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Marketing importance of body image
Hejtmánek, David ; Koudelka, Jan (advisor) ; Pešek, Ondřej (referee)
Body image is undoubtedly important in everyone's life. The main objective of this thesis is to find its importance for marketing. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to find out the society's opinions on the issue of beauty and body image, how do media picture human body and if there exists a difference between these two things. The first part of this theses consists of the historical development of the beauty ideal. It is followed by segmentation of Czech population, based on the data from the project MML-TGI, survey focused on beauty preferences and content analysis of lifestyle magazines. The findings support among other things the importance of beauty to most people, media's focus on extreme thinness for females and disparity between the presented ideal and people's preferences. The results lead to one conclusion: the importance of body image for marketing exists and is significant.
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Access to an independent and impartial court as a fair trial guarantee under the European Convention on Human Rights
Tymofeyeva, Alla ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (referee) ; Jeřábková, Věra (referee)
Dissertation Abstract TYMOFEYEVA, A. Access to an independent and impartial court as a fair trial guarantee under the European Convention on Human Rights. Prague 2010. Dissertation thesis. Charles University in Prague. Law Faculty. International Law Department. Supervisor Doc. PhDr. Stanislava Hýbnerová, CSc. The paper discusses the right of access to an independent and impartial tribunal under the European Convention on Human Rights with a focus on compliance of legislation and judicial practice in Ukraine with the standards developed by the European Court of Human Rights in its case-law. In order to address this issue the first part contains an analysis of the term "right of access to a court" and its components. An analysis of the term "right of access to a court" in a sense of the European Convention shows, that it includes the following elements: 1) the right to institute the legal proceedings and, in certain cases, the right to appeal against a decision of an administrative body or a court; 2) the right to legal aid, including free legal assistance and exemption from the court's costs; 3) the right to hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal with full jurisdiction established by law; 4) the right to hearing and delivery of the court's decision within a reasonable time and 5) the right to...
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The principle of fair criminal trial in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights
Zelinka, Jan ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
One of the purposes of my thesis is to analyse a case-law of European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (Court). Another purpose of that is to describe an attitude of Court as to the interpretation of Article 6 of European Convention of Human Rights (Convention). Previously mentioned purposes lead to find the meanings of abstract term "Right to fair trial" or "Right to fair proceedings", that is widely applicable to all phases of criminal proceeding. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the right to fair trial in the meaning of Convention. Chapter One describes a state of Convention in the Czech Legal System. Chapter Two enlarges legal effects of Court 's judgements, that are binging on beneficiaries of Convention. Chapter Three is the principal part. That is subdivided into the rights guaranteed to ones under Articles of Convention and into such kind of rights that are implicitly found by Court in his case-law. There is also one chapter that is outstanding among these expressive and implicite rights. This chapter concerned with a conception of the fair proceedings as whole. Czech Legal System do not embody its meaning in any abstract act of state, so that it remains to tako place in case-law of Court. Conclusions contains abstract knowleges...
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds reinforced with diamond and ceramic nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering
Bačáková, Lucie ; Pařízek, Martin ; Staňková, Ľubica ; Novotná, Katarína ; Douglas, T.E.L. ; Brady, M. A. ; Kromka, Alexander ; Potocký, Štěpán ; Stránská, D.
Three types of nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared by electrospining: (1) poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) scaffolds reinforced with 23 wt.% of diamond nanoparticles (DNPs), (2) poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with DNPs in concentration ranging from from 0.4 wt.% to 12.3 wt.%, and (3) PLLA scaffolds with 5 wt.% or 15 wt.% of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. The diameter of the nanofibers ranged between 160 and 729 nm. The nanofibers with nanoparticles were thicker and the void spaces among them were smaller. Mechanical properties of the nanoparticle-loaded scaffolds were better, as demonstrated by a rupture test in scaffolds with DNPs and by a creep behavior test in scaffolds with HAp. On PLGA scaffolds with DNPs, the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells adhered in similar numbers and grew with similar kinetics as on pure PLGA scaffolds. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew faster and reached higher population densities on PLGA-DNP scaffolds. However, on PLLA-based scaffolds, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and concentration of osteocalcin in MG-63 cells decreased with increasing DNP concentration. On the other hand, the metabolic activity of MG-63 cells and content of osteocalcin in these cells were positively correlated with the HAp concentration in PLLA scaffolds. Thus, PLGA nanofibers with 23 wt% of DNPs and PLLA nanofibers with 5 and particularly 15 wt.% of HAp seem to be promising for bone tissue engineering.
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Study of expression and maturation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system during mammal's prenatal period
Mrhálková, Andrea ; Hůlková, Martina (advisor) ; Ješina, Pavel (referee)
Postnatal adaptation of neonate to extrauterine life is among others dependent on maturation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). It depends on effective mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal developement. The inadequate capacity of mitochondrial OXPHOS system plays an important role in the neonatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore the study of mitochondrial biogenesis on molecular and biochemical level is important to improve the care of very premature neonates, especially critically ill premature neonates. This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague). The thesis is based on molecular genetic analyses, which are focused on characterisation of ATP synthase gene expression and on changes in mitochondrial DNA content during human and rat fetal development. The results provide the better insight into mitochondrial respectively ATP synthase biogenesis during human and rat fetal development.
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Determining the expression of iron transport and metabolism molecules in chosen chronic diseases.
Chmelíková, Jitka ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Truksa, Jaroslav (referee)
Iron is an essential element for human organism, because it cooperates as a cofactor of enzymes in many metabolic pathways. Iron is a component of hemoglobin, and thus it is indispensable for the oxygen transport to tissues. It can exist as a ferrous or ferric form. However, ferrous iron paticipates in reactions in which highly reactive hydroxyl group can be formed. This product is harmful for the organism. Non-heme iron is taken up to the circulation through duodenal enterocyte. Iron excretion is carried out only by desquamation of the enterocytes or by bleeding. Therefore, iron intake must be strictly regulated. Iron overloading is observed in some chronic diseases (hereditary hemochromatosis, alcohol liver disease). In contrary, iron depletion can be a case of iron deficiency anemia. The aim of this master thesis is to determine the expression of iron transport molecules in duodenum in chronic diseases which originate due to disturbances of iron intake regulation. We determine the expression of molecules of iron transport (DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, hephaestin) on mRNA level by qPCR and on protein level by western blot. The level of serum hepcidin was determined by ELISA. Our results show an increased expression of mRNA of transporters DMT1 and ferroportin as well as ferrireductase Dcytb and ferroxidase...
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Human F1Fo-ATPsynthase deficiency
Suldovská, Sabina ; Tesařová, Markéta (advisor) ; Černá, Leona (referee)
F1FO-ATPsynthase is a key enzyme in energy metabolism of the cell. Its deficit is caused usually by mutations in two structural genes MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 encoded by the mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes ATPAF2 and TMEM70 encoding the biogenesis factors and structural gene ATP5E. Deficiency of the F1FO-ATPsynthase leads to progressive and serious phenotype affecting organs with high energy demands. The first symptoms usually occurs in neonatal age and prognosis of the disease is fatal. Mutations in these genes result in both qualitative and quantitative defects of the F1FO-ATPsynthase. The study of molecular bases of mitochondrial disorders including F1FO-ATPsynthase deficiency uses large number of biochemical and molecular-genetic methods to determine a proper diagnosis which is essential for the symptomatic therapy and genetic counselling in affected families. The aim of the diploma thesis was to characterise the F1FO-ATPsynthase deficiency in isolated mitochondria from the lines of cultured cells by the determination oligomycin- sensitive ATP-hydrolytic activity of the F1FO-ATPsynthase, enzymatic activities of the respiratory chain complexes and to analyse changes in the steady-state levels of the representative subunits and whole complex of the F1FO-ATPsynthase in comparison with controls. 3...
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Preparation of recombinant human cytochrome b5
Hálková, Tereza ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
Cytochrome b5 is a small heme protein. There are three isoforms present in human organism, one is located in the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (microsomal cyt b5), second in the outer mitochondrial membrane and the third (soluble form) was found in cytoplasm of matured erythrocytes. The main role of cytochrome b5 is to transport single electron in various reactions including cytochrome P450-dependent reactions. First aim of the thesis was to prepare and to isolate the soluble form of rabbit microsomal cytochrome b5, using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli strain BL-21 Gold. The plasmid pET22b containing synthetic gene for rabbit microsomal cytochrome b5, lacking the sequence encoding the membrane associated C-terminal domain, was used as an expression vector. The second aim was to synthesize the expression vectors carrying genes for human microsomal and erythrocytic cytochromes b5. These genes were prepared by gene synthesis, ligated to cloning vector pUC19, amplified in E. coli DH5α competent cells and their sequences were verified by DNA sequencing. Consequently the pET22b expression vectors containing genes for human microsomal and erythrocytic cytochrome b5 were constructed and finally their suitability for heterologous expression was evaluated. Keywords: Heterologous expression,...
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System of employee appraisal in selected company
Pištělák, Marek ; Fejfarová, Martina (advisor) ; Sylvie, Sylvie (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to look at the issues of employee appraisal, which is belonged to the subject of human resources management. The main objective is based on an analysis to evaluate employee appraisal system in terms of company XY and in the deficiencies found propose appropriate measures, which would be beneficial for the company in terms of increased work efficiency and staff and management satisfaction. The thesis consists of two parts, which are called the theoretical background and their own work. Theoretical solutions are prepared for the basis of these secondary sources. The purpose of the evaluation was the practice through surveys, carried out a survey on the subject of evaluation system for workers in that undertaking. The main data collection techniques of practical part was questionnaires and interviews. In conclusion stated evaluation and recommended solutions to improve the current rating level.
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