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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHANGE OF VEHICLE FLEET FROM CLASSIC TO ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Růžičková, Tereza ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Branžovský, Antonín (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with clean mobility, which becomes one of the current topics of today's society. Limited oil reserves and the state of the environment leads the goverments of developer countries to introduce alternative fuels in transport. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the economic costs and benefits of the practical application of clean mobility and to answer the question if the using of alternative fuels is economically rational. The Response is influenced by many factors and depends on the type of alternative fuel, the legislative framework of the country, the society awareness and others. Strength of the CNG's alternative fuel is mainly the lower fuel cost as well as for electromobility. The weakness of these fuels is the insufficient accessibility network of filling / charging places. An economic analysis of vehicle fleet modification of the Czech Environmental Inspectorate demonstrates that, under the current conditions, it is less costly to operate a vehicle with CNG alternative fuel. It is valid as well when the social cost of emissions are included.
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Pre-feasibility study of commercial LNG production in the Czech Republic
Obergruber, Michal ; Špaček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hönig, Vladimír (referee)
Due to the shortage of oil and the current environmental pollution problems, there is a growing need for alternative energy sources. Compressed or liquefied natural gas is shown as a prospective fuel. For LNG, consumption of 100 million Nm3/year is predicted by 2030. This work aims to prepare a pre-feasibility study for the production of LNG in the Czech Republic, which would be able to cover this predicted demand. The economic concept of the chemistry-engineering approach provides comprehensive information about the topic. The results show that the planned plant will unfortunately not be profitable, as compared to the current LNG price imported to European seaports, the price of the produced product in the factory considered would be roughly twice as high.
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Agropellets for House Boilers
Čaňo, Lubomír ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the characteristics of the agropellets and with their combustion in the house combustion units. In the introduction of the first part is described what the agropellets are and how they are produced. It is followed by a characteristics of the agropellets as a fuel and by their comparison to the other solid fuels. The end of the first part is dedicated to a combustion itself and the creation of emissions during it’s combustion. The second part of the bachelor thesis is focused on a practical verification of the characteristics of the selected agropellets as a fuel. It also includes the experimentally measured values of emissions during their combustion.
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Alternative Biomass Fuels Properties
Krejčiřík, Jiří ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis follows up attributes of alternative fuels made from biomass and burning them in home combustion equipment with taking into account the process of creating emissions of solid pollutants. There can be found definition of solid alternative fuels with descripition of how are they made and also their attributes as fuels in the first chapter of this thesis. In the second part can be found description of burning alternative fuels made from biomass with taking into account the process of creating emissions. The third chapter of this bachelor thesis is focused on experimental testing of fuel attributes of alternative fuels made from biomass. There is also practical test of creating emissions with focus on creating solid pollutants in this part.
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Future Trends for Passenger Car Powertrains
Bureš, David ; Drápal, Lubomír (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis analyses existing and potential future propulsion technologies in passenger cars. Propulsion technologies are evaluated based on their efficiency, emissions, and amount of vibration. They are then compared with propulsion technologies in current use. Probability of usage from 2020 to 2040 is predicted for each evaluated technology.
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Future Trends for Truck Car Powertrains
Střítežský, David ; Prokop, Aleš (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis is focused on alternative drivetrains used in trucks. There is evaluation of theirs advantages, disadvantages and probability of future expansion, mostly in Europe. There are also several examples of projects of alternative drivetrains in various stages of realization. In the end there is a reflection about which alternative can replace the traditional combustion engine.
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Influence of Inert Gases on Characteristic Parameters of Combustion Process
Hudák, Igor ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Odstrčil, Miloslav (referee) ; Hájek, Jiří (advisor)
The dissertation thesis is focused on the investigation of the influence of inert gases on characteristic parameters of the combustion process. Inert gases are usually standard components of alternative gaseous fuels such as the producer gas, coal gas or biogas. For a long period some of the fuels were considered as waste gases and their potential was not sufficiently utilised. Compared with noble fuels such as natural gas, alternative fuels have different physical-chemical properties. For example, their lower heating value (LHV) can be lower even than 10 MJ/mN3. The composition of the alternative gaseous fuels can be various during their production process. Lower LHV is a result of the occurrence of inert gases that does not take a part in the combustion reactions. Inert gases have the ability to accumulate the heat. Under certain conditions it is possible to combust alternative fuels on conventional burners, but due to their different properties, problems can occur during the combustion. E.g. to achieve the same heat output as with the noble fuel, it is necessary to burn bigger volume of the alternative fuel. However, the limiting factor could be the burner's head geometry. Theoretical introduction of the thesis summarizes research results in the field of low calorific gaseous fuels combustion and the addition of inert gases into the noble fuels. The thesis also describes the mechanisms of the NOx formation and summarizes techniques which can be used to reduce NOx formation. Furthermore, fuels from alternative sources are categorized and described, including their composition and characteristics. Their physical-chemical properties were obtained by means of the combustion simulation carried out in the simulation software. Two devices had to be designed and manufactured to fulfil goals of the dissertation thesis. The first is a gas mixing station capable of mixing 4 different components. The second device is a burner utilized for the combustion of low calorific fuels. The key section of this thesis is a chapter describing the experimental plan, the performance and the evaluation of the experiments. The goal of the experiments was to dilute the natural gas by two inert gases, namely carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The lowest LHV value achieved during the experiment was 10,7 MJ/mN3. The influence of the inert gases on the NOx emissions, the flame stability and characteristics, the flue gas temperature, the in-flame temperatures, the heat flux and the thermal efficiency was investigated and evaluated. Each parameter was measured and evaluated for three different burners: the burner with the staged gas, the burner with the staged air and the burner for low calorific fuels. Generally, after the addition of the inert gas into the noble fuel, the in-flame temperatures decreased. As a consequence, the NOx emissions decreased as well. The effects of carbon dioxide on the investigated combustion parameters were more substantial than the effects of nitrogen. Each measured parameter is strongly dependent on the burner geometry. The experiments revealed that in most cases the addition of the inert gas into the fuel influenced the flame length (flame shortened) and also more heat was transfered into the chamber's walls closer to the burner tile.
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Alternative fuels for diesel engines
Baránek, Adam ; Mauder, Tomáš (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
Internal combustion engines have become part of everyday life. Because oil reserves are diminishing and there is evidence of environment harmfulness of oil combustion, there is an increasing use of alternative fuels. This thesis will outline of the most commonly used alternative fuels in diesel engines with a list of advantages and disadvantages, possibilities of current use and their potential development.
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Agropellets Properties
Němeček, David ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis solves problems of combustion of agropellets and the advantages and disadvantages, which are connected with their application in combustion devices. In this thesis at first there is divided biomass, where it primarily concentrates on the plant biomass and it constitutes some used types, which are used to a fuel production. In the next part it solves problems of production of pellets, the advantages and disadvantages of this production and the advices for superior pellets. In the final theoretical part it solves combustion of this fuel. It is about properties of pellets, problems of combustion and this work also deals with emissions of combustion agropellets. In the last part the thesis engages in experimental detection of agropellets properties and plant biomass as such and subsequent comparison to wood biomass and tabular values.
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Reducing CO2 Emission in Air Transport
Fričová, Barbora ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Kaddour, Mirvat (advisor)
Reducing CO2 emission in air transport is the main theme of this master´s thesis. As the public interest in aviation and climate change is world´s growing it could be consider as a hot topic. As a response to public interest was the creation of contracts, standards and limits of carbon dioxide emissions. The master´s thesis is divided into several parts. The first is mapping of global air traffic and carbon dioxide emissions. The second part deals with European approach to solving problems of reducing CO2 emissions follows by description of ICAO Aeroplane CO2 emissions standard. The part of the thesis is the overview of the use of biofuels in aviation and their price. The conclusion summarizes all knowledge learned while working on this thesis.
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