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Cardiac surgery patient with surgical wound dehiscence
BENDULOVÁ, Adriana
Dehiscence or wound spacing is characterized by failure of wound healing and it is a very serious postoperative complication that occurs most frequently in patients who suffer from an associated disease. It usually develops between the fifth and ninth postoperative day. The cause of dehiscence is an infection in the wound, which is caused by proliferation of bacterial strains. The thesis on "Cardiac surgery patient with surgical wound dehiscence{\crqq} is focused on theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with the development of cardiac surgery and important personalities, medical indications for a cardiac surgery, cardiac surgery, surgical wound healing, surgical wound complications and nursing care of patients with dehiscence. The practical part was carried out by a quality - quantitative survey. The research sample for the qualitative research, which was conducted by the semi-structured interview technique with open questions, consisted of four cardiac surgery patients with wound dehiscence. The research sample for the quantitative research, which was carried out through anonymous questionnaires, consisted of 100 nurses working in cardiac surgery centers, Czech Republic, and 30 cardiac surgery patients with wound dehiscence. The results were processed into tables, graphs and diagrams. This work may serve as a resource for the interpretation of the subject matter or as a source of information for Cardiac Surgery Centers to improve the needs satisfaction in patients with wound dehiscence.
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Evaluation of nutrition habits of nurses on ICU and ARW by NutriDan programme
EIGNEROVÁ, Anna
Nutrition and eating habits are one of the items of healthy lifestyle as well as mental and physical well-being. Eating should be performed on regular basis and all nutrition components have to be represented in proper proportion. The interrelation of sugars, fats (seba) and proteins is very important (55 - 60 % : 25 - 30 % : 10 - 15 %), sufficient protein ingestion (3-6 portions a day), fruit and vegetables (3 - 5 portions a day), dairy products (2 - 3 portions a day), meat and meat products (1 - 2 portions a day). Drinking liquids should be sufficient and should be kept within the range of about 30ml per 1 kg of our body weight, and of course the drinking liquids is important integral part of our nutrition. The aim of this work has been to evaluate and assess quality of eating habits of nurses working at Intensive Care Units (ICU) and Anaesthesiological Resuscitation Ward (ARW) according to NutriDan programme. In order to accomplish this aim the following four hypotheses have been postulated: H 1 The nurses working at ICU and ARW eat their meals on regular basis. H 2 The nurses working at ICU and ARW have their menus containing fruit and vegetables with ratio in accordance with recommended quantities for daily consumption (4 x 100 g). H 3 The consumption of liquids at work is lower than that out of work (at home). H 4 The interrelation of sugar, fat and proteins in nurse menus is in harmony with individual estimate of energy expenditure. Research has been outlined and drawn up as quantitative one and anonymous questionnaire (answer sheet) has been used containing 3 parts (general pat, special part and the menu mentioned above applied in time period of 24 hours). One hundred and four questionnaires (104) have been distributed in all while fifty-two (52) pieces of which have been given to nurses working at Anaesthesiological Resuscitation Ward and fifty-two (52) pieces of the questionnaire have been given to nurses working at Intensive Care Units.The aforementioned questionnaires have been distributed in three hospitals and seventy-three (73) have been received for our evaluation, of which forty-three (43) from nurses working at Anaesthesiological Resuscitation Ward and thirty (30) from nurses working at Intensive Care Units. For research data processing we have applied two programs: Microsoft Excel program and NutriDan program; the results obtained have been processed so as to be presented as graphs. The aim of the work has been fulfilled and the hypotheses 1, 2 and 4 se have been invalidated i.e. disconfirmed whereas the hypothesis 3 has been confirmed. The nurses working at Intensive Care Units and Anaesthesiological Resuscitation Ward do not eat their meals on regular basis, they often have lower energy taking, moreover they do not have correct interrelation of sugar, fat and proteins. The aforementioned nurses show lower and irregular consumption of fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy products and dietary fibre. Consumption of liquids is sufficient both at work and at home. The management of hospitals and wards as well will be made familiar with the results of this bachelor's degree diploma work i.e. those where the research has been carried out. This work can be used as a source material for lectures and enlightenment material in order to change the attitude of nurses of intensive care to eating habits of theirs.
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Evaluation of ditary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan.
KADLECOVÁ, Lenka
Abstract The bachelor thesis Evaluation of dietary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan program is dividend into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part focuses on personality of a nurse, her education and conditions for performance of her work. Eating habits are assessed among nurses at standard wards. Furthermore, it is focused on nutrition which is important not only for nurses but for all of us. There are all the meal components such as sugars, fats and proteins delat with. They are followed by vitamins, minerals and trace elements and of course drinking regime, which is also important. The first aim of this thesis was to investigace how nurses of standard wards eat. The socond objective was to determine whether there is any diference in the diet, hen nurses are at home or while at work. The following hypotheses were stated to meet these aims: H1 Nurses at standard wards eat irregulary at work. H2 More than a half of the nurses of standard wards adhere to heatlthy diet principles in their free time. H3 Nurses know how to eat properly. There was a method of quantitative research ? an anonymus questionnaire used in the research. The questionnaire contained 18 questions, 10 questions were closed, 4 were half-open and the remaining were supplementary. The questinnaire also included two record sheets, where nurses recorded thein 24-hour diet including the liquids they drank. One answer sheet was for the days hen the nurses were at work and the second one when they were off and were at home. It was possible to use 102 questionnaires and records for the research. The records were then evaluated in the NutriDan programe. The research results show that the energy supply of a nurse at work is lower than its expenditure. They also show that Nurses generally know how to eat properly and thein BMI values are mostly balanced. Most nurses know that their diets vary during their free time and hen they are at work but they try to eat regulary and according to the principles of good nutrition at home. Therefore, there are noticeable differences in their diet and results of NutriDan on the diet inegredients show the same except for proteins and fiber. These nutritional components are neglected at home and at work too. They regularly have breakfast and more than a half of them eat regulary. The regulary eat fruits and dairy products. The diet of nurses is less balanced and less nutritious when they are at work. Nurses are eating irregulary and inadequately at work. Meal at working time is mostly represented by dairy products, fruits, vegetables and food rich in cholesterol and lipids. In practice, the results of the research could be provided to nurses at wards, so as they learn about the mistakes they make in their diets, about their eating habits in general so as they could change or modify their diets. The results could also be publishied in professional journals or articles dealing with this problem.
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The Nutrition Need Providing for Monotheistic Religion Patients.
PANUŠKOVÁ, Monika
As suggested by the title ``Meeting the Nutrition Needs of Patients {--} Followers of Monotheistic Religions{\crqq}, the work deals with the nutrition as one of the fundamental needs of every person and it informs readers about monotheistic religions. The work consists of a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part focuses on the nutrition needs and provides general information about monotheistic religions. It deals particularly with given nutrition specifics and requirements of followers of each given faith which affect healthcare facilities and nursing care. The research part seeks to explain the issue from various viewpoints. The information is provided by followers of the concerned monotheistic religions, who present their nutrition rules and their experience with healthcare facilities, by nurses from internal medicine and surgical wards of selected hospitals, who explain how they deal with the requirements of the believers, and, last but not least, by nutrition therapists, who present their knowledge of the relevant nutrition needs and how they address them. The purpose of the work is to determine how the nutrition needs of patients following monotheistic religions are met. For better orientation the following research questions were formulated: 1. Are the nutrition therapists in hospitals familiar with nutrition specifics of monotheistic religions? 2. Are hospital patients, who are followers of monotheistic religions, allowed to observe their nutrition specifics with regard to their health condition? The research has shown that nutrition therapists do not often meet patients who are followers of monotheistic religions or they rather do not know about their faith. Their knowledge is therefore weak but, if need be, they would be willing to consult with the patients their specific needs and requirements for food or to find necessary information in literature. The research has further shown that hospitals attempt to accommodate the needs of patients who are followers of monotheistic religions. If requested by the patient, nurses in most cases inform the nutrition therapist accordingly. The therapists then talks to the patient and they jointly find an acceptable solution. The results of the research may be used to improve the quality of meeting the nutrition needs of patients who are followers of monotheistic religions.
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Differences in nutrition of seniors who live at retirement home and at home care
HRAŇOVÁ, Běla
The bachelor´s thesis focuses on differences in the nutrition of senior citizens living in the retirement home and the nutrition of those subject to home care. The goal of the thesis was to survey the senior citizens´ awareness of healthy diet, to map the senior citizens´ eating habits and to find out whether the diet composition has been affected by economic standing of the senior citizens.
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Brestfeeding and its most frequent problems
SOUKUPOVÁ, Simona
The undergraduate thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and contains overview of current knowledge concerning breastfeeding; the other part presents the survey. In the theoretical part, most frequent problems related to breastfeeding are outlined and correct breastfeeding technique described, which is important for the prevention of these problems. Also other aspects related to breastfeeding are described, such as positions, regimen of a breastfeeding woman etc. The first objective was to find out whether women get enough information about breastfeeding from the prenatal care. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems related to breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward, and the last objective was to find out whether breastfeeding women know how to resolve difficulties with breastfeeding. The first hypothesis was that women get information during the prenatal care. The second hypothesis was that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third hypothesis was that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples. The last hypothesis was that women are aware of solutions of their problems while in the postnatal ward. All the objectives were met. The survey showed that women were informed about breastfeeding during the prenatal care. They get most information from journals, books and internet. Some of them attended the breastfeeding course and others were instructed by medical staff. Thus the first hypothesis, that women get information during the prenatal care, was confirmed. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The survey proved that women were educated in this way and the staff instructed them on steps leading to successful breastfeeding. The results confirmed the second hypothesis, that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems with breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward. The most serious problem ascertained was painful swelling of breasts. The third hypothesis, that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples, thus was not confirmed. Ascertaining the scope of women{\crq}s knowledge on ways to solve difficulties in breastfeeding was the fourth objective. It was proved that women have sufficient knowledge leading to the removal of a potential problem, and thus the fourth hypothesis, that women are aware of solutions of their breastfeeding problems while in the postnatal ward, was confirmed. In order to verify the hypotheses and fulfill the objectives the quantitative research was used in the form of anonymous questionnaires. We handed out 127 questionnaires, of which 112 returned to us. The survey was implemented in Thomayer University Hospital in Prague, which has been the holder of Baby Friendly Hospital certificate since 1993. The survey results could be used as a source of information for timely education on the most frequent problems in breastfeeding aimed at their prevention and at the same time serve as an information source for the improvement of nursing care. More attention should be paid to the issues of breastfeeding, as these are problems, which may make mothers{\crq} most beautiful period of life more difficult.
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Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at children in age category seven till twelve years
HLAVATÝ, Miroslav
The diploma paper aims to appraise the composition of menu offered to pupils aged seven to twelve attending the Elementary School (ES) based in Suché Vrbné, a quarter of České Budějovice. The menu was assessed for its contents of macronutrients and a range of chosen micronutrients considered to meet nutritional demands of school children. The research covered 64 examinees (of both sexes) from the second, fourth and sixth grades, and was organized as a test of their dietary habits and physical a tivities. The paper deals with: -Nutritional quality of school lunches; -Weights and statures of children from the relevant grades measured at the beginning and the end of the appraised span of time, with the observed changes evaluated; -Average cost spent to prepare one lunch; -Variety of the food and the numbers of specific dishes taken in a month; -Adherence to the recommended alimentary basket; -Weights of the different components of lunches; -Nutritional test designed to examine dietary habits and physical activities of c ildren aged 7 to 12; -Changes in the diet of children moving up to the senior stage of the Elementary School; -Formulating hypotheses focused on drinking regimen, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activities. Percentage of nutrients derived from lunch, represent the proportion of recommended daily intake for the day. The ideal figure of 35 % of the recommended daily energy intake was achieved only in girls of the 4th grade. The other categories of boys and girls ranged between 5 % and 9 %. As regards proteins, these were supplied in the above-the-limit quantities to the 2nd and 4th graders, while the 6th graders received 79,65 % to 82% of the recommended daily intake. Fats kept at the optimal level of 30 % to 35 %. Saccharides stayed at the low level of 19 % to 24,69 % for the entire time of monitoring. Fiber was found to maintain the acceptable level of 29 % to 37,41 %. As regards the macroelements, calcium supply was insufficient - at 15,0 % to 18,46 % only a small portion of what is desirable. Magnesium intake was at 41,86 % to 59,1 %. Potassium reached on average 53,6 % to 59,66 %. As to microelements, iron was supplied at 42,37 % to 48,91 %; zinc at 41,15 % to 52,91 %; selenium at 59,1 % to 175,21 %. Vitamin A reached 60,78% to 89,23 %; vitamin E was at 38,66 % to 55.1%, and vitamin C at 58,81 % to 66,0 %. Vitamin B6 was supplied in the quantity of 38,50 % o 47,83 %. Vitamins B6 and B12 were supplied in above-the-standard quantities for the whole monitored period. Measurements of weights and statures were related to the age and then used to calculated the BMI - thus one 2nd grade girl was found overweight and one boy and another girl of the same grade were found obese. Pupils of the 4th grade kept within the optimal figures. In the 6th grade two girls and four boys registered overweight. Expressed in percentages, the research has showed that in the 7 to 12 age bracket 3.2% of children were obese and 9.15 overweight. The average cost of lunch preparation was 42 CZK. The numbers of specific dishes were revealed inadequate for pulses and fish. The share of fruit was duly met while vegetables were insufficient. Low was observed also the proportion of milk and sweet & meatless dishes. Conversely, the frequency of dishes made of chicken and pork was excessive. Yeast and pulse soups were served optimally, as suggested by the Ministry of Health. Inspection carried out in view of the alimentary basket specified in Decree 107/2005 disclosed these values as average for the entire period of interest: meat 92,9 %; fish 69,4%; milk 54.8 %; milk products 72.9 %. Fats were supplied at the level of 69,3 %; sugar 46 %; vegetables 59.9%; fruit 124%; potatoes 87,4 %; and pulses 54,4 %.
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The differences between the nutrition of Seniors in their natural home milieu and in retirements homes.
KAUCKÁ, Eva
In my degree paper I am dealing with the difference in the nutrition of seniors coming from the natural home environment and those living in retirement homes, especially from the view of quality and quantity of their diet. The theoretical part is focused on basic information of a well-balanced diet of seniors and the specifics thereof. I also mention the importance of drinking regimen there. Recommended daily intakeand resources of individual nutrients are of high importance, too. In old age, diet must be adapted to the current state of health. As a rule, light meals, easily digestible are selected. The practical part presents the results of the research aimed at the above mentioned issues. The information was obtained with the health of questionnaires and retirement home{\crq}s menus. The respondents were divided into two groups according to their place of living. The first group contained the seniors from the natural home environment, the second included seniors from retirement homes. The nutritional quality and quantity was monitored only in the selected sample of four respondents. In my my research I set two hypotheses. According to the results of the questionnaires only the second part of the second hypothesis was confirmed, while the first hypothesis and the first part of second hypothesis were not confirmed.
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Nutrition of younger school children of age 7- 10 in district Třebíč - progress, trends, present situation
MARIÁNKOVÁ, Alena
In my bachelor thesis I deal with nutrition and eating habits. In the theoretical part I have tried to sum up by means of secondary literature the basic information on principles of healthy nutrition and principal nutrients necessary for healthy development of the organism. Meanwhile I focus on the researched group, that is school children in the age of 7-10. I further describe the historical development of nutrition from our ancestors to present day, I deal with actual trends in nutrition coming along our modern time and I describe pathophysiology of nutrition, especially obesity. The paper aimed at describing eating habits of school children in the district of Třebíč. The quantitative research method applying questionnaire survey was applied. The research was carried out among children at 6 primary schools, both in the town as well as in the villages. Besides researching the issue of eating habits of children and finding out information on their awareness and knowledge, the paper aimed at confirming or overcoming 4 set hypotheses. Based on the assessment of data two hypotheses have been confirmed and two overcome. The results of the research have shown that school children do not follow healthy nutrition principles. It has been further confirmed that children consume throughout the day empty calories that have no nutritional value. Unexpectedly the hypothesis was overcome which stated that along with the increase of inappropriate eating habits the BMI value is increasing. The hypothesis that eating habits differ in town and village was also overcome. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information on healthy nutrition and the right eating habits of children in general and the eating habits of the researched file of child population. It could be of benefit for parents and teachers as they have a great influence on children and ought to exercise a positive impact on children.
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