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Preparation and Properties of Mercury Films on Solid Amalgam Surface
Josypčuk, Bohdan
There have been suggested a simple electrolyzer and a reliable procedure for preparation of mercury films with precisely defined thickness on a conducting surface. A small volume of electrolyte which can be used more times and a paste amalgam which cannot spill substantially decrease a risk of environment contamination. Measurements were parallelly performed on a liquid mercury free silver solid amalgam electrode (AgSAE), on a mercury meniscus modified AgSAE and on HMDE for comparing their properties with those of the mercury film electrodes (MF-AgSAE). A current response of the film electrodes is the biggest. The peak width, which determines the method resolution, is smallest on the film electrodes. Range of working potentials on MF-AgSAE is comparable with one on HMDE in different supporting electrolytes.
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Preparation Techniques and Characterization of Electrodes with Nanostructured Surface
Hrdý, Radim ; Trnková, Libuše (referee) ; Janderka,, Pavel (referee) ; Hubálek, Jaromír (advisor)
Nowadays, nanostructures fixed on solid substrates and colloidal nanoparticles permeate through all areas of human life, in area of sensors and detection as well. This dissertation thesis deals with the fabrication of nanostructures on the surface of planar electrodes via self-ordered nanoporous template of aluminum trioxide. The nanofabrication, as one of many possible techniques, is used to increase the active surface area of electrodes by creating unique surface types with specific properties. These electrodes are very perspective in the applications, such as biomolecules electrochemical detection and measurement. The transformation of aluminum layer into non-conductive nanoporous template in the process of anodic oxidation is a fundamental technique employed to obtain the array of nanostructures in this thesis. The fabrication of high quality nanoporous membranes with narrow pore size distribution on various types of metallic multilayers is one of the key experimental parts in this work. Several problems associated with the production of the thin-film systems, including the dissolving the barrier oxide layer, are discussed and solved. Another part of this work deals with the use of nanoporous membrane as a template for the production of metallic nanostructures via electrochemical metal ions deposition directly into the pores. The obtained nanostructures as nanowires, nanorods or nanodots are characterized by the scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive or wavelength X-ray spectroscopy. The electrode surface, modified by gold nanostructures suitable for the detection of biomolecules, has been chosen for the electrochemical measurements, due to the gold biocompatibility. The nanostructured electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The effect of nanostructured surface geometrical parameters, including the size of the electrochemically active area, on the results of electrochemical measurements has been observed and compared to flat gold electrodes. Two model biomolecules, namely guanine and glutathione, have been chosen for the study of potential application of these nanostructures in biosensors.
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Transport of Electric Charge in Tantalum Capacitor
Pelčák, Jaromír ; Koktavý, Bohumil (referee) ; Hájek, Karel (referee) ; Grmela, Lubomír (advisor)
The task of the thesis was studding of tantalum capacitors with solid electrolytes properties. Ta – Ta2O5 – MnO2 capacitor by its construction represents MIS structure, where tantalum anode has metal conductivity and MnO2 cathode is semiconductor. Isolation layer consists of tantalum pentoxide Ta2O5 with relative permitivity r = 27. Dielectric thickness is typically in range from 30 to 150nm. The capacitor charge is not only stored and accumulated on electrodes but also in localised states (oxide vacancies) in isolation layer. The capacitor connected in normal mode represents MIS structure polarized in reveres direction when the applied voltage higher potential barrier between semiconductor - MnO2 cathode and isolation of Ta2O5. The transport of charge carriers via isolation layer is determined by Poole-Frenkel mechanisms and tunnelling. Poole-Frenkel mechanism of charge transport is dominant in low intensity of electric field. Tunnelling determines current at higher electric field intensity. During low intensity of electric field ohmic component is also presented which is determined by volume of resistance of impurities in isolation layer due to donor states of oxygen vacancies. Based on the modelling of measured VA characteristics is possible to estimate determine dielectric thickness of Ta2O5 and determine share of Poole-Frenkelov and tunnel current and charge transportation. The thesis is described charge transport and charge concentration on tantalum capacitor in low frequency area and analysis of capacitor behaviour at frequency band. The first impulse for the thesis was an effort to create equivalent circuit diagram of tantalum capacitor in respect of its physical and electrical behaviour. There is an opportunity to study and determine electric charge transport and its accumulation based on the equivalent circuit diagram structure. There is also a chance to define and trace potential barriers and charge distribution in the capacitor structure based on an measurement and carried out experiments. This methodology and analysis consists of electrical characteristic determination to create physical model of the capacitor describing it function, properties and behaviour.
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Application of Sol-Gel Method for Preparation of Dicalcium Silicate and its Solid Solutions
Baráček, Jan ; Živica, Vladimír (referee) ; Rovnaníková, Markéta (referee) ; Palou, Martin (advisor)
The subject of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the mechanism of reaction leading to the formation of dicalcium silicate (C2S), its solid solutions and other phosphatic calcium silicate phases using the sol-gel method of synthesis. SiO2 (Tosil A), CaO (calcium nitrate tetra-hydrate) and H3PO4 (as a source of P2O5) were used as starting materials. Series of samples with different content of P2O5 were synthesized. The characterization of Tosil A and samples was based on the following methods: DTA/TGA and EGA, XRD and SEM and EDS analy-ses. It is known, that phosphorous oxide can enter the structure of C2S and possibly form solid solutions and different phosphatic calcium silicate phases in C2S–C3P system. Depending on the P2O5 concentration in mixtures, three distinct phases are formed: larnite (2CaO•SiO2), Ca14,92(PO4)2,35(SiO4)5,65 and 5CaO•SiO2•P2O5, as detected by XRD. Local microanalysis de-monstrated the presence of calcium phosphate epicenters (C3P) containing SiO2, calcium sili-cate (C2S) zones with minimum content of P2O5 and intermediary areas of various phosphatic calcium silicates. The formation of two distinct islets of C2S and C3P is due the affinity of acid oxides (SiO2, P2O5) towards the basic one (CaO) during the sol-gel process. Then, the formation of various phosphatic calcium silicates results from the diffusion of P2O5 and SiO2 towards calcium silicate and calcium phosphate, respectively.
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Influence of surface electrodes on the ozone generation in the dielectric barrier discharge.
Mierna, Jana ; Dzik, Petr (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of influence of adsorbed gases on the electrode surface on ozone generation in dielectric barrier discharge. The theoretical part describes some basic properties and applications of ozone, methods of its generation, determination and interaction with the solid surfaces. In the experimental part was studied formation of ozone by the recombination of molecules and atoms of oxygen on the wall of electrodes and also its destruction caused by the reaction with particles present in closed ozoniser without discharge. Ozone was generated in cylindrical configuration system of electrodes made of staniless steel and alumina ceramics as dielectric material. Several series of experiments were measured by using various operating gases (oxygen; oxygen and argon; oxygen and nitrogen). It was also examined the decrease of generated ozone concentration in long-term operation by using pure oxygen of 99,999 90 % as a feeding gas. The resulting ozone concentration for given reaction time of individual measurements was determined by the method of absorption spectrometry.
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Processing and properties of novel magnetoelectric and multiferroic ceramic materials
Osička, Luděk ; Pouchlý, Václav (referee) ; Maca, Karel (advisor)
A literature review on the topic of ferroic and multiferroic solid solutions of BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and EuTiO3 forms the first part of this master thesis. The second part describes the experimental preparation and evaluation of the properties of samples of europium strontium titanates - EuxSr1-xTiO3. First, the high temperature solid state synthesis was carried out and relative density and open porosity of the sintered samples were evaluated. The sintered samples showed open porosity higher than 10%. The reasons for this behavior were evaluated and described from the point of view of experimental conditions and thermodynamical calculations. Finally, electric and dielectric properties of selected samples were measured. These results show that these samples are insulators and their residual conductivity is caused probably by oxygen vacancies, arising from the synthesis in a strongly reducing atmosphere of pure hydrogen.
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Mechanical behaviour of variably saturated clay fills
Kostkanová, Vladislava ; Boháč, Jan (advisor) ; Kurka, Jan (referee) ; Vaníček, Ivan (referee)
Mechanical behaviour of variably saturated clay fills VLADISLAVA KOSTKANOVÁ Ph.D. Thesis - English Abstract The excavated overburden from open-cast coal mines is end-dumped in fills. Clay type soil prevails among the filled soils in North-western Bohemia. As a consequence of the character and state of the soil, together with the mining and dumping technology, a typical lumpy structure of the clay fill is formed. The filled lumps range in size and vary in mechanical properties, but stiff to solid lumps up to 0.5 m in size are prevalent. Large and open macrovoids between the single lumps are a characteristic feature of the clay fills. Clay fills exhibit a double porosity structure, consisting of intergranular porosity between the lumps and intragranular porosity inside them. The total porosity of the freshly filled soils can reach 70%. This type of clay fill structure is metastable. This thesis focuses on the problematic behaviour of clay fill soils due to their metastable structure and their partly saturated state. Long-term monitoring of matric suction at depths up to 2 metres in two reclaimed clay fills revealed two different trends. Seasonally-dependent suction oscillations were recorded in the moderate slope of the clay fill in the Bílina mine, while no suction pointing to fully saturated conditions was...
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Spectral properties of basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear
Jozíf, Lukáš ; Dušek, Daniel (referee) ; Mišun, Vojtěch (advisor)
This thesis aims to verify the function of the cochlea as a spectrum analyzer based on computational modeling of macro-mechanics of the cochlea using FEM. I aim to identify the spectrum of the basilar membrane, which is dependent on the variability of geometry, material characteristics and the presence of liquid environments. Interactions between liquid and solid phases is described by fluid-structure interaction in the system ANSYS. The model is linear and does not pursue an active policy of metabolic processes. Further the work focuses on the decomposition of the sound and check of two best known hypotheses about the transmission frequency of the sound to the brain.
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