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Occurrence of irregular red blood cells antibodies in pregnant women examinated on immunohematological laboratory of UHKT
Frišová, Zdeňka ; Písačka, Martin (advisor)
Blood is one of the main part of the internal environment of the organism. By composition and function is vital fluid which as mobile media connects all the organs and tissues in the body and plays a crucial homeostatic význam.1 circulating in the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins), composed of plasma and platelets (cells). Plasma is primarily water, electrolytes and blood proteins (albumin, globulins, a number of special protein). The stents blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) .2 The total volume of circulating blood corresponds to about 8% by weight. For an adult it is approximately 4.5 - 6 liters of blood.
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Monitoring of selected drugs in surface water
Langová, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Křenková, Marcela (referee)
This literature review based on recent works, deals with surface water above all river water, focusing on occurrence and detected concentration of pharmaceuticals. Targeted substances were selected according to four moulds: consumption in the Czech Republic - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, resistance in the environment - antiepileptic carbamazepin, possible environmental risks - estrogens and according to published findings of these drugs. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals was not only note in the surface water but in the drinking water too. Through this review, it appears that the pharmaceutical risk must be considered. Key words: PPCPs, pharmaceuticals, surface water, NSAIDs, carbamazepin, estrogens
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The Difference between Planed and Real Measured Dose under the Bolus Made of New Material
KUKAČKOVÁ, Lucie
The first chapter of the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis outlines radiotherapy in general. Radiotherapy is a clinical treatment using ionising radiation to treat malignant and benign diseases. It is one of the youngest medical disciplines. The development of radiotherapy began in November 1895, when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays. Radiotherapy became an independent medical specialty in 1922. The second chapter describes planning in radiotherapy. Irradiation plans for radiotherapy are created on the basis of a planning system. ECLIPSE planning system is used in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Phantoms are the theme of the third chapter. Phantoms are materials whose radiation absorption corresponds to human tissue. Water is a basic universal phantom material. In addition to water, also other materials are used, such as polystyrene, plexiglass, paraffin, PMMA etc. The last, fourth chapter of the theoretical part, deals with boluses. Boluses are tissue-equivalent materials that are put on the patient's skin during irradiation when it is needed to increase the surface dose and at the same decrease the depth dose. Moreover, bolus is used to compensate the missing tissue. Bolus is most often used to diagnose patients after mastectomy due to breast cancer. The most important characteristic of boluses is their ability to absorb radiation. In the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital, bolus from dental wax Ceradent had been used before. A bolus made from this material was hard and uneasy to shape. That is why it did not fit tightly to the chest wall of the patient. For this reason a new line of boluses was obtained for the oncology department, from gel material supplied by CIVCO company with dimensions 30 x 30 cm and thickness 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm and 1 cm, in "skin" and "skinless" version. These new boluses stick easily to the patient's skin and copy the shape of the body. The first objective of my bachelor's thesis was to compare the doses planned and measured under the bolus from the new material. This objective is elaborated in the practical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter presenting the results. Another objective was to elaborate the principles for the use of bolus. These principles are described in the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter describing the use of bolus in radiotherapy. The following hypothesis was suggested in the thesis: "It can be assumed that the generated bolus in the planning system corresponds to the scanned bolus on the CT with patient and that there is a difference between the planned dose and measured one." To confirm or refute the working hypothesis, measuring was executed in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Data about individual doses were collected boluses generated in the Eclipse planning system of different width (0.3 cm, 0.5 cm, 1 cm) on phantoms. Three types of phantoms from PMMA were used for the purposes of this measuring. First, the measuring was executed on phantom in the shape of the chest wall of a patient after breast ablation. Then, the tabular phantom and universal IMRT verification phantoms were used. The measurement was executed on the Clinac 2100 C/D linear accelerator, later on the new TrueBeam 2.5. linear accelerator. All these doses were measured by ionisation chamber from PTW company with volume of 0.125cm3. The obtained data were processed in tables and deviations of individual doses were calculated. Based on this measurement it was found out that the deviations of all doses are less than 3%. And therefore also the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed. There really is a difference between individual doses, but not so significant to affect the size of dose during the planning. As for the practical outcome, generated boluses will be used as standard in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital.
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Changes of extracellular and intracellular water distribution after weight reduction in premenopausal women.
Prášková, Lenka ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Malá, Lucia (referee)
,lb.\trakt Abstrakt Název: Změny v distribuci extracelulární a intracelulární vody po redukci hmotnosti premenopauzálnich žen. Changes oj extracellular and intracellular water distribution ajter weight reduction in premenopausal women. Cíle práce: Protože tělesné tekutiny tvoří více než polovinu tělesné hmotnosti, je třeba při redukci hmotnosti kontrolovat jejich stav. Úkolem práce je hodnocení objemu a distribuce tělesné vody u dospěl)·ch premenopauzálních žen s nadváhou a 1. stupněm obezity a detekce jejich změn po redukci hmotnosti. Práce se zároveň snaží poukázat na možné faktory působící na objem a distribuci tělesných tekutin u žen. Metoda: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 25 premenopauzálních žen, u kterých byl ve srovnávací studii bez kontrolní skupiny charakterizován objem a distribuce tělesné vody před a po dokončení IO t)·denního redukčního programu. Vybrané parametry tělesného složení byly hodnoceny multifrekvenční bioimpedanční metodou, která je primárně určena pro měření objemů tělesných tekutin. Výsledky: Ve sledovaném souboru byl při vstupním vyšetření u většiny žen prokázán relativní nedostatek celkové tělesné vody, ale poměr extracelulární a intracelulární tekutiny v organismu byl zvýšený, což svědčí pro poruchu distribuce vody ve prospěch extracelulárního prostoru u žen s nadváhou a 1. stupněm...
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Vietnamese Water Puppet Theatre
Pospíšilová, Veronika ; Hlavatá, Lucie (advisor) ; Slavická, Binh (referee)
This Bc. thesis deals with the Vietnamese water puppet theatre, which is one of the genres of Vietnamese theatre. Special emphasis will be placed on the general characteristics of the theatre and on its component parts. The thesis will briefly describe the development of the theatre and the main events in its history. Then it will concentrate on the individual theatre companies, on the role of the puppeteers and on the position of women in this art. The individual scenes in the performances and the characters appearing in them will also be described and analyzed. Then the technical aspects of the theatre, including the production of the puppets and the manners of manipulating the puppets will be discussed. The thesis is concluded with the description of the role of the musical accompaniment, which has always had an irreplaceable role in the performances. Key words: Vietnam, water puppet theatre, tradition, genre of theatre, life in the village
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Performing sports on urban and suburban cycling lanes in Prague
Krejča, Filip ; Kuhnová, Věra (advisor) ; Pokorný, Ladislav (referee)
Abstrakt/abstract Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá městskými a příměstskými cyklostezkami v Praze. Ve své části teoretické shrnuje terminologii daného okruhu, vymezuje pojem cyklostezka, cyklotrasa, cyklopruh aj. Dále specifikuje pojmy s daným tématem související (volný čas, zájmová činnost, pohybová rekreace aj.) V samostatných kapitolách se věnuje historii a současnému stavu cyklostezek, následně pak legislativním normám. Práce vymezuje také druhy pohybových aktivit, které je možné na cyklostezkách provozovat (cyklistika, chůze, in-line bruslení aj.) V praktické části seznamuje s metodami výzkumu a výsledky pozorování a dotazníkového šetření. Ve svých závěrech se snaží charakterizovat uživatele cyklostezek, zkoumá jejich motivaci, četnost návštěv cyklostezek, druhy provozovaných aktivit. Zajímá se o nároky na kvalitu a vybavení cyklostezek, shrnuje pozitiva i negativa cyklostezek v Praze. V závěru nabízí přehled městských a příměstských cyklostezek v Praze. Submitted thesis deals with urban and suburban cycle tracks in Prague. The theoretical part concerns terminology of the given topic and defines terms such as cycle track, cycle route, cycle lane etc. Furthermore, it specifies terms closely related to the topic (free time, hobbitry, kinetic recreation etc.) Other chapters address the history and...
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Health and social situacion of Women exposed to Domestic Abuse.
MÁTLOVÁ, Milena
Domestic violence involving women in relationships is no longer a private issue. Resolving this problem of domestic violence has spread from private non-profit organizations to state institutions. In 2006 a law for protection against domestic violence was passed and it also gives authorities a right to move a violent person out of their house. Raising awareness has become a priority for regional education of the public and media campaigns. Besides policemen, it' s also doctors, the first professionals, who can be asked for help by victims. These doctors can recognize domestic violence by visible injuries or be the symptoms evident from maltreatment. The target of this essay was to see the approach of doctors to women effected by domestic violence in the Kromeriz region and to find how well-informed they are about the help to these women in interdisciplinary teams. The theoretical part investigates the characteristics of intimate partner violence and its impact on health and social situation of abused women. It also describes the possibilities of help for victims, legislative arrangements and also the importance of doctors work in inter-regional cooperation. The practical part contains the analyses of quantitative research done by a request method by questionnaire technique, that was filled in by chosen doctors in the Kromeriz region. From this investigation follow that almost three quarters of respondents were asked by abused women but less than half of them cooperates with organizations intended to help victims of domestic violence. The enlightenment of the public is seen by doctors as necessary but underestimated. This also demonstrated the connection with a situation that the education of the public is not done almost in two thirds of doctors offices. This essay can be used to raise awareness of the general and especially the specialized public by educational seminars for doctors, nurses and can be published in special news letters and brochures.
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The motion analysis during warm-up before the basketball match in our elite leagues
Horák, Milan ; Kaprálek, Tomáš (referee) ; Velenský, Michael (advisor)
Title: The motion analysis during warm-up before the basketball match in our elite leagues Goal of the graduation thesis: The description of content and the structure of warm-up exercises on the base of indirect observation (videorecord) and heart-rate meterning, efore the basketball matches of chosem men and women teams in our top league. Method: The specialized literature, method of indirect observation (videorecord) and heart- rate meterning was used for the acquirement of necessery information. Collected data was statistically processed. Results: The results explains representation of exercises in warm-up. All the data are graphically presented. Monitored hypotheses are corfirmed or refutated. Keywords: warm-up, preparing for performance, basketball.
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