|
|
Use of algae for production of biomass and bioproducts
Slonek, Jaroslav ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis is focused on description of use of algae for biomass and bioproducts production. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the taxonomic classification of algae and a basic summary of the characteristics of the different algal groups. The next part is aimed at bioproducts, which are obtained by algae cultivation and possibilities of further processing for energy purposes are also described. As for the cultivation, the emphasis is on modern methods in this area, i.e. on the possibility of using waste products in the culture process. In the next part, technological parameters of cultivation are discussed, for instance effects of technological parameters on growth and composition of biomass and production of desired products. The next chapter summarizes types of used culture bioreactors in which the growth of biomass occurs in a controlled environment. The information obtained and collected in the thesis is further discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
|
|
|
Isolation of active compounds from algae and their application in cosmetic products
Nováková, Laura ; Byrtusová, Dana (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is dedicated to the study of active substances and antioxidant effects of cultivated microalgae. We compared the results with a commercial alga that is freely available. In the theoretical part we focused on description of algal metabolites in cosmetics and a brief description of the methods used in their testing. In the experimental part there were analyzed three types of extracts (aqueous, alcohol and oil) from 4 species of algae. It is mainly the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity that is determined. According to the results, the highest content of active substances was found in oil extracts. All extracts were encapsulated into liposomes. The average size of the nanoparticles was in range of 200 nm to 300 nm. The particles were stable enough also for long-term stability. The largest decrease was observed in the oil extract of the cultivated algae Chlorella vulgaris. The cytotoxicity of oil extracts was realized by MTT test on human cell cultures HaCaT. Finally, we concluded that the prepared liposomal particles could be used for anti-aging cosmetics.
|
|
| |
|
|
The evolution of auxin metabolism, signalling and transport in the green lineage (Viridiplantae)
Schmidt, Vojtěch ; Petrášek, Jan (advisor) ; Fendrych, Matyáš (referee)
Phytohormone auxin is an essential coordinator of growth and development within land- plants. Mechanisms of auxin action in algae is still poorly understood, given that related research has begun recently. Current progress is derived mainly from available sequence data, which are necessary for analysis of gene homology with higher plants. In this case with the genes related to auxin action mechanisms, e.g. metabolism, signaling and transport. Auxin biosynthesis predated the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, but tighter regulation of auxin levels is the matter of land-plants. First auxin responses were probably non-transcriptional. Transcription-regulating nuclear signaling pathway assembled from more ancient domains, some of them were identified in Charophyta, but whole pathway was complete after colonization of land. Auxin transport out of the cell was one of the original mechanisms of regulating its levels. More sophisticated auxin carrier system was proposed to evolve in Charophyta, where polar auxin transport was identified. Auxin as a signaling molecule was present in primitive algae groups, but its response spectrum dramatically increased after colonization of land. Future research of auxin action evolution needs more model organisms to be established, especially from Charophyta....
|
|
|
Studijní materiály pro badatelsky orientované vyučování k tématu sinic a řas na středních školách
HNÁTEK, David
Introduction of the thesis deals with inquiry-based science learning - from the level of research to its evaluation. The following practical advice summarize information about the possibilities of obtaining natural material for teaching, creating permanent diatom preparations and examples of suitable determination literature for teachers. The main part of this work presents 12 elaborated study materials for research teaching method divided into five phycologically oriented topics: (1) cyanobacterial and algal physiology, (2) biodiversity of standing waters, (3) algae defense mechanisms, (4) cyanobacteria and algae like bioindicators, (5) substances in cyanobacteria and algae and their importance for humans. Individual study materials contain information on the level of research, methodological guidance for teachers with a theoretical basis and introductory questions to motivate students, as well as a recording sheet for students and, in conclusion, own proposed solution for teachers. Another part of this thesis is a comparison of inquiry-based science learning with frontal education, which is done by didactic test.
|
|
|
The issue of biotic attack of ETICS
Těžká, Adéla ; Žák,, Antonín (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of biotic attack of ETICS contact insulation systems. The theoretical part is focused on the individual components of ETICS, both from the point of view of materials and from the point of view of individual steps. In addition, there are organisms that cause biotic attack on facades. The practical part deals with the possibilities of testing the resistance of the surface treatment of ETICS against biotic attack, both in laboratory conditions and in the exterior.
|
|
|
Floristicko-ekologická studie oblasti Bystřicka se zaměřením na ekologii zelených volvokálních řas
HNÁTEK, David
Since 1889 twenty-two different species of colonial algae from the order Volvocales have been found in the Czech Republic according to the available algological literature. In this work the morphology and ecology of these species is described in detail. Besides investigating the literature resources, I performed my own floristic research of twenty ponds near Bystřice u Benešova. Phytoplankton samples from these ponds were taken in spring, summer, and autumn of years 2014 and 2015 using phytoplankton net and at the same time the environmental characteristics such as pH, conductivity, water transparency, temperature, and degree of shading were measured. Cyanobacteria and algae in the samples were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and their relative abundance was assessed. The differences in species composition between ponds and between seasons were compared using basic statistical methods and relationship between environmental factors and species composition was studied.
|
|
|
Production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by some yeasts and algae
Šimanský, Samuel ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis focuses on production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts, autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. Different forms of stress were applied on selected strains and its influence was subsequently compared. The theoretical part deals with the processing of knowledge about selected strains of yeast, algae and cyanobacteria. There are also mentioned the selected metabolites (lipids, carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone and chlorophyll) and the possibilities of their determination. The experimental part deals primarily with the influence of nutritional stress on the production of selected metabolites and the yeast biomass, namely their growth properties on waste fat. Furthermore, there was monitored the effect of elevated and reduced temperature on the cultivation of yeasts, algae and cyanobacteria. Osmotic stress experiments were also carried out by the addition of NaCl. As the most suitable strain for decomposition of the waste fat was selected Sporidiobolus pararoseus, particularly because of its high content of carotenoids, ergosterols and ubiquinone in biomass. Changes in temperature, or increased osmotic pressure had in the most cases a negative effect on biomass production.
|
|
|
Use of algae extracts in cosmetics
Plášková, Anna ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis is focused on a preparation of extracts from selected species of algal and cyanobacterial strains, their characterization, a cytotoxicity testing and a use in cosmetic products. The theoretical part contains the review of a taxonomic classification and parameters of algae and cyanobacteria and basic information about used organisms. There is a description of the most significant factors influencing the algae cultivation and production of biomass. Further, active substances of algae and cyanobacteria, which could be used in cosmetic products as UV protective substances, were described. An overview of extraction techniques, encapsulation of active substance into liposomes and particles characterization, antioxidant activity analysis, and cytotoxicity tests is given too. In experimental part, antioxidant activity of algal extracts and chlorophyll a and carotenoid content were determined spectrophotometrically. The long-term stability of extracts was monitored for three weeks. Liposomes were prepared by sonification and encapsulation activity was analysed. The Dynamic Light Scattering method (DLS) was used for analysis of polydispersity and size of liposomes. Colloid stability of particles was determined by zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using MTT assay. The prepared extracts, particles and lyophilized biomass of algal and cyanobacterial strain were further used as active substances in the formulation of cosmetic products (type o/w). These creams were tested on human skin.
|
|
|
Fungal parasites as a factor affecting the dynamics of microalgal communities
Rosa, Jan ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with fungal parasites which are an important factor that affects the dynamics of microalgal communities. Here I sum up the knowledge of parasites especially from Oomycota and Chytridiomycota along with a little focus on other groups. The basic characteristics of these fungal parasites, such as their host specificity and factors that affect their spreading ability between algal hosts, are summarized. The abiotic factors such as light and temperature, which are the most important factors causing epidemic, are mainly discussed. The fungal parasites can change the maximal population size and are able to alter the competitive relationships in microalgal communities. These factors are discussed in individual algal groups. The fungal parasites could be a negative economic player of the bioindustry and their future role in this industry is also discussed. Key words: parasite, host, host specificity, communities dynamics, algae, fungi, phytoplankton
|
guest ::
