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Synthesis and Study of Properties of Aza-analogues of Phthalocyanines
Nováková, Veronika ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Kuča, Kamil (referee) ; Kubát, Pavel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate Mgr. Veronika Nováková Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Synthesis and study of properties of aza-analogues of phthalocyanines Phthalocyanines (Pc) and their azaanalogues azaphthalocyanines (Azapc) are planar macrocyclic compounds with significant absorption band at 620-720 nm finding application in the areas such as photodynamic therapy, chemical catalysis and solar cells. Photophysical (fluorescence) and photochemical (singlet oxygen production) parameters are important in above mentioned applications. Peripheral substituents of Pc/AzaPc play key role in this case. Alkylsulfanyl and alkyloxy derivatives exerted high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) as well as quantum yields of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ). On the other hand, alkylamino substitution led to almost zero values of both ΦF and Φ∆. These derivatives have recently found new application as dark quenchers in DNA hybridization probes. The first part of this thesis demonstrated that intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is responsible for zero values of quantum yields of alkylamino AzaPc and that the lone electron pair of peripheral nitrogen is a donor for ICT in AzaPc....
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Interactions of new compounds with constitutive androstane receptor
Lágnerová, Jitka ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Jitka Lágnerová Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interactions of new compounds with constitutive androstane receptor Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in a broad range of biological processes. Pregnan X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are members of the orphan NR subfamily, that were originally defined as xenobiotic sensors regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in order to protect the body from toxic chemicals. Alteration in CAR function may impact not only pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs but also endocrine homeostasis, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to verified interactions of newly synthesized compounds with human CAR. Using the methods of gene-reporter assay and two- hybrid assay we tested 40 agents in various concentrations in HepG2 and LS174T cell lines. As the direct ligands of hCAR with significant transcriptional activity we have identified two substances, namely 2 - (3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline-4-thiol, resp. -ol used in concentration of 10 µM. In the future, the...
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Molecular diagnosis of viral hepatitis C - personal experience from routine laboratory
Horáčková, Veronika ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Fajfr, Miroslav (referee)
Author: Veronika Horáčková Title: Molecular diagnosis of viral hepatitis C - personal experience from routine laboratory Bachler work Field of study: Medical laboratory technician, combined study form The aim of the study: Introduction to the issues concerning the viral Hepatitis C with an emphasis on the laboratory diagnostics thereof. Statistical processing of the Hepatitis C virus genotype analysis results. Material and methods: In the period of 1 July 2005 - 30 June 2012, the Hepatitis C virus genotype analysis was performed in respect of 2 185 samples at the division of molecular biological diagnostics of the serology laboratory of the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the General Faculty Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, using the reverse hybridization method. The testing results were statistically processed. Results: Of the set of 2 185 samples, 1 372 (62,8 %) originated from males and 813 (37,2 %) from females, with the average age of patients included in the set being 36,7 years. The majority of requests for the HCV genotype analysis originated from specialists in Prague (91,0 %). The genotype analysis demonstrated the highest prevalence of the 1b genotype (51,6 %), followed by the 3a genotype (22,6 %). The prevalence...
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Approximate String Matching in Preprocessed Documents
Toth, Róbert ; Košař, Vlastimil (referee) ; Kaštil, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the problem of approximate string matching, also called string matching allowing errors. The thesis targets the area of offline algorithms, which allows very fast pattern matching thanks to index created during initial text preprocessing phase. Initially, we will define the problem itself and demonstrate variety of its applications, followed by short survey of different approaches to cope with this problem. Several existing algorithms based on suffix trees will be explained in detail and new hybrid algorithm will be proposed. Algorithms wil be implemented in C programming language and thoroughly compared in series of experiments with focus on newly presented algorithm.
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Logical Representation of Language Structures
Novák, Václav
This thesis is meant as a basis for a semantic annotation manual. The annotation will translate the logical structure of written and spoken speech by a language-independent manner. The basis for this thesis can be found in temporal logic of Mark Steedman and the formalism introduced here elaborates on Patrick Blackburn's hybrid multimodal logic and Dependency Grammar Logic of Geert-Jan Kruijff, although it represents not the level of linguistic meaning but rather the level of logical meaning (content). The main issues discussed in this thesis are input text segmentation into logical units, discourse referents representation, time-spatial representation, the impact of topic-focus articulation on the logical content and the semantic categories needed for the annotation. In the last two chapters a complete discourse example and the annotation of 37 test cases of Jan Hajič are presented.
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Artificial Intelligence for the Bang! Game
Daniláková, Monika ; Pilát, Martin (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
This work explores artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the game Bang!, a Wild West-themed card game created by Italian game designer Emiliano Sciarra. The aim of this work was to design three different AIs for this game and to compare them theoretically and experimentally. First, we analyzed game Bang! with regards to game theory, and researched some of the AI algorithms used in similar games. We then designed three different AIs algorithms and compared their advantages and disadvantages. These three AIs included an AI based on the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm, a genetic AI and a hybrid AI using elements of both previous AIs. We also implemented the game itself and the AIs in C#. The implementation makes it easy to add more AIs or client applications in the future, and also to compare and train the AIs. Finally, we experimentally compared the implemented AIs. The genetic AI performed the best, while Monte Carlo Tree Search AI and the hybrid AI were less suitable for this game. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Karyotype analysis of selected representatives of two pedipalpid orders, Amblypygi and Uropygi
Sember, Alexandr ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Ráb, Petr (referee)
Karyotype analysis of selected species from arachnid orders Amblypygi and Uropygi Whip spiders (Amblypygi) and whip scorpions (Uropygi) represent relict arachnid orders which has been found already at Upper Carboniferous strata. Although cytogenetic data from amblypygids and uropygids might be important to reconstruct karyotype evolution of arachnids, cytogenetics of these orders is almost unknown. Presented study is aimed in analysis of karyotype and meiosis in 16 species of Amblypygi and 4 species of Uropygi. Both groups are characterized by considerable range of diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 24 - 86 in Amblypygi and 36 - 66 in Uropygi). Analysed species does not exhibit morfologically differentiated sex chromosomes. Differentiation of sex chromosomes on molecular level was revealed in amblypygid Paraphrynus mexicanus by comparative genome hybridization. Obtained data indicate XY/XX sex chromosome system in this species. Comparison of karyotype data indicates reduction of chromosome numbers during evolution of both orders. In Amblypygi, this reduction was accompanied by increase of number of biarmed chromosomes. This trend is not apparent in Uropygi. Karyotypes of most analysed amblypygids and uropygids are also characterized by low amount of heterochromatin. Most studied species exhibit two pairs...
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Examination of Potential Ligands of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR
Zadák, Vojtěch ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Jampílek, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Vojtěch Zadák Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Examination of potential ligands of the constitutive androstane receptor CAR Year of completion: 2010 The constitutive androstane receptor - CAR is a representative of nuclear receptors that form a super-family of ligand-activated transcription factors regulating expression of target genes. In the last decade, CAR was mainly investigated in connection with an induction of biotransformation enzymes by remedies or other xenobiotics but in the past few years the research has also concentrated on a role of this receptor in hormone, lipid and energy homeostasis. Recently, there have been revealed some new important metabolic functions of CAR that may establish this "xenobiotic receptor" as a new therapeutic target for treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. The aim of this experimental rigorous thesis has been the examination of potential ligands of the human CAR (hCAR) from a given group of 16 chemicals with a defined structure. Using methods gene reporter assay, two-hybrid assay and one-hybrid assay we have tested this group from the perspective of an interaction with hCAR. The...
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