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Analysis of the PPP in transport infrastructure and its possible alternatives
Soukup, Miroslav ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
In recent years, debate has erupted on the Czech highway construction costs. Alleged legacy infrastructure projects, along with the ever-dwindling funds for their construction have led to the revision of the current method of financing. The new government instead of the traditional budget financing started to promote the model of Public-Private Partnership. Aim of this paper is to assess and compare the effectiveness of different forms of funding transport infrastructure. It introduces the concept of PPP, its strengths, weaknesses and analyzes the concrete experience of countries with the implementation of sector-specific liner construction. As another possible alternative, purely private source funding model is introduced. It is discussed its options, benefits, risks and it's analyzed how much money collected from the road-taxes is actually invested back into transport infrastructure. Finally a model of privatization highway network is introduced.
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Management of reception centres with respect to legislation
KOKEŠOVÁ, Petra
The thesis examines the aspects that might be obstacles to operation and provision of the service. It is obvious that service funding is the most burning question that troubles the service providers. The organizations are subject to the social service inspection, the main purpose of which is assessment according to given criteria and meeting quality standards, which should be in line with the interests and needs of the service users. However this actually leads to administrative burdens for the providers and they often do not agree with the inspection results. Social services are subject to numerous laws, which should help homeless people return to the society, while the dependence on the government help or social services should be as low as possible. The legislation is subject to numerous changes in short periods, which should reflect the needs of the society and particularly those of the practical provision of social services. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current legislation, which affects the possibilities of service provision and might influence the situation of the clients of homeless shelters. Three research questions were set in the practical part of the research: RQ1 - Do real obstacles to management of homeless shelters result from the current legislation in the opinion of the respondents? RQ2 - Do real obstacles to provision of the services result from the current legislation in the opinion of the respondents? RQ3 - Will the proposed modifications of the Social Service Act (Act No. 108/2006 Col., on Social Services as amended) improve the management of homeless shelters in practice? Seven respondents responsible for management of homeless shelters participated in the research. The research sample consisted of providers from the South Bohemia Region. The interviews were performed individually and anonymously. A qualitative method of semi-structured interviewing was applied. Each performed interview was recorded on a voice recorder with the respondent's consent and then carefully rewritten. The aim of the thesis was to map the opinions of the service providers, who may give a practical insight into the current situation and the possibilities of the social service development. They give us a realistic idea about the fears they face on everyday basis in operation of homeless shelters. The research has confirmed the prognoses of experts that the current system of subsidies from the public budget is really disputable, particularly in the social prevention services. Delayed advance payments lead to uncertainty among the service providers and make the development and planning of the service impossible. It has also confirmed the impacts arisen to the organizations as a consequence of the long intervals between applications for subsidies and payment of funds (debts on energies, problems with timely payment of salaries to employees etc.). It also leads to uncertainty among employees and this uncertainty is reflected in entering into employment contracts for definite periods or even contracts for work. The research has appreciated the contribution of the Individual Project of the South Bohemia Region. The organization funding is also problematic in the field of direct payments from the clients, particularly in the instance of client's leaving without payment or if a client causes a damage on the shelter equipment. Judicial enforcement of unpaid balances or damages is usually unsuccessful and the providers have often moral problems with such a procedure. Sponsorship and support through foundations are usually lower than those for social care services. The operation of non-profit making organizations was also affected by the new Civil Code, which has cancelled some laws and the organizations were forced to change their legal forms, which brought them administrative burden. The new Civil Code has also changed the sphere of rental housing, which might increase the number of homeless people.
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An Effective System of Remuneration In the Public Sector
Picka, Jakub ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Izák, Vratislav (referee) ; Malý, Ivan (referee)
Expenditures on the salaries of public sector employees constitute a very important component of public expenditures, currently around CZK 200 billion annually in the Czech Republic. Adjusting the remuneration of employees in public administration (sector) is therefore an important option for increasing the efficiency of use of public funds. The assessment of the current system of public sector employee remuneration and a proposal for some specific changes to be made to it is the focus of this dissertation. The primary aim of my dissertation is to analyze the system of remuneration of employees of public and private sectors, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Within the primary target there is also a decomposition analysis, which indicates whether the employees are discriminated against in any of the sectors. The secondary objective is to make recommendations for the system of remunerating public sector employees of the in order to increase its efficiency in terms of public spending while maintaining its incentive function. The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, entitled "Theoretical Foundations," provides an overview of the relevant literature, the fundamental basis in economic theory, and issues of the Mincer wage equation, which is then later used as the basis for regression and decomposition analyses, and mainly describes in detail the decomposition method that is used to explain the difference in the salary level in the private and the public sector. These decomposition methods represent, together with quantile regression, the main tool used to meet the objectives of this work. The second chapter, entitled "The Remuneration of Public Sector Employees," describes the structure of the remuneration of employees of the public sector. The data shows that the current system produces results in the form of salaries that do not correspond to the market. The third chapter, called "Regression Model," builds on the analysis performed on data from QSAE, which was discussed in the second part of the previous chapter, and its purpose is to prepare the documents for verification and deepen their conclusions. The fourth chapter, called "Regression and Decomposition Analysis," is based on the regression model assembled in the previous chapter, and describes the results of the regression decomposition analysis performed on the described sample data. This chapter verifies the hypotheses set out in the introduction and answers research questions. The fifth and final chapter, entitled "Interpretation of the Results and Recommendations," focuses on the interpretation of the results, the proposed regulation of remuneration, and recommendations for further research. The main finding of this work is that the system of remuneration of public sector workers is set so that, while the overall average brings quite comparable results in terms of the salary as the entire labor market, it is not throughout the distribution. The performed regression analysis showed that both the public and private sectors evaluate the same things differently (different values of the regression coefficients of variables), and both at the average and along the entire distribution. We can say that the mechanism of the remuneration of employees of the public sector is different from that of the market. This fact is confirmed by the significantly higher coefficient of determination of the regression model of the public sector. Regarding possible discrimination in wages, the analysis showed that employees in the public sector may in contrary to the preposition of positive discrimination be positively discriminated against only up to approximately fifteenth percentile. From fifteenth percentile they are discriminated against negatively. This was confirmed by the decomposition analysis performed on the average salaries, which indicates that public sector employees are, at this level, negatively discriminated against (if the public sector employees have the same regression coefficients as private sector employees, their earnings increase). Finally, this conclusion is confirmed by the dummy variable, which represents belonging to the private sector when the value of its corresponding regression coefficients, in quantile regression analysis along the distribution, evolves from negative to positive and is significantly increasing. The thesis also shows how the system of remunerating public sector employees can be adjusted to reward employees in a way that is comparable with the market.
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Financing and accounting of allowance organizations in specific conditions of the Rest home Lukov
Olivíková, Petra ; Marhounová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Takáčová, Hana (referee)
The theme of this thesis is financing, accounting and economy specifics of allowance organizations. The goal of this thesis is to prove that the activities of these organizations are not possible without the resources supplied from public budget. The theoretical part is dedicated to the non-profit sector and the definition of non-profit organizations. In more detail attends the thesis to the characteristics, financial relations and economy specifics of both types of allowance organizations -- founded by the state and by territorial authorities. The practical part is focused on the activity of a specific allowance organization in the field of social services. After the organisation is introduced follows an analysis of financial resources and its economy analysis throughout the period of five years.
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Analysis of the financial crisis' impacts on the Czech government budget in the years 2005-2013
Čvančar, Martin ; Doležal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the analysis of the Czech republic's government budget from 2005 until 2013, specifically on the impact caused by the global financial crisis which started in 2008. In the theorethical part we explain how revenues and expenditures of the government budget are structured, the functions of the government budget, budget process and its allocation in the system of public finances. The second part is the analysis itself, performed by comparing the individual parts of revenues and expenditures of the government budget. Detected fluctuations were put into context with the development of the Czech economy. Based on the obtained data, it was found that the recession has mainly affected the revenue side of the Czech government's budget, of which tax revenues were affected the most. The impact on the expenditure was significantly smaller. The final part contains recommendations for the prevention and minimisation of the economic crisis' impact on the government budget.
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The Evaluation of the Municipality Management in Pohorelice
Svojanovská, Iveta ; Rošková, Jana (referee) ; Lajtkepová, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor thesis „The evaluation of the municipality management in Pohořelice” deals with the issue of redistribution of financial resources within the frame of public budget system. The first part of the work is focused on theoretical knowledge of the community, budget system and the budget of the municipality. The second part is aimed at analysis and evaluation of Pohořelice budget management in the years 2005 - 2008. The third part offers ideas for possible improvement of the management of the municipality.
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Is divorce our private matter? A draft methodology for estimating public expenditures connected with divorce in the Czech Republic
Pecka, Šimon ; Kureková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This thesis deals with public expenditures associated with divorces in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part presents studies on the subject of marriage, domestic violence, alcoholism, divorce and quantifying the costs accompanying these social phenomena. The practical part presents areas of public expenditures in the Czech Republic that are associated with divorce, a theoretical model for calculating these expenditures and an estimate of expenditures on social support, social services and justice. Because of nonexistent data following areas are not included in the estimation: health care, police and crime. The largest amount of the estimated expenditures are expenditures on social support. This study shows that divorce is not a private institution, but it has an impact on all taxpayers of the country.
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Analysis and comparison of the economic cycle and its particularity for countries of the Visegrad Group in ages 2004 to 2014
Dvořák, Jakub ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis deals with analysis and comparison of the business cycles of the Visegrad Group countries in the period 2004--2014. The subjects of the theoretical part are the phases, length and theoretical perspectives of economics schools to the business cycle. In next part of the theoretical part are descriptions of the macroeconomic indicators, by which the individual countries are analyzed and compared. The theoretical part is dedicated to the Visegrad Group itself. In line with the objective of the thesis, the practical part revealed that the highest and the most stable economic growth is reached by the Polish economy. In contrast, the Hungarian economy scored the worst economic performance during said period. Common problems of economies with high deficit in the current account balances (in which the Hungarian economy, which faced bankruptcy in 2008, is the worst) arise from the data findings. Another common feature of these compared the economics are the public budget deficits, which it negative is reflected in the mount of total public debt. The practical part contains closed prediction of development of each country for the years 2015 and 2016.
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Fiscal rules in the Czech republic after joining the EU
Šafránek, Patrik ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This thesis concerns fiscal rules which represent a possible solution of excessive deficits of public budgets. The chosen topic is very relevant as most developed countries are now facing the problem of fiscal imbalance. The aim of the thesis is to analyze existing rules in the Czech Republic and to formulate recommendations for its public budgets with regard to the specifics of the economic and political environment. The main hypothesis is that fiscal rules in the Czech Republic are not well designed and do not contribute to the stabilization of public finances. This hypothesis was partially proved true. Proposal to strengthen the fiscal framework by implementation of the reform of medium-term expenditure frameworks and by adopting debt rule at the constitutional level results from the realized findings. Further recommendation is to establish independent fiscal institution that would oversee the fiscal policy in the Czech Republic.
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Health systems in SR and ČR - comparison of selected parameters in 2004-2012
Hutňan, Tomáš ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
The following work deals with the health service system in the Slovak and Czech Republic providing a general description of the health system functioning and financing. The first part of the work is devoted to the basic information about the two above-mentioned countries. The second part of the work is focused on the health service system, the financing system and the characteristics of the health systems existing in the Slovak and Czech Republic. The third part covers the analysis of the private and public health service expenditures in the Slovak and Czech Republic. The fourth part is aimed at pharmaceutical expenditures comparison.
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