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Evaluation of forest calamites using the remote sensing data
Chrást, Josef ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Jedlička, Jan (referee)
Evaluation of forest calamities using the remote sensing data Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate possibilities of medium-spatial resolution satellite data assimilation for monitoring of the forest disturbances. The aim of the study is to monitore the bark beetle outbreak in the Šumava Mountains. For this purpose were used eight MERIS scenes from 2002 to 2009. Spectral response of the damaged spruce stands has been analyzed on the based of the values of selected vegetation indices (NDVI, LAI, LAI.Cab, fCover, fAPAR and three newly defined indices) and their temporal progress. The results were compared with values for healthy forests. The values of spectral indices have shown the ability of data MERIS to monitor forest disturbances at regionale scale.
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Characterization of fungal community in spruce (Picea abies) litter using cultivation and T-RFLP
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brabcová, Vendula (referee)
Fungi have a key role in the decomposition of coniferous litter and affect nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Therefore, great emphasis is placed on exploring the diversity of these organisms. The aim of this thesis was to describe fungal diversity in spruce litter and revealed temporal development of this community in a forest regenerating after bark beetle outbreak. Another objective was to compare sites with different length of bark beetle damage. The study area was located in the Bohemian Forest mountain range. Litter bags with spruce needles were placed on the forest soil and several samplings were performed in the course of three years. Diversity of fungi and changes in the fungal community were assessed by two methods: cultivation of needles on 2ř MEA and fingerprinting method T-RFLP. In total 71 fungal species were obtained from needles during a three-year succession by cultivation approach. Using T-RFLP 122 different fragments were generally recorded. The dominant species were Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Thysanophora penicillioides, Hormonema dematiodes, Ceuthospora pinastri, species of genus Chalara, Trichoderma polysporum, Mycena galopus and unknown species Helotiales sp. 1. Primary saprotrophs occured in the community mainly in first 8 months and then were replaced by basidiomycetes....
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Long-term disturbances in temperate mountain forests and their representation in various proxy data
Pavlišová, Adéla ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Moravcová, Alice (referee)
In this work, I present the main disturbance agents affecting temperate mountain forests in Central Europe - wind, bark beetles and fires, and I draw attention to their interdependence. I primarily deal with the description of disturbances, their consequences, ecological contribution, and climate influence on their action. With climatic warming, the extent, intensity, and frequency of disturbances increase. Hence, it is important to understand their role in the past to prepare for the future development of our forests. Proxy data (indirect data) provide past evidence for disturbances, but their interpretation value differs. They inform us about a different time and spatial scale with varying degrees of accuracy. All the methods that I mention in my work provide us, to some extent, with climate proxy data that is closely related to the disturbance regime. Only some directly prove the disturbance, for example, through sedimentary charcoals findings. My work aimed at indicating possible complications but also the advantages that arise when combining individual methods.
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Legal regulation of forest protection in the context of bark beetle outbreak and climate change
Matoušek, Oliver ; Pokorný, Jiří (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Legal regulation of forest protection in the context of bark beetle outbreak and climate change The aim of this thesis is to analyse current legal regulation of forest protection in Czech law, primarily areas related to ongoing bark beetle outbreak with the focus on forest management. In the interest of presenting the topic in its broader context, elementary aspects of forestry and other nature sciences are briefly discussed. Author also evaluates and gives his opinions on the current legal regulation and its imperfections throughout the thesis. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part serves as a brief introduction into the subject matter of the thesis i.e. legal regulation regarding forest protection. The first chapter of this part discusses the term "forest" from the point of view of natural sciences and details the importance of forest and different forest functions. Second chapter of the first part discusses factors harmful to forests, mainly bark beetles, droughts and climate change and the concurrent effect of those factors. Second part of the thesis maps the evolution of Czech legal regulation and tries to find parallels between previous and today's legal regulation. Oldest discussed legal document is the Maiestas Carolina of the 14th century. Thesis then moves on to the...
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The impact of a bark beetle gradation on the occurrence and feeding ecology of a three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in the Šumava National Park
Navrátil, Martin ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The main objective of this study was to find factors that influence the occurrence of three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in Šumava at a time when the bark beetle gradation caused by Kyrill subside. The research was conducted on five transects. To prove the presence of three-toed woodpecker was opted the method of an acoustic provocation, which reliability was well proven. The hypothesis was that the three-toed woodpecker prefers the trees infested by bark beetle instead of healthy trees. Surprisingly, however, he also prefered the stands where the main attack took place several years ago. Regardless of their health status the tree- toed woodpecker preferred non-intervention stands instead of the on- going management forest. Among other factors, the exposure was applied (preferred south and west) and elevation (median, minimum altitude of about 1100 m.). Another important result is that Picoides tridactylus prefers for its food stands still alive or just dead spruce trees infested by the bark beetle. Overall, it appears that the three-toed species has narrowly defined biotope demands, which are linked to the natural spruce forest unaffected by people. The results of this study could be used to better understanding of the ecology three-toed woodpecker, eventually can help to create a...
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Assessments of forest damage using satellite and LIDAR data
Lihanová, Kristýna ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Bartaloš, Tomáš (referee)
Assessment of forest damage using satellite and lidar data Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to create a methodical procedure used for the evaluation of forest damage in the chosen area of the National Park Sumava, Czech Republic. In this work were combined the multispectral satellite data and data of airborne laser scanning. The forests in this area are heavily damaged mainly due to bark beetle outbreak. You can find here as healthy so damaged forests. Based on this methodology will be differentiated greater number of classes than I found in the literature. In this work was used pansharpened multispectral image SPOT, multispectral image Landsat and airborne laser scanning data with low density points. Another task was to get height information from ALS data in the form of grid. Forest stands were classified using object-oriented classification, which included at first segmentation and then creation of classification base. In classification entered spectral information and height information obtained from the ALS data. Forests were classified into 5 classes and accuracy of both classifications was evaluated using the error matrix and kappa coefficient. SPOT image classification reached kappa coefficient of 68,5 % and Landsat image classification reached kappa coefficient of 72,3 %. From the...
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Characterization of fungal community in spruce (Picea abies) litter using cultivation and T-RFLP
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brabcová, Vendula (referee)
Fungi have a key role in the decomposition of coniferous litter and affect nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Therefore, great emphasis is placed on exploring the diversity of these organisms. The aim of this thesis was to describe fungal diversity in spruce litter and revealed temporal development of this community in a forest regenerating after bark beetle outbreak. Another objective was to compare sites with different length of bark beetle damage. The study area was located in the Bohemian Forest mountain range. Litter bags with spruce needles were placed on the forest soil and several samplings were performed in the course of three years. Diversity of fungi and changes in the fungal community were assessed by two methods: cultivation of needles on 2ř MEA and fingerprinting method T-RFLP. In total 71 fungal species were obtained from needles during a three-year succession by cultivation approach. Using T-RFLP 122 different fragments were generally recorded. The dominant species were Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Thysanophora penicillioides, Hormonema dematiodes, Ceuthospora pinastri, species of genus Chalara, Trichoderma polysporum, Mycena galopus and unknown species Helotiales sp. 1. Primary saprotrophs occured in the community mainly in first 8 months and then were replaced by basidiomycetes....
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