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Wage differentials Men and Women in the Professional Category of Scientists and Knowledge Workers
Jeníková, Barbora ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Voráček, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with different incomes of men and women in the professional category of scientists and intellectual workers and aims to describe the reasons and the degree of income inequality between men and women in this category and in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The theoretical resources of the thesis are a compilation of facts and opinions of the authors and scientists who are engaged in the area of (gender) income inequality. The chapters gradually reveal the state of gender inequality in selected regions of the world - the U.S.A, Asia and Europe, including the legislative framework. The following chapter is based on available statistical information reflects the situation in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part ends with a description of the indicators of income inequality. Practical part of this thesis works with SILC2009 data for the category of scientific and intellectual workers in terms of dependent variables affecting the amount of income for both sexes and compares the results against each other. For complete the overall view on the topic of gender income inequality was made research of respondents' awareness of the issue
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Interactions of taxes and transfers in the Czech Republic
Látalová, Jana ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
The personal income taxes as well as individual welfare benefits are among the basic tools of redistribution in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis concentrates on the qualification of the transfers realized with the help of these tools and the identification of the recipients of these transfers. The theoretical part of this work introduces both redistributing systems and analyzes possible tools of redistribution. The reader is introduced into the problems caused by both systems and also possible solutions. The systems have been dealt with separately so far. The final part of my work therefore brings among other things a different perspective on the change of the distribution of income before and after taxation and before and after receiving social transfers. Gini index and graphic representation of the effect of redistribution at the Lorenz curve are used here. The final part of my work also summarizes data on the income distribution in the Czech Republic and on the changes caused by the taxation or provision of social transfers.
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Income redistribution and measurement of income inequality in the Czech republic
Beldíková, Michaela ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Roženský, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis is focused on questions of state redistribution and income inequality in the Czech republic. It explains the main ideas of state redistribution, income inequality and relation between them. It anlyzes the particular instruments of state redistribution such as tax systems and systems of social transfers which the government uses to achiave more equal distribution of incomes in society. The object of the thesis is to find out how the particular instruments contribute to filling the essentials goal - lower the income inequality in society. It is based on the data from years 2006 until 2008 from the statistics of household accounts published on the web site of the Czech statistical office. Finally, it is devoted to the trends of state redistribution and income inequality in OECD countries.
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Indicators of poverty and their construction
Zelenková, Jana ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The thesis concerns issue of the economic growth or income as a sufficient indicator to size up poverty situation and its development. The aim of the thesis is to find poverty measurement possibilities and to describe consequently the differences in results related to the selected indicators. Income inequality index is presented as part of the thesis and also GDP values are emphasized. The thesis also covers practical calculation of Human Development Index (HDI) and Human Poverty Index (HPI). On the basis of empiric values concerning HDI and HPI published in UNDP materials, three EU member states were chosen on which calculation of mentioned indices is demonstrated and compared with situation in the Czech Republic in consequence. Further, differentiation results between HDP and HDI are presented. They point out to the rate at which the economic growth is efficiently used in favour of society that occupies an important position in the process of economic development.
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Comparison of income redistribution through state social support benefits in the Czech Republic and Great Britain
Trávníčková, Jana ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Bauernöplová, Veronika (referee)
The thesis is focused on the exploration of income inequality among citizens of the Czech Republic and Great Britain. It is a comparison that evaluates the state income redistribution through state social support benefits. It provides information, in which country exists greater income inequality in income distribution among households and whether the income inequality among the citizens decreased due to the payment of these benefits or not. The theoretical parts of the work are devoted to explanation of basic terms (such as income redistribution, instruments of redistribution, relationship between social policy and redistribution) and tools for measuring income inequality (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Robin Hood index, Interquintile share ratio S80/S20). The text also describes the various state social support benefits of both countries. The main research section contains calculations and graphical representations of all the above mentioned indicators. The final values are compared and the results are summarized.
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