determine how well these patients are educated about type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on both the duration of the disease and whether they attend a nutritional therapist. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about diabetes mellitus. There is a marginal description of pancreatic function and the history, definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, screening, therapy and associated complications, both acute and chronic, are discussed in more detail. As part of type 2 diabetes therapy there is the most discussed non-pharmacological treatment, which includes dietary measures and physical activity. The practical part was formulated on the basis of quantitative research, which was carried out using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from November 2019 to March 2020. 150 questionnaires were distributed to different inpatient departments and clinics in Jičín Hospital. 106 completed questionnaires were returned, but 24 of them had to be rejected due to incomplete or incorrect completion. The research sample...
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Low-protein diet and physical activity in the pre-dialysis period in patients with chronic kidney disease
Pavlínová, Kristýna ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Low-protein diet is one of the methods of conservative therapies or medical treatments of chronic kidney disease in predialysis. The goal of the diet is to compensate renal dysfunction together with coverage of nutritional requirement of the patient. The diet is based on reduction or food substitution of nutrients which giving rise to metabolic complications, not on reduction of food amount in general. Dietary measures focus mainly on protein reduction to 0,6-0,8 g/kg/day. Correctly prescribed nutrition should not lead to malnutririon. More further, the diet therapy is focused on reduction of sodium, potassium and phosphorus intake. Calcium intake depends on actual calcaemia of the patient. Amount of fluid intake is prescripted by a doctor, based on diuresis. The aim of nutritional therapy is to keep optimal nutritional status of the patient and minimize complications associated to chronic kidney disease. The task of the dietitan is to educate the patient in a field of prescripted diet principles and potential risks related to protein restriction. Regular physical activity should be a part of conservative therapy in case of predialysis. Regular physical activity helps to keep muscle strength, muscle mass and physical condition of the patient. The main aim of the fieldwork was to discover aspects of...
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Gout diet
KOZÁK, Martin
This Bachelor's thesis, that is concerned with the disease gout, is divided into 3 parts. Theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to the description of this disease, including its treatment and related diet measures, which have to be followed. Part of this study is a research of respondents with gout disease. This research was made as an interview with the respondents and it discovers necessary information including their diet. Results of this research are described at the end of this thesis and it shows that gout disease cannot be treated only with pharmaceutical means, but it is important to follow appropriate diet including an overall change of a life style
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Eating habits of health care professionals
Bičianová, Michaela ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of nutrition therapists and nurses and with influence of shift work on boarding of nurses. It also dedicates to risks of eating disorders in both groups. It consists of two parts. In the theoretical part are described principles of healthy eating, issues of shift work and characteristic of eating disorders. The practical part uses the questionnaire to find out how the dietary habits of nutrition therapists and nurses differ. The aim is to find out whether nutrition therapists eat better than nurses on the basis of their education, and how shift work affects boarding of nurses. The results are processed into graphs and tables. The results show that general nutritional recommendations follow more nutrition therapists than nurses. Furthermore the questionnaire shows that more than 50% of nurses eats irregularly and the main reason for skipping meals during the night shift is lack of time. It has also been found that a large percentage of nutrition therapists have begun to study their field to get more information about nutrition. It has been confirmed that both nutrition therapists and nurses are in risk group for eating disorders. keywords: eating habits, nutrition, dietary recommendations, nutritional therapy, nurses, eating disorders
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Evaluation of Nutrition of Patiens Suffering from Dysphagia
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Radka
The bachelor thesis is focused on nourishment of dysphagic patients in a particular medical facility. The theoretical part serves to explain the problems of swallowing disorders, it deals with anatomy, swallowing physics and nutrition of dysphagic patients. The research focuses on anamnesis of individual patients, description and evaluation of their menus. The aim of this thesis was to make sure that the selected patients are saturated with the necessary amount of nutrients, and to find out what technological and special processes are being used to prepare the meals for these patients. The objectives have been achieved through qualitative research. I used the information mainly from medical documentation and from nutritional therapists, eventually from nursing staff. In exceptional cases, it was possible to talk to the patient or his / her family. The menus, which were subsequently evaluated in Nutriservis Professional nutrition software, were received from nutritional therapists. I noticed the total daily energy intake, the amount of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, and the technology used. Nutrition for patients suffering from dysphagia should be seen as a problem that can occur in both health and social facilities of all kinds. Many patients live with swallowing difficulties on a long-term basis at home. However, appropriate handling of swallowing problems can significantly contribute to the overall improvement of the patient's condition. The bachelor thesis can be used as an information material for professional public, medical staff or patients suffering from dysphagia and their relatives.
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Eating Patterns in Patients with Bariatric Metabolic Surgery
Hanušková, Daniela ; Daňková, Martina (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric metabolic surgery is recognized as a very effective treatment for obesity, performed when the preceding conventional treatment failed or when significant obesity-related complications occured. Diploma thesis is focused on a current practice of dietitians providing nutritional care in weight-loss surgery (WLS), as they play an important role in a multidisciplinary medical team by performing a clinical nutritional evaluation, education and long-term nutritional follow-up. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to present eating habits in patients of the 3rd Medical Department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, in 6 and 12 months after the surgery and to evaluate its accordance to existing nutritional strategies and evidence-base guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study is focused on nutritional assessment and therapy in management of obesity in 13 patients 6 months post-WLS (M6: 31 % female, 69 % male; mean age 49 ± 8,56 years; mean body weight 119,3 ± 16,64 kg; mean BMI 39,7 ± 6,05 kg/m2 ) and in 17 patients 12 months post-WLS (Y1: 71 % female, 29 % male; age 53 ± 8,01 years; body weight 114,9 ± 31,72 kg; BMI 39,3 ± 6,75 kg/m2 ) together with a control group without surgery (age 47 ± 15 years; body weigh...
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