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Removal of selected metals from the water
Pěkný, Mojmír ; Vybíralová, Pavla (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
In my thesis I focused on the problem of removal of some heavy metals from water. Heavy metals cause deterioration of quality of water sources and bring about a need of complicated water treatment technologies. In particular it is the case of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel. This diploma thesis focuses on the utilization of adsorption using suitable adsorption materials to reduce concentrations of nickel in drinking water. At the same time it investigates the effectiveness of these materials in the process of removing iron and manganese from water. The first part of my thesis presents an overview of these metals. I write about their occurrence, its forms, properties and significance. The second part of the work focuses on the laboratory observations of the effectiveness in removing iron, manganese and nickel from water. The description of the used sorptive materials is also included.
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Plastics and microplastics in water
Halašta, Tomáš ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence of plastics and microplastics in water and also is mainly devoted to microplastic in water treatment plants. The beginning of the work is devoted to plastics, their history, description of properties and what are the most commonly used plastics, which can be found in the form of microplastics. Next topic is devoted to the occurrence of plastics in waters, mainly seas and oceans, and especially in freshwater systems. Then the definition of microplastics and their sources and occurrence is given in the work. Furthermore, the work deals with studies on the occurrence of microplastics in drinking water and their removal at water treatment plants and the analysis of plastics microparticles. The conclusion is a summary of all available studies on microplastics in drinking water and water treatment plants.
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Using flotation in water treatment plants
Litschmann, Patrik ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The bachelor thesis processes the principle of dissolved air flotation (DAF), its history, modifications and parameters. It also describes efficiency in removing cyanobacteria, algae and turbidity on surface sources. Additionally, the experience with flotation is described at the first separation stage in the Czech Republic and abroad. It has turned out that pre-project preparation, model tests and pilot tests are absolutely crucial for dissolved air flotation. Finally, flotation with sedimentation is compared in terms of flocculation, coagulation, sludge and their economic impacts.
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Specific substances in drinking water sources
Konečný, Jiří ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis I dealt with specific substances which occures in sources of drinking water and pollutes quality of water. Especially its heavy metal, sulfur compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus and other. In this thesis I deal with possibilities about remove of these substances by using various methods, especially absorption on filter materials. These thesis is focused on using absorption on suitable materials for reduction of concentration arsenic and cadmium in drinking water. In first part I‘ve characterized subtances which occures in the water and outlined a way to remove them. Second part is focused on laboratory observation to efficiency of removing arsenic and cadmium on sorption materials.
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Evaluation of the Technical State of Water Treatment Plants
Přecechtěl, Karel ; Slavíčková,, Kateřina (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The subject of this thesis is to create evaluation criteria of technical condition of water treatment plants. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part of this thesis are presented evaluation systems by performance indicators drinking water treatment plants, which are then applied in real time. There are detailed descriptions of individual performance indicators. Each evaluation conducted certain period of time. After the expiry of the period under review was to evaluate and create charts to display results. In the next chapter the thesis focuses on the identification data. First, it was necessary to find out all necessary information about the water treatment plant. Necessary information means information relating to building construction, human resources, mechanical parts, technological equipment and other entities with links to the operation of the water treatment plant. All these data were sorted for better overview and facilitate setting evaluation indicators. The third part of this thesis is focused on the development of indicators that are used to determine the current status of the water treatment plant. As a first step was established 19 indicators used to evaluate the condition of the entire water treatment plant. Followed by a description of the individual indicators and then determine the individual evaluation criteria. In the last part of this thesis was carried out by the proposed criteria on selected water treatment plants. They were selected three water treatment plants located in the Czech Republic, which held a personal tour of each water treatment plant. This was followed by an overall assessment of the technical condition of water treatment plants.
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Aggregation reactions of chitosan in drinking water treatment
Leskovjanová, Jana ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
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Water Treatment Plants Innovation Opportunities
Zelený, Zdeněk ; Biela, Renata (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with the possibilities of innovation process water treatment. Specifically, to explore the use of sodium water glass and nanoiron in removing heavy metals from raw water at the drinking water treatment. For the comparison was used traditionally used coagulant, particularly liquid aluminum sulfate. The introductory part deals with the possibility of modifying the surface water during the treatment process such water into potable water. This chapter is a description of the quality of raw water used, then the description of currently used separation processes. Furthermore, they are described and commonly used types of treatment plants. Conclusion The introductory section deals with traditional coagulants and form a suspension. Another part of this master´s thesis has been devoted to the possibilities of innovation in the treatment of raw waters as drinking water, describes the options and features of the use of water glass and nanoiron. The following section describes the experimental part of this thesis. It is followed by the experimental results. The last chapter summarizes the acquired knowledge and commented on the measured values of the experimental part. This work also shows several specific projects using innovative technologies presented.
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Impact of drought on drinking water supply
Bergerová, Marie ; Sucháček, Tomáš (referee) ; Ručka, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of water age in the distribution system of drinking water supply. Various scenarios were simulated, which represented a reduction in water consumption due to the replacement of part of drinking water with rainwater. In first part, various definitions of drought and possible effects of drought are presented. The second part is focused on the consumption of water from the water supply network. The uses of drinking water in the household are defined here, but also an indication is included which household activities do not need to use drinking water, which can be replaced with rainwater. The practical part describes an analysis of water age. Not only was the analysis processed for different scenarios, these scenarios were also compared for different times of the year, including the annual average, the summer period (July, August) and the winter period (January, February). The analysis was performed using the Epanet 2.0 software program. In processing the results of the water age analysis, the relationship between water age, velocity, flow rate and pressure ratios were evaluted.
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Water Resources and their Technical Construction
Machač, Tomáš ; Hlaváč,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
Nowdays, the renewal of water supply infrastructure is becoming increasingly hot topic. Gradual renewal is one of the key points for long-term maintenance of quality and trouble-free operation. The most basic element of the entire water supply system are water resources, which shouldn't be neglected during the planning of a renewal. This thesis deals with technical construction of drinking water resources and it is mainly focused on ground-water resources. The main part of the thesis is the design of a technical assessment system for underground drinking water resources for public water supply. The purpose of such system is to create a tool for technical assessment that will identify current technical status of multiple water resources and will compare them. This comparison enables to create more effective renewal plan in future.
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