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Study of the sterilization effect of temperature and UV light present in dielectric barrier discharge
Kramárová, Petra ; Grossmannová, Hana (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main theme of this bachelor thesis is to study the effect of temperature and UV radiation to the total sterilizing effect of dielectric barrier discharge. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. The presented bachelor thesis discusses plasma sterilization, which is one of the method, which are suitable for sterilization of heat and chemical sensitive materials. This sterilization method is effective on the wide spektrum of procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms. Basically, the main inactivation factors for cells exposed to plasma are heat, UV radiation and various reactive species. In my thesis a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at atmospheric pressure was used for the sterilization of the samples. Plasma was generated in argon and nitrogen. According to the previous measurement the best sterilization results were observed using plasma power input 2 562,96 mW•cm-3 (argon) a 2 044,44 mW•cm-3 (nitrogen), therefore the same plasma power input was applied during our measurement. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger were used as model organisms. Whatman paper No. 1st was used as the carrying medium. Each sample series was exposed to plasma for 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 s. In order to separate the effect of UV radiation generated by DBD the quartz glass transmitting UV radiation was used. During the plasma exposition one of the sample was covered with the quartz window and the other sample was directly exposed to the plasma, afterwards the results were compared. The microbial abatement observed for the samples covered by quartz window was much lower than for the the samples directly exposed to the plasma. In first case the UV radiation and temperature is the main inactivation mechanism, while in the latter one the synergistic effect of UV radiation, temperature and active species is employed. Furthermore the effect of plasma sterilization increases with increasing the plasma exposition time. While comparing results observed for the argon and nitrogen, better results were achieved in argon. Effects of UV radiation and temperature were studied separately. The temperature between the DBD electrodes was measured by means of thermocouple. Afterwards the samples were placed in an oven and exposed to the same temperature as was measured between the electrodes. By comparing the results of heat treated samples and plasma treated samples it can be assumed that the influence of the temperature during the sterilization process in DBD was negligeable. The discharge parameters were studied by means of the optical emission spectroscopy.
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Proposal for a new system of continuous quality measurement pairs
Foltová, Anežka ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
This paper deals with proposal of new continual system for quality measurement of sterilization steam. At the begining the process of sterilization is introduced. Then the concept of saturated streams, parameters for sterilization and sensors for measurement are described. Then the current process of measurement of steam quality is described and in the last part the proposal of the new system is introduced. After the draft was the measurement data, analysis and evalution.
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Study of sterilization effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids
Holíková, Lenka ; Slámová, Jitka (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is to study the sterilizing effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. Generally, sterilization is divided into physical and chemical methods. Plasma sterilization is ranked among physical methods although the action of chemical processes participates in the decontamination as well. Effects of UV radiation, free radicals and temperature are utilized in these methods. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger F8189 and bacteria spores of Bacillus subtilis are selected as model organisms. Aspergillus niger microorganism is suitable for its resistance to changes in pH and it is viable in a wide range of pH values. Bacillus subtilis is chosen because of a good heat resistance. Diaphragm discharge is one of the possible types of electrical discharges in generated liquids. It is a low-temperature plasma, which is generated using a high DC voltage. In the created plasma streamers various physical and chemical processes rise. The chemical processes are mainly the generation of active species and particles that initiate subsequent chemical reactions and attack mould spores and bacteria in liquids. The physical processes include shock waves, strong electric field and ultraviolet radiation. Experiments were conducted in a reactor with separate cathode and anode space. In the dielectric barrier PET diaphragm with a pin-hole (initial diameter of 0.4 mm) was attached. Enlargement of the hole was observed as a result of degradation of material at the edge of holes due to the discharge. Degradation of spores was observed, depending on the time and on the input power. Other parameters measured were pH, conductivity and temperature. Experiments did not show any difference of discharge activity in the cathode and anode area. The main factor in the removal of spores Aspergillus niger was probably the temperature because no demonstrable effect of sterilization by the diaphragm discharge operation had been observed when heat resistant Bacillus subtilis was used. Also, it was made an attempt, which has been studied only the temperature effect of the fungi spores of Aspergillus niger. The samples were placed in a thermoregulator, where it was simulated the same temperature increase as at the discharge. The experiment had a similar course as an attempt at the discharge.
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Physical properties of steam sterilization
Kotlánová, Markéta ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with finding, measurement and evaluation of suitable physical parameters for quality analysis of saturated steam sterilization according to ČSN EN 285 + A2, which is the first step for the replacement of outdated processes of the analysis by modern automation systems. The other part of the project contains description of physical sterilization, saturated steam, methods and sensors for the monitoring of steam sterilization and the measurement and evaluation of these issues.
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The status of transgender persons in civil law
Reck, Martin ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Hrádek, Jiří (referee)
The status of transgender persons in civil law Abstract The thesis focuses on the legal regulation of gender reassignment in the Czech Republic, both in terms of civil law and constitutional law. The thesis initially focuses mainly on the correct definition of important terms and their essential meaning. Attention is paid not only to transsexuality itself and its forms, but also to related conditions such as intersexuality and transvestitism. After discussing the human rights foundations of gender reassignment, the thesis briefly discusses the historical genesis of the legal regulation of gender reassignment. This is followed by a description of the currently effective legislation, including its shortcomings with regard not only to domestic law but also to the Czech Republic's international obligations under international human rights treaties. In this area, the greatest emphasis is then placed on the decision-making of the European Court of Human Rights, which is more advanced than Czech national courts in this area. Apart from transsexuality and the process of gender reassignment, the thesis also focuses on the opposite phenomenon, namely detransition. This topic is often neglected, even though it is a topic essentially inseparable from gender reassignment and offers many interesting legal issues. The...
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Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
The Thesis definic Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext. The aim of this work is to chart the phenomenon of sterilisation of Romani woman in the 1960s to 1980s. The work will be a contribution to the debate on the non-obvious nature of human rights in totalitarian-run societies and may use in the future to compensate for analogon human rights abuses in other European countries or in other cultural circles. At the same time, it is a contribution to the discussion about the relationship of major companies of developed European countries with Roma or other ethnicities in general, which have difficulty adapting to the pressure of major society. At the same time, the work concerns medical ethics, the so-called biopower and medication of society, high-profile issues. To understand the issue, I outlined the evolution of eugenics and its effect on the sterilisation of Romani women. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. It discusses the consequences of limiting fertility on the women concerned from different aspects. This is research theoretical work, there is a historical method applied, especially analysis of literary sources. In particular, Czech-language but also English-language sources are used in the work. The work attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. What preceded the idea of limiting the fertility of Romani women? 2. Did eugenics affect the sterilization of Romani women? 3. How did socialist society feel about the influx of Roma? How did she consider the possibilities for their culture and fertility restrictions? 4. What were the consequences of limiting the fertility of Romani women in terms of social, psychological and physical?
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Prevention of nosocomial infections origin and spreading in Český Krumlov a.s. hospital
KOCOURKOVÁ, Lenka
The present Bachelor thesis focuses primarily on the prevention of occurrence of hospital-acquired infections and the causes of spread of these infections across healthcare facilities. The thesis relies on active communication with the coordinator for management of quality and safety of nursing care, who helpfully provided me with valid information and documents relating to the system of hospital-acquired infection prevention, and arranged for sampling for microbiological examinations in postoperative care departments (ONP) - ONP II and ONP - C III, the hospital Nemocnice Český Krumlov a.s. The Bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge related to nosocomial infections as such, the division and manner of transmission, with an emphasis of prevention of occurrence of these infections and spread of the same among "healthy hospitalized persons." The practical part explores the hospital's approved internal documents aimed at prevention of nosocomial infections and training of staff in the healthcare facility. Moreover, the practical part also verifies the prevention of nosocomial infections by means of microbiological tests. The entire research was carried out in cooperation with two hospitals: Nemocnice Český Krumlov a.s., i.e. the location of sampling, and Nemocnice a.s. Prachatice, the location of microbiological processing. The laboratory-based research part was solved in a microbiology laboratory in the hospital Nemocnice Prachatice a.s., with the aim of identifying the individual microorganisms from the smears taken in the postoperative care department in the hospital in Český Krumlov. These smears reflect the quality of the performed hygiene in connection with the risk of occurrence of nosocomial infections. In addition to laboratory-based research activities, the present thesis also examines the current quality and processing of the hospital's internal documents relating to the prevention of nosocomial infections and the training schedule for the hospital's staff in this respect - trainings are conducted on an annual basis. The thesis is concluded by a summary of isolated microorganisms and comparison of these microorganisms in the framework of the two hospital departments. Last but not least, the presence of highly infectious agents for occurrence of nosocomial infections is excluded on the basis of valid legislation. The thesis also provides a result of qualitative processing in a form of recommendations e.g. for improvement of purpose-directed cleaning. The thesis may therefore be used as a tool for improving awareness of this problem area.
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Attitudes of Czechia and Slovakia towards the forced sterilization of Roma women in comparative perspective
Slaninová, Lucie ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis is a comparative two-cases study that compares approaches of Czechia and Slovakia towards forced sterilizations of Roma women that was taking place on their territory during several decades. Sterilization is a medical intervention disabling a human reproduction. Sterilizations were set in the seventies in the former Czechoslovakia in accordance with an eugenics ideology of controlling public reproduction and influencing quality of the society. Ongoing differencies between major society and Roma people lasted for centuries in spite of many attempts to assimilate Roma people and that is the reason why Roma women were the target. However, controlling reproduction of population is violation of human rights. For this reason, both countries had to accept apropriate restrictions. The sterilization policy was ignored for a long time, although complaints and activities of victims started to appear at the beginning of this century. All the speaking victims together with many nongovernmental organizations tried to obtain a compensation for victims of this unlawful policy of forced sterilizations. Therefore, state authorities of both countries started to act. First of all, Slovakia started interrogation as a consequence of a report "Body and Soul" in 2003. A new act of health care providing...
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Transsexuality in law
Nguyenová, Nikola ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Transsexuality in law Abstract Gender reassignment is a topical issue that concerns only a relatively small number of people and is not given the necessary attention in the Czech legal environment, although the legislation is insufficient for a long time and does not comply with internationally recognized human rights standards. The legal system is based on the binary concept of gender and trans people are often unable to place themselves within it. The title of the thesis reflects the legal situation of trans people in the Czech Republic, as the legislation pays attention only to transsexuals and allows them to achieve life in the official gender they identify as. The law forgets other trans people who, for various reasons, do not wish to undergo surgical gender reassignment and, due to unfavorable legislation, have to deal with unpleasant and humiliating situations and discrimination. The thesis provides an explanation of the terminology of the issue, a description of the process of gender reassignment and an analysis of the legal status of transgender people in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on a critical analysis of key aspects of gender reassignment. In addition, the provisions of the Czech legislation in the Civil Code, the Act on Specific Health Services, the Act on Registries and the Act on...
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Design of algorithms for a continuous steam quality measurement system
Hanák, Tomáš ; Tofel, Pavel (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with proposal of algorithm for continuous system of sterilizated steam. At the beginning we deal with the process of sterilization and its methods. Later on we talk over about the saturated steam and parameters of saturated steam. At the end of the bachelors thesis we discuss about current measurement of sterilization steam quality. Then, the procedure of simultaneous measurement of sterilization steam quality is described here. The last part is the evaluation of measured data and presentation of their results.
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