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Study of degradation of micropolutants in water using advanced oxidation processes
Brož, Tomáš ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of pesticide degradation using various advanced oxidation processes. Finding an effective method to degrade these micropollutants is very important with their increasing consumption in the agricultural and other industries, because their adverse effects on non-target organisms and humans are also expected. In this work, the herbicides metazachlor and chloridazon were studied. The first part of this work is conceived theoretically and is focused on a basic description of advanced oxidation processes, including characterization of individual types, description of pesticides and their distribution and a brief description of the used analytical methods. The second part deals with the experiment itself and the evaluation of the results. Three different types of advanced oxidation processes were used for degradation: UV, H2O2, UV/ H2O2. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to determine the efficiency of the experiment. It was found that the most effective of the used degradation methods was the use of UV radiation with the addition of H2O2.
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Study of pesticide degradation using advanced oxidation processes
Vlach, Tomáš ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
In the master’s thesis are expleined and described proceses and terms related by problematic degradation of pesticides using advenced oxidation proceses and their possibilities of determinations. The essence of the experimental work was development and validate created method for determination of chosen pesticides. Degradation of this pesticides by advenced oxidation proceses and their determination after degradation. The aim of the work was compare chosen oxidation methods and summary of results for designe of the most appropriate method.
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Efficiency of Water Treatment Processes Using Activated Carbon
Hladíková, Lucie ; Kolesíková, Lucie (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The subject of the thesis is the issue of pesticides in the environment and the possibility of their removal through activated carbon. The thesis is divided into two parts, the search part and the practical part. The research part is focused on description of activated carbon. It also deals with the distribution of pesticides and their degradation in the environment. In the practical part, a laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of removing pesticides and metabolites from the test water on two types of activated carbon.
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Sublethal effects of the insecticides neonicotinoids on spider's migration and predatory abilities
Přibáňová, Gabriela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
This research deals with impacts of pesticide substances on spider populations. In this case pesticides of the neonicotinoids classes were tested. Specific neonicotinoids were applied to different of spiders which were collected in various localities and at some stage of development - nymph, adult or subadult individuals. The diploma thesis analyzes and the documents the effects of neonicotinoids to spiders. The results show that some pesticides can have a significant negative effect to locomotion, predation, ballooning, drop or to spiders mortality. Keywords: spider, arthropod, pesticides, insecticides, neonicotinoids, sublethal effects, mortality, EthoVision XT, locomotion, drop, ballooning, predation, Philodromus, Oedothorax, Pardosa, Xerolycosa, Phylloneta
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Rozhodovací proces u raků: problematika chování a reprodukce
KUBEC, Jan
This thesis provides an overview of case studies investigating the behaviour of freshwater crayfish, including social and reproductive interactions, decision making, and channels for recognition or processing of environmental stimuli. We described relationships between the environment and the organism and relationships among conspecifics and heterospecifics. These aspects are important, given that every decision and interaction has consequences for crayfish survival and reproduction, i.e. individual and even species success. For ethological studies in aquatic ecosystems, crustaceans, and especially crayfish, represent practical model organisms. Crayfish are advantageous over other invertebrates given their high level of social interaction in both the field and the laboratory. They exhibit unique eco- ethological behaviour in variety of feeding habits, activity cycles, habitat selection, and resource utilization at the level of species, sex, and age. Similar to vertebrates, crayfish demonstrate unique behaviours throughout their life. Subsequently, pollution impacts on native crayfish stock can result in ecosystem instability. The different reproductive strategies of females and males demonstrate that females rely on some familiarity of sexual partners as a reliable guarantee for successful mating. Crayfish females are choosier than males because of their higher energy costs for reproduction (oogenesis, incubation, parental care). While male reproduction prioritises securing their genetic information by searching for as many mates as possible. Crayfish mate preferences was analysed by facing the choosing crayfish with two equal sized mature counterparts from the same or different origin. Our conclusions could be applied in conservation research, captive breeding, and recovery programs as well as in aquaculture. The success of biological invaders has been described as the outcome from intra- and interspecific interactions. The marbled crayfish, known as parthenogenetic species with high adaptability, fast growth, early maturation, and high fecundity, established dominant status in more cases by interspecific combat victories. Fight intensity and aggressiveness decreased after dominance was established in particular pairs. Marbled crayfish seem to have an ability to conserve energy by increasing activity only at times of danger. Based on known species-specific abilities, the marbled crayfish is capable of outcompeting aggressive species, such as the red swamp crayfish. This parthenogenetic species poses a substantial threat to native ecosystems and biodiversity of aquatic environments, since it can establish not only in crayfish free habitats, but is also capable of outcompeting resident species. Recently, dilute concentrations of contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, daily-care products and pesticides have been reported to indirectly affect aquatic organisms. We found that selected pharmaceuticals can alter the behavioural patterns of crayfish, event at the very low concentration. The risks associated with surface water pollutants stresses the importance of research investigating their ecological impacts and their different/specific mechanisms of action. Prolonged exposure to the low concentrations of two pesticides exhibited changes in crayfish behavioural patterns. Various alterations in locomotion were observed after treatment in pesticide-free water. In the wild, decreased movement and activity can be a challenge for crayfish survival because of predation, even foraging to compensate for energy loss could be very difficult for less active individuals. This study suggests that crayfish behaviour assessment is a practical approach not only for investigating basic biology, or intra- and inter-specific interactions, but also for assessing the risks associated with micro-pollutants.
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83/5000 Removal of pesticides from drinking water using different types of activated carbon
Lahodný, David ; Svoboda,, Miroslav (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis deals with the effectiveness of selected types of activated carbon for the removal of pesticide substances from drinking water. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The first part focuses on pesticides and activated carbon. For pesticides, their nature, distribution, occurrence and possible removal are described. Activated carbon is divided according to type, production and reactivation, the process of adsorption and also the main parameters of activated carbon are described. The second part is focused on laboratory experiment of pesticide removal from model waters. There are characterized the tested types of activated carbon, described the laboratory procedure and subsequent analysis of samples. In conclusion, the evaluation of individual types of activated carbon is evaluated with consideration to efficiency.
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Characterization of novel stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
Kadlecová, Zuzana ; Kalíková, Květa (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is detailed characterization of new diol-based column, i.e. Torus DIOL designed for supercritical fluid chromatography, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. This stationary phase contains diol ligands bonded on BEH ("bridged ethylene hybrid") particles. The BEH sorbent is more stable at high pH, pressure and temperature than conventional silica sorbents. Five fluorinated pesticides were successfully separated on Torus DIOL column. Retention mechanism and effect of different parameters were tested by analysis of small polar compounds (nucleobases, uridine and its derivatives, acidic, neutral and basic compounds). Both partitioning of analytes between an aqueous layer deposited on the surface of the stationary phase and the mobile phase and adsorption of analytes on the stationary phase participate in the retention mechanism. Effect of the mobile phase aqueous part pH was investigated with the following buffering solutions: formic acid (pH = 2.1), 10mM ammonium acetate (pH = 4.7 and pH = 9.5). Obtained results showed that aqueous part pH significantly affects retention of acidic compounds according to their pKA values. Retention of all tested analytes on Torus DIOL column slightly increased with increasing ionic strength of mobile phase. The retention...
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Minimization of risk of pesticide residues in fruit production: certified methodology
Kocourek, František ; Falta, Vladan ; Stará, Jitka ; Holý, Kamil ; Horská, Tereza ; Vávra, Radek
The publication is intended for fruit growers who are included in integrated fruit production systems. The information and the recommendations presented in the matarial can help them to minimize risk of residues of of of pesticides on non-target organisms, mainly natural enemies. In addition, the minimizing of pesticide impact on human health is considered. All recommendations are in the accordance with requirements of legislation which will be in force from 2014 for IPM and also for convention regimes of fruit protection. The spray scheduling is based on the knowledge of pesticide pre-harvest period coupled with the information about their side effects on non-target organisms. Environmental behaviour of pesticide residues from the application to the harvest is desribed for each active ingredient allowed in the Czech Republic in apples and pears. These data enable to assess the action pre-harvest periods for the both low-residual and non-residual fruit production. Information about side effect on natural enemies of pests and other non-target organisms have been worked up for each active substance of pesticides allowed in fruits in the Czech Republic. This knowledge allows us to classify pesticides into three groups marked as a so called green, yellow and red list for IPM growing systems. The possibilites of the use of biological and biotechnological methods are outlined at the end of the publication.
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