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Optimization of kaoline flocculation process
Kurťák, Marek ; Švec, Jiří (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with flocculation of Karlove Vary area kaolin raw materials, their sedimentation rate and correlation of the flocculation, and sedimentation properties with composition of a particular material. The research was composed of sedimentation rate monitoring, execution of COD test, and subjecting the materials emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, ion chromatography and roentgen diffraction.
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Adjustment of laboratory wastewater containing chromium
Riša, Juraj ; Vomáčková, Alena (referee) ; Pilátová, Ivana (advisor)
The Bachelor Thesis deals with treatment of laboratory waste water containing chrome. It examines the chrome and its compounds in waste water from inorganic laboratory, trying to concentrate it in the waste water. It uses spectrophotometry with diphenylcarbazide as a method to determine concentration of chromium. To diminish the amount of chromium in waste water, precipitation with barium chloride is used prior to regular pressure filtration. Other part of the Thesis focus on the economic effectiveness of the treatment and its comparison to transport of the waste.
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The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Fenmales with Physiologial or Pathological Pregnancy
Polák, Ferdinand ; Závada, Josef (advisor) ; Dyr, Jan (referee) ; Feyereisl, Jaroslav (referee)
The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Females with Physiological or Pathological Pregnancy MUDr. Ferdinand Polák Abstract Introduction: The target of this study was to compare thromboelastography coagulation parameters in the following three groups: a) healthy pregnant women, b) healthy non-pregnant women and c) pregnant women with pathological pregnancy and also to compare it to reference limits for the common population. If appropriate, we would propose recommendations for new reference ranges for pregnant women in their third trimester. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study, comparing, by using thromboelastography, the blood samples of 60 healthy women in their third trimester of pregnancy (group GRAV) to the samples of the control group of 43 healthy non-pregnant fertile women (group NON-GRAV) and to the samples of 50 women with pathological pregnancy (preeclampsia, fetal death) in their third trimester (group PATOL). Selective percentiles were used to determine new reference limits. Results and conclusions: We found statistically significant differences between groups GRAV and NON-GRAV. Therefore, we established, based on our results, new thromboelastography reference limits for pregnant women. Coagulation changes during pathological pregnancy are less...
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Influence of peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa on coagulation process
Barešová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the mechanisms involved in the coagulation of peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, and to describe their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolin suspension. According to the results of jar tests, the coagulation effectiveness and removability of COM peptides/proteins and kaolin particles are heavily dependent on pH value which determines charge characteristics of peptides/proteins, kaolin and hydrolysis products of coagulant and therefore the prevailing mechanisms of interactions between them. Efficient coagulation and the highest removal of COM peptides and proteins were achieved in the pH range of 4-6 due to charge neutralization of peptide/protein negative surface by positively charged hydrolysis products of ferric coagulant. Peptides and proteins contributed to the coagulation of kaolin particles under the reaction conditions mentioned above, too. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms under these conditions. At a low COM/Fe concentration ratio (COM/Fe < 0.33), adsorption of peptides/proteins onto ferric oxide-hydroxide particles, described as the electrostatic patch model, enabled the coagulation in the pH range of 6-8. On the...
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Anticoagulation factors of haematophagous parasites
Skipalová, Karolína ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
2. Abstract Presence of antihaemostasis molekule is essential for the successful reception of food organisms that feed on blood. They are vasodilators, anticoagulant molecules and apyrases that break into the host hemostasis, thus blocking the whole process. This work summarizes all available information about the anticoagulant factors of haematophagous parasites. The blood sucking groups of helminths, arthropods and leeches is particularly inhibitors of serine proteases, which have their inhibitory aktivity directed primarily against thrombin and factor Xa. These are two key factors in the coagulation cascade. Factor X is the first member, where it sets the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. At the same time it arises due to the aktive form of the protein thrombin, which is responsible for the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin, which stops bleeding. In addition to these two factors are inhibited of other members of the cascade. For example the inhibition of komplex factor VII and TF, which has been described in ticks and hookworms. Anticoagulation factors play a crucial role in the transmission of pathogens by blood from the vector into the host. The longer the blood is a liquid, the greater the chance of transmission of the pathogen.
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Aluminium fractionation in water treatment.
Houšková, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
Aluminium and natural organic compounds are common components of surface water in our country. Removal of these substance represents one of basic problems of water treatment. Chemical treatment process is based on particles destabilisation and aggregation. The efficiency of treatment is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions, type and dosage of destabilisation reagens, reactive pH, the mean velocity gradient and the period of its duration). Common water treatment technologies are based on the reagent doeses optimisation. Properties of formed aggregates (namely their size, shape and density) and their separation capabilities are influenced by the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the period of its application. This thesis is focused on the optimisation of doses of alum - Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O and the properties of aggregation. For increasing of alkalinity the lime water was used as an alkalisation reagent. Laboratory tests were conducted by jar test using the variable speed paddle gang stirrer. The result showes that Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O is suitable destabilisation reagens, but salts of the Fe3+ ionts are better.
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Nursing care of patient with coagulopathy.
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Ivana
Abstract This thesis deals with the nursing care for patients with coagulopathy. Its aim is to monitor the issue and create a summary of information about the disease, its distribution, symptoms, possible treatments used in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment options for patients suffering from this disease. The main point of this work is of course the part about nursing care, where the emphasis is laid on the patient and the problems associated with the disease. After that, dealing with a deficit of needs is described where the nurse plays major role, in removing the deficit. Coagulopathy is a general name for diseases that are characterized by increased bleeding disorder or a lack of clotting factors or their inhibitors. The disease can be divided into two basic groups. The first group refers to the coagulopathy, which have originated based on heredity. Conversely, the second group is called up during the life of a patient and is due to the primary disease; that is most commonly impaired liver function. Congenital coagulopathy is often found in the literature under the name of hemophilia. This disease can be further subdivided according to which coagulation factor is violated. If the disorder relates to coagulation factor VIII, we're talking about the type of hemophilia A. Hemophilia B is then characterized by a lack of factor IX. Hemophilia C, which in our geographical conditions doesn't occur, is reported as a deficiency of coagulation factor number XI. Von Willebrand's disease, which is specific deficiency of von Willebrand factor in the coagulation cascade, can also be included among hemophilic disorders. Acquired coagulopathy arises as a secondary disease. Its cause is the liver diseases, which are mostly liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, obstructive jaundice. Coagulopathy, however, can be caused by poisoning by pharmacological drugs. Most are coumarin-type drugs, among which belong Paralen, Warfarin, Macumar. The difference in the treatment of patients with haemophilia and congenital coagulopathies lies in the realization that congenital coagulopathies are the subsequent diseases resulting from complications of the underlying disease. In this work we will also learn about investigative methods that lead to a subsequent diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on medical history, physical examination and subsequent laboratory methods that are most important for us in this disease. Among the basic laboratory tests there belong a blood count and coagulation tests. After that, imaging methods are important in patients with coagulopathy, because they are considered preventive care, preventing patients suffering from this disease from the occurrence of complications. The main point of this work is nursing, in which it is important for us to know how to manage care for patients with this disease and to deprive them of their current deficits of needs. Most often are these deficits associated with increased risk of bleeding and consequent violation of the integrity of the skin or soft tissues. A frequent problem is also the risk of infection. A major problem in the treatment of such patients are disturbances of mental state, where there is mostly disturbed body image due to hematoma forming on the patient's body or frequent bleeding. Patients with coagulopathy should also be aware of the possibilities of the refilling of vitamin K in the diet. Vitamin K is an integral part of the treatment of patients with acquired coagulopathy. A major problem for patients and for us as a medical staff is, after that, deficit of knowledge about the disease and its subsequent treatment by application of intravenous coagulation factor concentrates. In the Czech Republic there are two associations for this kind of patients. We're talking about Hemojunior association, which is intended for children suffering from hemophilia. Patient with this disease should bbe taken as an individual, and thus we should approach him.
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Removal of Selected Components from the Aquatic Environment by Coagulation Process
Měřínská, Zuzana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with coagulation treatment of surface water with content of humic matters, drug residues and turbidity. Commonly used coagulants (ferrous and aluminous sulphate) and natural biopolymer based on chitosan that not yet used in the Czech Republic had been studied. The aim of this work was to found the optimal application of chitosan in water treatment and comparison of its coagulation efficiency with standard inorganic coagulants. Theoretical part of the thesis contains occurrence, classification, composition, properties and importance of humic matters and drug residues and furthermore properties of chitosan and its using in water treatment. Experimental part summarizes the obtained results from the laboratory coagulation tests with inorganic coagulants and with chitosan leading to determination of its optimal dose. Other coagulation experiments were focused on finding the possibilities of combine the two coagulants (ferrous sulphate and chitosan) and to find their optimum doses and suitable ratio. The influence of pH on water treatment with using coagulation was also studied.
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