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Humic substances as active or auxiliary pharmaceutical component
Blahuš, Petr ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis examines the effect of the potassium lignohumate on the transfer speeds of analgesic drugs through the synthetic Strat-M® membrane. In order to examine the transfer of these substances, vertical diffusion cells were used and the final samples were analysed using UV-VIS spectrometer and HLPC. The intention of this thesis was to optimise the process of preparing diffusion cells, to compare the transfer speeds of pure active substances and active substances with the potassium lignohumate, and to compare the permeability of Strat-M® membranes, by using pig skin membranes which were used in the previous study that this thesis continues from. The primary discovery was that the lignohumate slowed down the transfer of active substances through the membrane.
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Selected drugs in drinking water sources and possibilities of their removal by adsorption
Lukášová, Daniela ; Ilavský,, Ján (referee) ; Kyncl, Miroslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The dissertation deals with the occurrence of a selected group of drugs in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. The work presents information on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their consumption in recent years and their division into different groups. Various options for waterworks processes that remove drugs from water are also described. For the experimental part of the dissertation, adsorption on selected sorption materials was chosen as the removal process. The removal of drugs from water was carried out in two ways, a static and a dynamic test. At the end of the work, the efficiency of sorption materials and other parameters related to adsorption are evaluated.
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Interactions of pharmaceuticals with humic acids
Libiger, Jan ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on interaction of drugs with humic substances, which are part of organic soil matter. The results would help in understanding the behavior of drugs in soil and other natural systems. Three drugs were selected. Humic acid was selected as a sorbent, which was extracted from lignin, the lower one is assumed to be the same as that in organic soil. Based on a comparison of the measurement results using the UV-VIS method, it was determined how much the acid of the given drug is able to absorb and how much it is released back into the water. The theoretical part deals with the information about soil organic matter, with the information about humic substances, with the information about drugs such as ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazol or sulfapyridine. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with methods of analysis.
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Interaction of drugs with soil organic matter - calorimetric study
Papko, Nadezhda ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the interaction of soil organic matter with selected drugs using isothermal titration calorimetry. Two fulvic acids and drugs were used in the experiment: ibuprofen, pyridine sulfate and diclofenac. The scope of the work was to test the method for studying the interactions between fulvic acids and drugs and to optimize it for specific humic substances and drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry includes the possibility to determine very important thermodynamic parameters, which were determined during the measurement of the bachelor's thesis. The main goal was to measure and assess whether the interactions take place and what the thermal effects are.
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Chiral analysis of drug residuals in waste waters
Svobodová, Dagmar ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The theoretical part shortly describes chirality with focus on chiral pharmaceuticals. The processes of their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination in human body are discussed. These points are very important to understand possible fate of chiral drugs in the environment as there is only little data concerning their environmental behaviour. The occurrence and enantioselective toxicity of chiral drugs is also discussed here. One of the chapters describes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as they are analyzed in the wastewater in the experimental part, and their occurrence in the environment. The experimental part describes optimization of the enantioselective HPLC method using Chiralpak AD as column for ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Reproducible separation of enantiomers wasn’t achieved for naproxen. Optimized methods were then applied for analysis of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Interaction of Ibuprofen with Humic Substances and Stability of Formed Complexes
Vlašicová, Silvie ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Nowadays, huge amounts of drugs get into watercourses and soil due to wrong disposal in sewage treatment plants. In this work, the sorption and desorption behavior of Ibuprofen in the soil system was studied, especially in relation to humic acids. The degree of sorption and desorption was defined from the change in ibuprofen concentration analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry, changes in conductivity and pH were also observed. Ibuprofen shows good sorption properties, desorption was really minimal. It can be assumed that there is a strong bond between ibuprofen and both soil and lignite humic acids and therefore there is no risk of leaching back into solutions. Therefore, if ibuprofen entered the environment, it would be sorbed into the humic acids contained in lignite or soil, which means that it should not be harmful in any way.
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Study of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals with microplastics
Ioani, Aldina ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor thesis aims to study the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals from the group of analgesics and antibiotics with microplastics. The analysis was conducted in the mid-infrared region, which is used to identify chemical structure of the substances. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as an analytical method. The samples were subjected to technique attenuated total reflection. Ibuprofen and trimethoprim were chosen as analytes due to their common usage in the population. Sorption of pharmaceuticals was undergoing on polyhydroxybutyrate, which is a kind of biodegradable plastics and polyethene terephthalate, which is synthetic. Measured results showed that for the study of interaction with pharmaceuticals, it is more suitable to use biodegradable plastic polyhydroxybutyrate than polyethene terephthalate because of its better results. Infrared spectra output is very influenced by a selection of a solvent.
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|Preparation and characterization of micro- and nanoparticles with selected drugs
Sosková, Simona ; Bokrová, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis is focused on the way to prepare combined micro- and nanoparticles containing some natural extracts with antioxidant effects, ibuprofen as the anti-inflammatory and analgetic agent and clotrimazole as the agent with an antifungal effect. The theoretical part contains an introduction of the methods of liposome preparation and a review of encapsulation techniques, methods of particles characterization, and analysis of active substances content. Furthermore, the yeasts of the genus Candida and the methods of the antimicrobial activity determination are described. The mentioned components were encapsulated into liposomes, alginate and chitosan particles. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The encapsulation effectivity of active substances into particles and the long-term stability of encapsulated components were determined and compared too. The HPLC method was used for measuring of the concentration of drugs and spectrophotometric method was used to quantify the content of polyphenols. Prepared particles were characterized with DLS method (size) and zeta- potential (stability). Finally, antibacterial properties of prepared particles and extracts using the test system Candida glabrata were studied. The antimycotic effect of particles, disturbed liposomes and extracts was compared. Finally, potential utilization of prepared liposomes in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical product is proposed.
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Interaction of Ibuprofen with Different Soil Types
Krajňáková, Soňa ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Táto práca sa zameriava problematiku interakcie ibuprofénu s pôdnym systémom. Popísané sú jeho základné vlastnosti, správanie a faktory ovplyvňujúce toto správanie. Vo všeobecnosti najvplyvnejšími faktormi je prítomnosť pôdnej organickej hmoty v pôde a pH. Ibuprofén patrí do skupiny nesteroidných protizápalových liečiv. Patrí medzi ľahko dostupné a vysoko konzumované liečivá. Toto prispieva k jeho narastajúcemu transportu a kontaminácii životného prostredia. Jeho prítomnosť v životnom prostredí môže pôsobiť negatívne na živé organizmy. V experimentálnej časti bol preskúmaný vplyv pôdnej organickej hmoty a pH na sorpciu a desorpciu ibuprofénu. Použité boli tri pôdy získané z odlišných regiónov Českej republiky. V rámci procesu sorpcie a desorpcie boli použité koncentrácie v rozmedzí 1 až 10 mg/l. Vplyv pH na sorpciu a desorpciu bol preskúmaný použitím koncentrácie ibuprofénu 10 mg/l a Britton-Robinsonovho pufru s pH 3, 7 a 10. Detekcia ibuprofénu v jednotlivých vzorkách bola uskutočnená pomocou UV-VIS spektrometrie a kvapalinovej chromatografie s hmotnostne spektrometrickou detekciou.
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Preparation and characterization of modern wound covers
Balášová, Patricie ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the study of bioactive wound dressings. During the thesis, hydrogel, lyophilized and nanofiber wound dressings were prepared. Hydrogel and lyophilized wound dressings were prepared on basis of two polysaccharides – alginate and chitosan. Nanofiber wound dressings were prepared by spinning polyhydroxybutyrate. All prepared wound dressings were enriched with bioactive substances, which represented analgesics (ibuprofen), antibiotics (ampicillin) and enzymes (collagenase). Into hydrogel and lyophilized wound dressings were all the mentioned active substances incorporated, whereas nanofiber wound dressings were only with ibuprofen and ampicillin prepared. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and function of human skin. There was explained the process of wound healing and also there were introduced available modern wound dressings. The next chapter of the theoretical part deals with materials for preparing wound dressings (alginate, chitosan, polyhydroxybutyrate) and with active substances, which were used during the experimental part of this thesis. In the theoretical part, the methods of preparation of nanofiber wound dressings and also the methods of cytotoxicity testing used in this work were presented. The first part of the experimental part of this thesis was focused on preparing already mentioned wound dressings. Then, their morphological changes over time and also the gradual release of incorporated active substances into the model environment were monitored. The gradual release of ampicillin was monitored not only spectrophotometrically, but also by ultra-high-performance chromatography. In wound dressings, in which collagenase was incorporated, was also the final proteolytic activity of this enzyme monitored. The effect of the active substances was observed on three selected microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida glabrata. The cytotoxic effect of the active substances on the human keratinocyte cell line was monitored by MTT test and LDH test. A test for monitoring the rate of wound healing – a scratch test – was also performed.
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