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Hygienic safety of outdoor playgrounds with sandbox
Abertová, Jana ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
Playgrounds represent danger of a direct input of hazardous substances into children`s organism, that`s why they require a special attention. The diploma thesis deals with hygienic safety of outside playgrounds with sandpits in scope of valid legislation and medical risks, which might be caused by contamination.
The aim of the thesis is to assess the level of microbiological, parasitical and chemical contamination and hygienic safety of sand in outside playgrounds with sandpits in Hradec Kralove.
To check the contamination, samples of sand were taken in outside playgrounds with sandpits destined for children in Hradec Kralove. Safety parameters of taken samples were rated according to notice No. 238/2011 Coll., about setting of hygienic requirements for swimming pools, saunas and hygienic limits for sand in sandpits of outside playgrounds. The evaluation of samples was concentrated on microbiological, chemical and parasitical contamination of sandpits, which was analyzed by Medical Institute based in Usti nad Labem. The influence of position of playground within the town (city center vs. outskirts), time of collecting samples and age of each sandpit were judged.
The sandpits in Hradec Kralove in the years 2014 and 2015 were microbially contaminated over established limits only in one case. Parasitical or chemical contamination was not found in any case.
Next conclusion is that sandpits at end of season are contaminated by microorganisms about 18 % more often than at start of season and at the same time that sandpits in city center are contaminated about 14 % more frequently than in outskirts. New sandpits are often contaminated by thermotolerant coliform bacteria than old sandpits. From the point of view of chemical contamination, sandpits in city center are more contaminated by chemicals, however statistical difference is not significant. The discovered values of sand at start and end of season were misrepresented by addition of sand in sandpits in the course of main season.
Sandpits in Hradec Kralove had a high level of hygienic safety, which is determined in law No 258/2000 Coll., about protection of public health.
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Assesment of suitability of different propagation substrates and methods for Taxus x media and Magnolia 'Suzanne'
Petránková, Jana ; Tolar, Václav (advisor) ; Kofránková, Věra (referee)
his thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical part, in which there is information obtained from literature, where I focused on plant propagation methods, describing the general řízkovaných species and their method of propagation, also gave describing the particular cultivar. Furthermore, the substrates, enhancers, their composition and use. Buildings used in horticulture, atomizing řízkovaných plants, or fungi.
The practical part evaluates the results obtained by performing an experiment in gardening Ornamental nursery Jasová.
The experiment was conducted in two consecutive years and in summer the proliferation of Magnolia'Susan' and winter multiplication Taxus x media'Hickii'.
It was assumed rozdílnos of rise products on two sites množárenských which was plastic greenhouse and glass, on each another at different substrate, in river sand and řízkovacím substrate.
The aim of the experiment was to find out what conditions they grow best propagated species.
The results are showed small differences between trials at Magnolia'Susan' results were significantly better substrate, which was probably caused by Trichoderma, which promotes rooting cuttings. The variant Magnolia cuttings in the sand and placed in a plastic greenhouse plants were dying due to lack of irrigation and high permeability of the sand.
Taxus was cuttings in winter and thus avoid Underwatering pulp prior to the formation of callus and roots. Therefore, this method has been successful, but the total amount ujmutých plants was lower than Magolia.
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Small-scale biogas technology in Southeast Asian countries: current state, bottlenecks and perspectives
Roubík, Hynek ; Banout, Jan (advisor)
Biogas produced via the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste materials is considered as an important technology in improving the environment because it solves waste management problems and simultaneously produces biogas as a main product and digestate as a by-product, which can also be used as a fertilizer.
Within the rising expectations for the substitution of fossil energy with renewable energy as one of the solutions to cope with climate change, the environmental aspects of small-scale biogas plants, as widely used method for energy creation, should be evaluated in a holistic and systematic way. The use of small-scale biogas plants is mostly common for energy creation from waste in Southeast Asia.
This source of energy is mainly lauded for its low costs, clean production and high fertilization effects of digested matter for crops. There are number of advantages of small-scale biogas production on farms, including also savings on firewood or fossil fuels and reduction in odour and greenhouse gas emissions from using other fuels. However, biogas plants are often poorly managed and there is lack of proper distribution systems for biogas. That results in methane being release inadvertently through leaks in digesters and tubing, and intentionally when production exceeds demand. As methane has a global warming potential 25 times higher than that of carbon dioxide, environmental advantages of small-scale biogas plants might be compromised.
This dissertation intends to provide in-depth understanding about the issue with taking into accounts possible risks. Investigating of such a topic is within continuing concern about small-scale biogas technology in rural areas of developing countries. For this reason technical, social, economic and environmental assessment of small-scale biogas technology will be done. Methods of data collection will consist of questionnaire survey and focus group discussions among randomly selected owners of biogas plants, semi-structured personal interviews with local authorities and facilitators and observation. Furthermore, prediction of future development of this technology will be created.
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Product and process innovation in the company Aveflor, a.s.
Váchová, Lenka ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ladislav , Ladislav (referee)
The thesis deals with product and process innovation issues in the company Aveflor, a.s. Contemporarily, product and process innovation in a very important issue for a constant new development of services, technological processes and final products in order to keep the pace of the company with the very high competition in the present market. The thesis deals with the innovation process and its particular steps. All the processes are analytically applied on the company Aveflor, a.s.
In the empirical part of the thesis the company Aveflor, a.s. is introduced by analysis of particular phases of innovation process such as: task, development, plan of new products, results of proposals, verification, the realization of a new product, barriers of innovation activities with particular innovations of presented products. The hypothesis is that the whole process of innovation can be improved together with the higher productivity in the company Aveflor, a.s.
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate ongoing innovations of the development of new products in the company Aveflor, a.s. An inherent aim is to compare particular processes, identify drawbacks and make a proposal of their improvements.
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Genetic structure of local domestic breeds
Neradilová, Silvie ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor)
A switch from hunting to beginnings of farming and agriculture was a crucial step for humans and for developing civilization. This period was suitable for domestication processes. Dogs were the first domesticated animals at all. Their breeding was connected with settlement and cattle protection and they were used as shepherd and hunting dogs. In some cultures they are even used as food source. Recent trends lead to breeding of new breeds and division of original gene pool into smaller closed groups which lead to an increase of homozygosity and to display recessively inherited diseases. These effects are mostly visible in small local breeds that have a small population size. Global protection of genetic diversity in cattle, poultry and pigs was already addressed in many studies, probably because of the high economic value of these animals. Impact of domesticated carnivores to humans is comparable and due to the growing market in veterinary services it is needed to protect sufficient genetic variability of various unique races. The aim of this work is to compare selected local breeds of dogs from different regions of origin, to evaluate their overall genetic diversity, to determine the occurrence of candidate types of diseases and to compare the frequency of these diseases in selected breeds. Main output is to recommend appropriate methods to protect the gene pool of these unique races. Central European breed (e.g. Český Fousek), subtropical breed (e.g. Sarplaninec), tropical continental breed (eg. Basenji), tropical island breed (e.g. The New Guinea Singing Dog) will be selected. The material will be collected at exhibitions and in cooperation with local farmers. The samples will be processed by classical methods of population genetics in the laboratory of molecular genetics FTZ ČZU.
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Biological methods of monitoring insecticides resistant populations of selected oilseed rape pests
Zdražil, Adam ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described.
New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic.
The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated.
The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed.
For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.
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Evaluation of ditary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan.
KADLECOVÁ, Lenka
Abstract The bachelor thesis Evaluation of dietary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan program is dividend into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part focuses on personality of a nurse, her education and conditions for performance of her work. Eating habits are assessed among nurses at standard wards. Furthermore, it is focused on nutrition which is important not only for nurses but for all of us. There are all the meal components such as sugars, fats and proteins delat with. They are followed by vitamins, minerals and trace elements and of course drinking regime, which is also important. The first aim of this thesis was to investigace how nurses of standard wards eat. The socond objective was to determine whether there is any diference in the diet, hen nurses are at home or while at work. The following hypotheses were stated to meet these aims: H1 Nurses at standard wards eat irregulary at work. H2 More than a half of the nurses of standard wards adhere to heatlthy diet principles in their free time. H3 Nurses know how to eat properly. There was a method of quantitative research ? an anonymus questionnaire used in the research. The questionnaire contained 18 questions, 10 questions were closed, 4 were half-open and the remaining were supplementary. The questinnaire also included two record sheets, where nurses recorded thein 24-hour diet including the liquids they drank. One answer sheet was for the days hen the nurses were at work and the second one when they were off and were at home. It was possible to use 102 questionnaires and records for the research. The records were then evaluated in the NutriDan programe. The research results show that the energy supply of a nurse at work is lower than its expenditure. They also show that Nurses generally know how to eat properly and thein BMI values are mostly balanced. Most nurses know that their diets vary during their free time and hen they are at work but they try to eat regulary and according to the principles of good nutrition at home. Therefore, there are noticeable differences in their diet and results of NutriDan on the diet inegredients show the same except for proteins and fiber. These nutritional components are neglected at home and at work too. They regularly have breakfast and more than a half of them eat regulary. The regulary eat fruits and dairy products. The diet of nurses is less balanced and less nutritious when they are at work. Nurses are eating irregulary and inadequately at work. Meal at working time is mostly represented by dairy products, fruits, vegetables and food rich in cholesterol and lipids. In practice, the results of the research could be provided to nurses at wards, so as they learn about the mistakes they make in their diets, about their eating habits in general so as they could change or modify their diets. The results could also be publishied in professional journals or articles dealing with this problem.
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Trichurids in ruminants from Czech Republic.
Antošová, Tereza ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The goal of this paper was to determine rate of presence of whipworms of genus
Trichuris in bodies of selected ruminants (sheep, roe deer) in certain areas and to morphologically state different species of whipworms using molecular revision and professional literature on samples found during helmitological dissections of selected ruminants. Two hypotheses were stated: H1: species that are found in highest volume in case of roe deer and sheep are whipworms Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis H2: these whipworms can not be positively distinguished when using morphometrical methods.
Material needed for the study, i.e. the intestines of examined ruminants, was recovered in different areas of Czech Republic. Later were the intestines dissected in a laboratory using standardized procedure and hereby collected samples were analysed.
Based on selected methods it was determined that in roe deer the rate of occurence of Trichuris discolor is much higher compared to that of Trichuris ovis. With sheep the difference between rates of presence is smaller. These results confirm the first hypothesis by showing high rate of presence of whipworms in these hosts. Collected females of genus Trichurids were morphometrically differentiated by their sex and in 4 morphotypes. Following this differentiation, the most present were the females of morphotype M2, those with a vulval opening without an everted vagina. The second hypothesis was also confirmed.
Multihosting species Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis are prevalent in the bodies of roe deer and sheep. Thus we can say the roe deer are a potential source of whipworm contamination to sheep breeding. It can not be excluded that sheep are infected by roe deer and vice versa. Molecular determination is a necessary tool for correct assessment of whipworm species, considering the fact that morphological methods may lead to incorrect results.
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Traditional Methods of Fish Preservation in Southeast Asia
Holmanová, Kateřina ; Banout, Jan (advisor) ; Leuner, Olga (referee)
Traditional methods of fish preservation are still often used in developing countries, which produce significant amount of fresh fish. The most frequently used methods of processing fish in Cambodia are drying, salting, fermentation, smoking and marinating. Sun drying as one of the most common methods of fish processing in Cambodia has some disadvantages, which increase spoilage of final product. Salting contributes to increase efficiency of drying process. Salt creates highly salty environment, which the most bacteria, fungi and other potentially pathogenic organism cannot survive in. The aim of this Bachelors thesis was to carry out research focused on drying method in combination with salting. For five selected spices of freshwater fish: Claris batrachus, Channa micropeltes, Oreochromis niloticus, Pangasius hypophthalmus and Monopterus albus were determined dry matter content, fat content and salting effect on the amount of salt. Samples, before drying in direct solar dryer with natural convection and electric oven, were salted for 2, 4 and 12 hours. Results of measuring of dry matter content are within the interval 16.67 to 21.74 g on 100 g of fresh muscle, the lowest values were measured at C. batrachus and the highest at O. niloticus. Measuring of fat content showed difference in the interval 2.29 - 30.08 %, the lowest value at M. albus and highest at P. hypophthalmus. From the measurements of amount of salt were found influence of the salting time on the total amount of salt. Values increased with the higher time of salting. An important prerequisite for achieving high-quality dried products is characteristic properties for individual fish species to achieve maximum yield.
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Changes to the contents of proline and relative electrolyte leakage of the selected genotypes of poppies depending on the influence by low temperature
Kudrna, Jiří ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Orsák, Matyáš (referee)
The object of this thesis is to study the effect of low temperatures, proline content and relative elektrolyte leakage in a selected range of varieties of opium poppy.
Experiment included 18 poppy varieties with different contents of morphine. Poppy seeds for this experiment were provided by GB Oseva Pro s r.o., o.z.VÚO Opava a Český mák s.r.o.
Poppy seeds were sown in containers of a size of 7,5x7,5 cm. Used cultivation medium is mixture of garden substrate A with quartz sand in a ratio of 2: 1. Plants were grown under controlled conditions in grow chamber Conviron E8. Before starting the experiment, the temperature was at 10 ° C during day and 5 ° C over night. Light cycle was 13 hours light and 11 hours darkness. The maximum value of irradiance was 800 micromol. The experiment was initiated in phase of rosette develoment. At this developmental stage were the plants exposed to frost temperatures (-5 ° C) over night and chill temperatures (10 ° C) duringthe day. After a week the plants were regenerated for 1 week at 5 ° C over night and 10 C during the day.
All tested plants were in two day intervals measured of proline concentration after exposure to low temperature stress. At the same intervals as proline, were measured the values of relative elektrolyte leakage (Rel%).The obtained results show that the influence of low temperature causes increase of proline level. Control winter-crop variety Zeno exhibited the high kontent of proline (693.33 microg.g -1) in comparison with the spring poppy varieties. After regeneration were afected varieties Lazur, Opal, Buddha, Korneuburger Weisser, Aplaus, Major, Sokol, Zeno reduced the content of proline under the influence of higher temperatures. On the other hand the varieties Ofeus, Tatranský, Opex, Orbis, Maraton, Florián, Marianne and Albin were reversed with an increase of proline level. Proline concentration levels were constant and unchanged in case of varietes Postomi and Akvarel. Values of relative elektrolyte leakage were increased proportionately with length of exposure to low temperatures on the tested plants. The lowest value of membrane damage was after exposure to low temperatures observed in case of variety Zeno (23.53%). In the case of spring varieties was lowest membráně damage estimated in a variety Korneuburger Weisser (44.88%), while the highest was in the variety Orfeus (53.15%). It demonstrated the different responses of individual poppy varieties at low temperature. Most sensitive to low temperature were varieties Orfeus, Postomi, Akvarel, Orbis, Sokol and Marianne. As less sensitive to stress caused by low temperature seems to be spring varieties Opex, Buddha, Korneuburger Weisser, Albín.
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