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Structural and morphological characterization of polyamide buckles
Kubíčková, Eva ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
The work deals with structrural and morphological characterization of polyamide buckles used to fasten webbins. The buckles were produced in five different years, a few of those produced in 2000 and 2004 were broken. The aime is to determine the type of polyamide and the cause of fracture of the buckles during using. The buckles were characterized in terms of structure and composition by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in a mode of attenuated total reflaction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The buckles were made of polyamide 12. The broken buckles showed higher melting point, lower thermal stability and, in addition to modification it also contains modification, which is more fragile and probably represents the cause of fracture.
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Investigation of Functional Properties of Thin NiTi Filaments for Applications in Smart Structures and Hybrid Textiles
Pilch, Jan ; Pokluda, Jaroslav (advisor)
PhD thesis focuses the field of textile application of modern functional materials, namely metallic shape memory alloys with unique thermomechanical properties deriving from martensitic transformation in solid state. Particularly, it deals with the development of a nonconventional thermomechanical treatment of thin NiTi filaments via Joule heating by electric current and related basic research involving thermomechanical testing and modeling of functional properties of the filaments, investigation of martensitic transformations and deformation processes in NiTi and investigation of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in metals heated by short pulses of controlled electric power. The method was developed and called FTMT-EC. In contrast to conventional heat treatment of metallic filaments in environmental furnaces, this method allows for precise control of the raise of the filament temperature and filament stress during the fast heating (rate ~50 000 °C/s). As a consequence, it is possible to precisely control the progress of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in heat treated filaments. In this way it is possible to prepare filaments with desired nanostructured microstructure and related functional properties. A prototype equipment for application of the method for heat treatment of continuous SMA filaments during respooling in textile processing was designed and built. Comparing to the conventional heat treatment of SMA filaments in tubular environmental furnaces, this approach is faster, saves energy and allows for preparation of filaments with special functional properties. International patent application was filed on the method. It is currently utilized in the research and development of smart textiles for medical applications.
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Investigation of Functional Properties of Thin NiTi Filaments for Applications in Smart Structures and Hybrid Textiles
Pilch, Jan ; Dlouhý, Antonín (referee) ; Heczko,, Oleg (referee) ; Pokluda, Jaroslav (advisor)
PhD thesis focuses the field of textile application of modern functional materials, namely metallic shape memory alloys with unique thermomechanical properties deriving from martensitic transformation in solid state. Particularly, it deals with the development of a nonconventional thermomechanical treatment of thin NiTi filaments via Joule heating by electric current and related basic research involving thermomechanical testing and modeling of functional properties of the filaments, investigation of martensitic transformations and deformation processes in NiTi and investigation of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in metals heated by short pulses of controlled electric power. The method was developed and called FTMT-EC. In contrast to conventional heat treatment of metallic filaments in environmental furnaces, this method allows for precise control of the raise of the filament temperature and filament stress during the fast heating (rate ~50 000 °C/s). As a consequence, it is possible to precisely control the progress of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in heat treated filaments. In this way it is possible to prepare filaments with desired nanostructured microstructure and related functional properties. A prototype equipment for application of the method for heat treatment of continuous SMA filaments during respooling in textile processing was designed and built. Comparing to the conventional heat treatment of SMA filaments in tubular environmental furnaces, this approach is faster, saves energy and allows for preparation of filaments with special functional properties. International patent application was filed on the method. It is currently utilized in the research and development of smart textiles for medical applications.
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Initiation and development of cyclic damage in steel for the energy industry
Horník, Vít ; Mazal, Pavel (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
The main content of this master's thesis is a determination of the fatigue properties by using non-destructive testing methods – the acoustic emission technique and the X-ray diffraction. The reactor steel, that is named GOST 15Ch2NMFA, is used as a model material and is used to manufacture VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessels. The supplied material was made of two different steel melting, designated as H and S. For the basic measurement of the fatigue properties the stress-cycle asymmetry R = -1 was used. Some of the samples were used for approximate determination of the fatigue strength stress-cycle asymmetry R = 0. During the loading process the resonance frequency of the loading machine and acoustic emission signals were recorded. The changes in microstructure were estimated from the record of acoustic emissions during the whole fatigue life. The change of the microstructure was experimentally observed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The mechanism of the fatigue can be described by the observation of the microstructural processes as well as the relevant bifurcation with sufficient sensitivity. The results of the used methods indicate a decay and re-growth of mosaic blocks during the whole loading process. Therefore, it is important to find a correlation of these two non-destructive methods, or to use other non-destructive testing methods in the future.
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Results of Anorthite Creation in ceramic Body
Beránková, Karla ; Šveda,, Mikuláš (referee) ; Sokolář, Radomír (advisor)
Anorthite is crystalline phase in the ceramic body. Is acquired on burning a mixture of calcium ceramic raw material. This work deals with the influence on the resulting properties of anorthite ceramic body, especially flexural strength, porosity, shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient. And the influence of different CaO sources on the properties. As a source of CaO was used calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and fluid fly ash.
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The influence of molecular weight of polypropylene on isothermal crystallization of nanocomposites
Krajčik, Ladislav ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
This work deals with the study of the influence of metallocene type polypropylene (mPP) molecular weight on isothermal crystallization of its nanocomposites filled with hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanosilica (1 and 2 vol.%). Real amount of nanosilica was determined by thermogravimetry. Isothermal crystallization was performed on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at 119–125 °C and observed in-situ under optical polarizing microscope (POM) at 128 °C using hot stage. The increase of mPP crystallinity degree in time was determined on DSC and spherulite type and growth rate was determined using POM. Supramolecular surface structure of the original and isothermally crystallited nanocomposites was observed directly or after chemical etching (mixture of mineral acids with KMnO4) on confocal laser scanning microscope. The crystal structure of mPP was in all tested materials verified by X-ray diffraction.
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Material analysis of natural stone - sedimentary and crystalline limestone ("marble") - exact laboratory methods as a tool to determine the source area
Přikryl, Richard ; Šťastná, Aneta ; Kozlovcev, Petr ; Přikrylová, Jiřina ; Zamrazilová, Lenka
Metodika se zabývá hlavními postupy a analytickými rozbory, které lze využít k petrografickému a geochemickému popisu sedimentárních vápenců a mramorů, který poté slouží k určování jejich provenience. V metodice je diskutován rozsah použití jednotlivých metod pro popis sedimentárních a krystalických vápenců („mramorů“) a současné možnosti jejich petrografické klasifikace. Předkládaná metodika je určena pro oblast památkové péče, která využívá výsledků materiálových rozborů objektů kulturního dědictví – sochařských výtvarných děl, architektonických prvků a staveb, zhotovených ze sedimentárního nebo krystalického vápence. Výsledky, dosažené pomocí postupů, navržených v této metodice by měly přispět: (1) ke zpřesnění znalostí o materiálu; (2) ke sjednocení postupů, používaných při klasifikaci vápenců a mramorů; (3) k nalezení zdrojové lokality či alespoň oblasti, z níž byl přírodní kámen (vápenec a mramor) odebírán; (4) k hledání vhodného náhradního typu vápence nebo mramoru při nutnosti výměny; (5) k poznání vhodných postupů při restaurování objektů ze sedimentárního nebo krystalické vápence. Oblast využití této metodiky je tedy při předrestaurátorských materiálových průzkumech památek, na nichž byl použit příslušný typ přírodního kamene, tedy vápenec nebo mramor. Předložená metodika je určena širšímu okruhu specialistů, kteří se podílejí na předrestaurátorských materiálových průzkumech památek, nebo rozbor zadávají, či výsledky průzkumu potřebují pro volbu vhodné strategie restaurování. Metodika byla certifikována dne 28. 5. 2015, Osvědčení č. 34(č.j. MK 3363/2015 OVV; sp. zn. MK-S 115/2015 OVV).
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF
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Preparation and characterization of selected optical materials
Hulicius, Eduard
Crystal structure and technology procedure was optimized to obtained better parameters of PL and RL as well as homogeneity of structure. Structural and optical parameters were measured and evaluated; their influence on crystal characteristics was discussed. New improved material was proposed. P.W = Peak wavelength; P.I = Peak intensity; FWHM = Full With in Half Maximum; D.W = dominant wavelength; I.W = integral w.; I.I = integrated intensity; R.F = reflectivity; T.H = thickness were measured.
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