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The Empathy in Volunteer and Hospice Worker Caregiving
VÁCHOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of the theoretical part is to deal and understand issues as death and dying, human personality and sel ess help in volunteer and hospice worker caregiving. The aim of the research part is to evaluate personal characteristics of volunteers who take care of dying people. It also includes a questionnaire which examines the level of interpersonal orientation, the volunteers´ capability to organize their work, their endurance and motivation. The questionnaire also focuses on the volunteers´ altruism structure, empathy and willingness to help. I addressed volunteer caregivers in civic associations Sdileni (Sharing) and Cesta domu (Homecoming), St. Alzbeta Hospice in Brno and some volunteer caregivers who have experience with dying or terminally ill people. I compared the results of my research on 15 volunteers with the results of the research carried out by Assoc. Prof. Helena Zaskodna on 828 students of assisting professions in 2006-2008. Both my results and those reached by Assoc. Prof. Helena Zaskodna confirmed that the volunteers showed a higher degree of empathy, exocentric altruism, endurance, and kindness, as it was expected. I tried to write this thesis in a way easy to understand for everybody. I also tried to provide enough evidence to motivate the reader to re-evaluate his or her way of thinking and behaviour and to understand that we ourselves create our lives: Let compassion beget compassion.
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Alloparental behaviour of mammals with direction to elect species of genus \kur{Acomys}
TUČKOVÁ, Vladimíra
Despite the widespread interest in alloparental behaviour, relatively little is known about the factors that affect participation of alloparent in the care of strange young. The review of this issue was made with the direction to possible factors leading to this phenomenon and the consequence of this behaviour. It was insisted on the most demanding activities of coopreration in care of young-nursing and retrieving of pups. A separate charter was made for the abundantly studied species egyptian spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Possible factors influencing nursing and retrieving of pup of eastern spiny mouse (Acomys dimidiatus) were examined in the practical section of this Bc.thesis.
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The Pro-social Traits of Workers in Helping Professions
FENDRICHOVÁ, Bohdana
In the thesis on the pro-social traits of workers in helping (assistance-providing) professions I dedicate myself to pro-social behavior, empathy and the basic characteristics of personality issuing from the five-factor personality model {--} The Big Five. Most professionals agree that pro-social behavior and empathy belong among the basic characteristics that assistance-providing professionals should have. An important role is also the personality of the care provider. The listed constructs and connections among them however remain the home environment of empirical research and thereby represent the phenomena regarding which there exist few verified findings. The goal of the paper rests in fining the level of empathy and personal dispositions in accordance with the Big Five model that could influence pro-social behavior in selected groups of assistance-giving professionals. The factors in question are neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience, graciousness and conscientiousness. Data collection took place with the help of two psychodiagnostic questionnaires. The IRI questionnaire measures level of empathy and the NEO-FFI questionnaire was used for diagnosing the five personality dimensions. The study was quantitative. The monitored set included respondents from three assistance-giving professions {--} nurses, members of the Czech Republic Fire Rescue Corps, and elementary-school teachers. The results confirmed the hypothesis that care providing workers show higher levels of empathy in comparison to the population average, and the hypothesis that these professionals show a higher level of personality traits that, in an interpersonal context, display positive orientation towards others, that is that they are more extroverted and gracious in comparison with the population average, was refuted. These results make it possible to consider that the relationship between the basic personality dimensions and pro-social tendencies may be mediated by the level of empathy with regard to other psychological constructs and the results of social learning. Conclusions cannot be generalized, due to a relatively small sample group. For this purpose it would be interesting to carry out a professional study, which would exceed, in its scope and possibilities, the usual requirements of a thesis paper.
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Pro-Social behaviour of volunteers
ŠTORKOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis titled ``Pro-Social Behaviour of Volunteers{\crqq} addresses volunteering and volunteers, and compares differences in pro-social behaviour of volunteers and the common population. The research verified two hypotheses: 1. Volunteers show a higher level of pro-social tendencies and behaviour than people without any volunteering experience. 2. Long-term volunteers show a higher level of pro-social behaviour and tendencies than people having short-term volunteering experience. Both the hypotheses have been confirmed.
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Altruism among students preparing for helping professions
BLAŽKOVÁ, Veronika
There are many professions where the main mission is to help people. They are usually designated as helping professions. They comprise specific characteristics among which the key role is played by the worker´s personality. It can be said that the personality of the helping person is the main tool for successful performance in these professions. The personality structure is largely influenced by the factors of altruism and prosocial behaviour. The topic of the bachelor thesis, Altruism among students preparing for helping professions, was chosen due to the fact that in the past the problems of altruism were not paid much attention in domestic professional literature. The theoretical part deals with the definitions of altruism, which more or less differ according to particular sources, and also offers my explanation of the altruism concept from the point of view of e.g. ethics, philosophy and sociobiology. I also focused on the motivation involved in altruistic behaviour (why and under which circumstances people are willing to help). It was necessary to mention the helping professions, their exceptional role, specificities, importance but also some related risks. The objective of my bachelor thesis consists in specifying chosen personal characteristics, mainly altruism, which are related to vocational selection preferring the sphere of helping professions. The thesis aims at better and deeper understanding of helping professions or rather the individuals who perform them. The survey was carried out on the basis of questionnaires and was supposed to prove the following hypothesis: Students preparing for helping professions show a higher level of altruism compared to population standard. The survey was carried out in a random sample of the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The hypothesis was verified. Students preparing for helping professions show a higher level of altruism.
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Game Theory and Evolutionary Ethics
BARTÁK, Jakub
One of the main evolutionary ethics tasks lies in conventional biological explication of reciprocal altruism and its related adaptive functions of human moral phenomenon. The evolutionary ethics assume a simultaneous development of altruism evolution along with moral senses and intuition by which this strategy was conditioned. For evolutionary ethics argumentation is used a discipline called game theory that by means of mathematic simulations confirms its hypothesis. The relation of these two disciplines is the main reflection object of this thesis. The first part of this thesis gives an introduction to the fundamental evolutionary ethics. Beside the tasks and methods there is an explanation of the meaning of altruism as the fundamental concept of reflected problems. The second part deals with general game theory characteristics including the object, methods and essential concepts. The third chapter deals with relations concerning the game theory application on evolutionary ethics. There is a detailed description and classification of game strategies representing the individual types of persons regarding their cooperation, competition or betrayal propensity, and a research follows that focuses on the success rate of these individual types in the game called prisoner{\crq}s dilemma that represents a mathematic model of conflict situations. The method used in this thesis is synthesis, combination and comparison of observations gained from theoretic analysis of scientific literature.
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For- social behaviour of nurses
KOCMICHOVÁ, Kateřina
This work is focusing on questions of for-social behavior and altruism of nurses. For-social behavior is an important social phenomenon, such an antipole of non-provoked agresivity and probably of all other bad behavior (asocial, antisocial) . It is such behavior that keeps social bindings and that makes us closer one another. For-social behavior is characterized by acts done in favor of others without expectation of reward (financial, material) or social approval. In the first part of the diploma paper, there is outlined question of for-social behavior at theoretical level. Here is defined the term of for-social behavior, altruism, empathy with effort to answer the question why we help others, under what conditions, circumstances and to whom. The intention of this work consists in exploration-description of for-social behavior of nurses. The work deals with scale of empathy, altruism and affiliation of nurses in comparison with women non-working in helping professions. Furthermore, there is investigated the ability of nurses to cope with stress and that is measured by means of optimism scale. I did four hypotheses, all of which proved to be right. I used a method of questionnaire in terms of quantified research. Each hypothesis was based on its own separate questionnaire in question form. It was 200 question forms in total, 100 forms for nurses and the same for women non-working in helping professions as a control group. 174 filled forms were given back. The basic group was formed by 88 nurses and the control group by 86 non-nurses. The outcome of questionnaire research is that nurses show higher measure of empathy, altruism and affiliation than women non-working in helping professions. The nurses were also proved to be less adaptable to stress than non-nurses.
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Fair Trade: Altruismus, nebo egoismus?
Pánek, Martin ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses the issue of Fair Trade. It tries to solve the question whether Fair Trade is an altruistic, or an egoistic phenomenon. The thesis explains how the author understands the terms "altruism" and "egoism" and then describes the methodology used to distinguish between the two. Special attention is paid to the problem of information asymmetry and how Fair Trade is specific in this respect. The thesis largely discusses Fair Trade as development aid and questions the effectiveness of this particular kind of development aid; it clarifies what role the problem of altruism plays in it. This thesis also discusses the issue of public choice related to the main topic. It reviews some examples of public decisions and links them back to the question of altruism. Using standard microeconomic analysis, the thesis is concluded with a statement on altruism or egoism behind Fair Trade.
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Factors which influence the consumer´s decision making about how to dispose of the communal waste
Doležalová, Simona ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
My diploma paper is concerned with problems of consumer's relationship to the communal waste. The aim of my work is to identify which factors influence the consumer's decision making about how to dispose of the communal waste. I focus on both economic and noneconomic incentives like social norms, altruism, motivation or information. Which role does the state play? I follow with legislative problems and different ways of waste disposal in the Czech republic with the comperison with the European Union. I focus more on recycling both the positive and negative view. In the second, practical part of my work I use the questionnaire. The results will be used for analysis of factors which influence the consumer's decision making.
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Test-Tube babies: how the market restores the hope
Foblová, Daniela ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
The diploma thesis analyzes market in human reproductive cells - men's sperms and women's eggs for use in assisted reproduction. The topic of this diploma thesis arises from the increasing infertility and urgency of the assisted reproduction in the modern society. This paper is divided in two parts. The first part of this paper describes a historical development of assisted reproduction and than economic theory that is applicable to the human reproductive cells market namely the theory of the prohibition and the theory of the price regulation. Second part analyzes three different reproductive cells markets -- American, British and Czech market. Second part also discus arguments and criticism of the free human organ markets included human reproductive cells market. This paper brings integrated summary based on arguments evaluating free trade with human sperms and eggs.
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