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Chelation ability of experimentally used iron chelators
Morkusová, Michaela ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
v angličtině Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Michela Morkusová Supervisor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Chelation ability of experimentally used iron chelators Iron is a vital element, playing many important functions in the body. Its presence in too low or too high quantities is harmful. The body has no excretion route for iron, and in certain circumstances, excess iron can accumulate in body tissues. Iron is present in the body in excess particularly in individuals undergoing frequent blood transfusions or having genetically based diseases associated with iron overload (hemochromatosis). Iron excess is medically treated by administration of iron chelators. Such substances can find wider therapeutic use as well, e.g. in individuals with acute myocardial infarction or with tumours. This Thesis was aimed at determining the stoichiometric ratio in the complexes of two experimental chelators, salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with iron(II) and iron(III) ions at four different pathophysiologically significant pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.8 and 7.5). Spectrophotometry was used as the analytical method. In the processing stage, various new...
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Vegetable adaptogens - Schizandra chinensis
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the regional climate zone of the South Moravian Region as well as the use of this plant. Furthermore, adaptogens are described from a chemical point of view and their possible methods of isolation from individual parts of plants. The experimental part deals with extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, in the leaves extract was determined chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids by spectrophotometry, where the quantity of individual substances was confirmed for months April – May.
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Study on pretreatment and hydrolysis of selected lignocellulose materials
Kovářová, Markéta ; Dvořák, Miloš (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on study of chemical and enzymatical hydrolysis of raw wood material. The aim of this work was to find the suitable method for pretreatment of selected lignocellulose materials. The theoretical part deals with characterization of lignocellulosic material and its components. There are also subscribed various pretreatment methods and their effect on hydrolysis of sawdust. In experimental part of the work the most appropriate approach of pretreatment and hydrolysis of sawdust was studied. Criteria for the selection of suitable method was concentration of saccharides as desired product of hydrolysis and also concentration of the most important microbial inhibitors - polyphenols. Application of 96% ethanol or 5% H2O2 were identified as the most promising pretreatment methods which enhanced yields of fermentable sugars about 30 %. Further, we also performed cultivation of bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and bacteria Burkholderia sacchari using solution obtained by hydrolysis of lignocellulose material.
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The comparison of methods for determination of ascorbic acid in medical formulations
Kohoutová, Petra ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Červený, Václav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare and assess chosen analytical methods for ascorbic acid determination in pharmaceuticals with respect to their correctness, accuracy, time and finance exigencies. Four methods were chosen alkalimetric titration with visual and instrumental indication, iodometry and spectrophotometry. Pills, capsules and injection solution were chosen as samples of pharmaceuticals. The obtained results as to accuracy of the declared value (or range permitted under Pharmacopoeia) agreed by all titration methods, spectrophotometric determination showed overestimated results. All used methods were approximately equally accurate. As time seems to be most optimal acidobasic titration with visual indication, while demanding in terms of time was spectrophotometry. If we consider methods on financial intensity all titration methods were quite equal.
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The verification of accredited analytical method for the determination of second-generation triglycerides using the biochemical analyzer Advia 1800
JANDOVÁ, Helena
Triglycerides belong to a large group of lipids. They are biologically very important substances for the human body. Chemically they are glycerols which are bound by ester bonds to fatty acids. Triglycerides are feeding, and that our organism has spend triglycerides must be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, and then they are absorbed and transported to tissues. Determination of triglycerides in serum, respectively plasma, is particularly important for the prevention of atherosclerosis which is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, but also to diagnose and prevent such diseases as obesity or diabetes mellitus. To introduce method for the determination of the second-generation triglycerides via the biochemical analyzers Advia 1800 to be used in the ward of clinical biochemistry of Central Laboratories of Hospital Strakonice, a. s. there was need to carry out a verification of the method. This verification is subject ot the requiremets of ČSN EN ISO 15189 Medical laboratories Special requirements for quality and eligibility, according to which the Central Laboratory of Strakonice Hospital, a s. is accredited. It is further governed by the procedures for the validation/verfication methods, SOPO-C-06, drawn up by our laboratory. The results of the verification/validation are used for the evaluation of measurement uncertainties and to establish continuity and comparability of measurement results. On the basis of document mentioned above, the measurement of triglycerides in serum was conducted in two biochemical analyzers Advia 1800. These measurement led to the evaluation of the precision under repeatability conditions, precisions under conditions of reproductibility and accuracy. Precision under repetability condition was measured at twenty patients' samples in two concentration ranges. For evaluation of precisions under reproducibility conditions we used control materials validated in the EHK processes, exactly Liquid Assayed Multiqual 1 Lot 45651, the second check was with the help of Liquid Assayed Multiqual 2 Lot 45662 from the manufacturer BIO-RAD. These reference materials were measured every day in a singlet for twenty days. From the measured values the basic statistical parameters and analytical coefficient of variation were calculated. To evaluate the truthfulness they were also measured with the help of control materials from the manufacturer SEKK, s. r. o. Based on these measurements the basic characteristics were again calculated together with bias and total laboratory analytical error. Comparison of this error with a maximum mistake reccommended by the company SEKK, s. r. o. led to the evaluation of the method for the present purposes.
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Application of spectrophotometers
Klimešová, Marie ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The work deals with the important analytical method - spectrometry. It is based on measurement of absorption of radiation in a wavelength range. On this principle can determine the absorbance and transmittance of the measured samples. The thesis also describes events related to the excitation of molecules. These include absorption, vibrational relaxation, internal conversion, inter-system crossing, fluorescence, phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence. The practical part includes three experimental measurements. The first measurement is the concentrations of potassium permanganate solution. In a second experiment, verifying the validity of Lambert-Beer law. In the third experiment, the fluorescence measurement of fluorescein and detection of fluorophore concentration dependence on fluorescence intensity. Measurement is performed in an environment SpectraSuite with the use of school spectrometers USB2000 + and USB650 Red Tide.
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Study of stress markers in plants influenced by heavy metals
Rucký, Jakub ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
In our experiment, we examined the influence of Cd2+ in plant tissue culture of sunflower cultivar Aloha. Plant tissue culture were exposed to concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500µM for 7 days and were monitored changes in its antioxidant activity. We used monitoring methods ABTS, FRAP, Free Radicals and DPPH. To compare the results obtained, measured data were used program STATISTICA. The objective of statistical evaluation is to determine the concentration at which the plants are still able to withstand the negative effects of non-fatal.
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Characterization of Nanostructures Deposited by High-Frequency Magnetron sputtering
Hégr, Ondřej ; Boušek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the analysis of nano-structured layers deposited by high-frequency magnetron sputtering on the monocrystalline silicon surface. The content of the work focuses on the magnetron sputtering application as an alternative method for passivation and antireflection layers deposition of silicon solar cells. The procedure of pre-deposite silicon surface cleaning by plasma etching in the Ar/H2 gas mixture atmosphere is suggested. In the next step the silicon nitride and aluminum nitride layers with hydrogen content in Ar/N2/H2 gas mixture by magnetron sputtering are deposited. One part of the thesis describes an experimental pseudo-carbide films deposition from a silicon target in the atmosphere of acetylene (C2H2). An emphasis is placed on the research of sputtered layers properties and on the conditions on the silicon-layer interface with the help of the standard as well as special measurement methods. Sputtered layers structure is analyzed by modern X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optical ellipsometry and spectrophotometry is used for the diagnostic of the layers optical properties depending upon the wavelength of incident light. A special method of determining the surface lay-out of the charge´s carrier life in the volume and on the surface of silicon is employed to investigate the passivating effects of the sputtered layers.
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Determination of selected chemical parameters of fruit of new currant varieties
Pelikánová, Blanka ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is dedicated to the determination of selected chemical parameters of fruits of new currant varieties. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of currant, the biologically active substances of its fruits and also the utilization of current in the food industry. Further part of the theory deals with the main chemical parameters which were examined: polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity. In the practical part there were determined selected chemical parameters in six white, twelve red and thirteen black varieties of currant. Anthocyanins and polyphenols have been determined spectrophotometrically. The content of ascorbic acid in selected varieties of currant was determined by HPLC. As a technique for the determinationof the antioxidant activity was selected the method of free radical DPPH.
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