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Reductive Evolution of Mitochondria - Related Organelles in Anaerobic Protist
Rada, Petr
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Department of Parasitology Ph.D. study program: Parasitology Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis Reductive Evolution of Mitochondria - Related Organelles in Anaerobic Protist Petr Rada Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jan Tachezy,Ph.D. Advisor: Doc. RNDr. Ivan Hrdý, Ph.D. Prague, 2011 ABSTRACT Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis are parasitic protists of the Excavata group. Both contain anaerobic forms of mitochondria called hydrogenosomes (Trichomonas) and mitosomes (Giardia). Hydrogenosomes produce hydrogen and ATP by substarte level phosphorylation and mitosomes represent the highly-reduced form of mitochondria that do not participate in cellular energy metabolism and ATP generation. Both types of organelles lost the majority of mitochondrial pathways and their genomes during the mitochondrion to hydrogenosome transition. Consequently, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes facilitate translocation of nuclearly encoded proteins into the matrix of the organelle as well as exchange of metabolites and ions across their membranes. Little is known about the membrane machineries required for the biogenesis of the organelle and metabolite exchange and the limited knowledge of mitosomal proteomes has been mostly gained from genomic analysis and localization studies of a few...
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Role of Intimacy and Love in Sect and in Minor Churches
Neubauerová, Eva ; Kotík, Michal (advisor) ; Martinová, Marta (referee)
This thesis is an attempt to extend the sociological discussion of a new perspective on the study of sects and minority churches. Within the theoretical background of the work a basic emphasis is given to defining the problem of sect, minority churches, ritual, intimacy and love in their conceptual and classificatory framework without subjective interpretation of the author. This thesis goes out from basic sociological concepts of each term. The main assumption of the thesis is the hypothesis that sects and minority churches can been somehow classified and typologized according to the ways how do they cooperate with intimacy and love in their rituals. The aim of this final thesis is to create this typology based for one thing on comparison of family life from major society with family life from examined groups and for other thing based on analysis of their rituals. The thesis is oriented only on groups derived from Christianity. The conclusion summarizes not only the results of the comparison and analysis of rituals, but also its limits.
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Teoretické studium fotosystemu II, chlorozomů a flavoproteinu WrbA
PALENČÁR, Peter
The power of the current computer clusters allows us to study relatively large biomolecular systems by theoretical computational methods, such as widely used classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, at atomic level on the time scale of tens of nanoseconds. The limiting factor for classical MD simulations on most of the physiologically relevant systems is the lack of available force field (FF) parameters. Three biomolecular systems were studied in this thesis, namely membrane protein photosystem II (PSII), green bacteria antennas called chlorosomes and flavoprotein WrbA from E. coli, and all of them contain molecules or molecular fragments for which no FF parameters are available. Therefore, development of new FF parameters for all non-protein molecules was performed by applying quantum-mechanics (QM) methods. Once all FF parameters were available, MD simulations were applied. The computational studies were based on the conditions from wet experiments performed earlier by our research group. For the first time, proposed light-induced conformational changes of the reaction center (RC) of PSII and subsequent changes in arrangement of PSII RC pigments, were confirmed and described at atomic level by series of MD simulations over 20 ns. Optical spectra calculated on equilibrated MD model of PSII RC were in better agreement with experimental analogues when compared with earlier calculations on static model of PSII RC taken from crystal structure. Successful application of classical mechanics, QM and advanced optical spectra calculations on PSII represents one of a few existing computational studies on similar membrane pigment-protein systems. In the case of chlorosomes, equilibrated molecular lamellar models were constructed and critical structural parameters were elucidated by series of MD simulations over 30 ns. The presented models are the first lamellar models of chlorosomes at such scale so far. The equilibrated MD models of flavoprotein WrbA based on recent crystal structure provides starting point for further theoretical studies aimed to elucidate structural details of proposed ping-pong mechanism.
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Reductive Evolution of Mitochondria - Related Organelles in Anaerobic Protist
Rada, Petr ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Embley, Martin (referee) ; Eliáš, Marek (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Department of Parasitology Ph.D. study program: Parasitology Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis Reductive Evolution of Mitochondria - Related Organelles in Anaerobic Protist Petr Rada Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jan Tachezy,Ph.D. Advisor: Doc. RNDr. Ivan Hrdý, Ph.D. Praha, 2011 1 ABSTRACT Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis are parasitic protists of the Excavata group. Both contain anaerobic forms of mitochondria called hydrogenosomes (Trichomonas) and mitosomes (Giardia). Hydrogenosomes produce hydrogen and ATP by substarte level phosphorylation and mitosomes represent the highly-reduced form of mitochondria that do not participate in cellular energy metabolism and ATP generation. Both types of organelles lost the majority of mitochondrial pathways and their genomes during the mitochondrion to hydrogenosome transition. Consequently, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes facilitate translocation of nuclearly encoded proteins into the matrix of the organelle as well as exchange of metabolites and ions across their membranes. Little is known about the membrane machineries required for the biogenesis of the organelle and metabolite exchange and the limited knowledge of mitosomal proteomes has been mostly gained from genomic analysis and localization studies of a few...
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Study on renal transport of radiopharmaceuticals
Kaňoková, Jana ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jana Kaňoková Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. František Trejtnar, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Study on renal transport of radiopharmaceuticals Radiolabelled receptor-specific peptides from the group of gastrin and bombesin derivatives are currently intensively researched substances in terms of targeting certain tumors. The main limit in their application is the intense renal accumulation and subsequent radiotoxicity. The aim of this experimental study was to determine and then compare the renal uptake of DOTA-bombesin and one of the gastrin derivatives - DOTA-sargastrin labeled with indium-111 and lutetium-177. Moreover, the other goal of this study was to assess the potential role of megalin system in the active endocytosis in the renal accumulation of these substances. Isolated rat kidney cells obtained by the collagenase perfusion method were used as an experimental model. The uptake of studied radiopeptides was further compared with the degree of accumulation of selected comparators with different renal accumulation (99m Tc- DTPA, 99m Tc-MAG3). The results of accumulation studies showed that the accumulation of the labeled derivatives of DOTA-sargastrin in rat kidney cells was...
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Platinum cytostatics in the pharmacotherapy of cancer
Kritman, Gleb ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Gleb Kritman Supervisor: PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Platinum cytostatics in the pharmacotherapy of cancer Platinum cytostatics belong currently to the most widely used anticancer drugs. They are involved as a part of chemotherapy regiments in many indications. Cisplatin, as a first substance discovered in this group of cytostatics, was originally registered for the treatment of testicular cancer and ovarian cancer, but it is currently used in many other indications. The limiting factor associated with the administration of cisplatin is represented by adverse effects and the development of resistance in previously sensitive tumor cells. These factors stimulated further research in the field of platinum compounds in order to create a substance with similar mechanism of action, but better properties. To date, more than thirty agents entered clinical trials, but only two of them are used worldwide - carboplatin and oxaliplatin. The aim of this thesis is to create a publication that summarizes current knowledge on platinum cytostatics, which are used in the pharmacotherapy of cancer. This work focuses especially on the comparison between the various representatives...
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Influence upon Mobility in Relation to Spatial Orientation of Pupils in Primary and Upper Primary Schools for the Visually Impaired
Koubová, Lenka ; Šumníková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Květoňová, Lea (referee)
The thesis is focused on spatial orientation and independent movement of visually impaired people. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the extent of straight direction deviations concerning visually impaired pupils of primary and lower secondary schools. After analysis of specialized literature a description of current educational system for visually impaired pupils in the Czech Republic follows in the theoretical part. Specific needs related to the field of education of this target group are mentioned. Functional limitation of the visual analyzer influences spatial orientation and independent movement of the visually impaired individual. Therefore the thesis deals with the above mentioned topic and characterises education of the subject called spatial orientation and independent movement. Troubles in the field of motoric movement occur in the group of visually impaired people. This is apparent especially in incorrect walking technique and in deviation from the required straight direction. The research part of the thesis analyses deviations from the straight direction of the visually impaired and intact pupils.
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Conceptualisation of Ethnicity in the Context of the Sri Lankan Conflict Transformation
Dopita, Tomáš ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (advisor) ; Klimešová, Martina (referee)
Diploma thesis "Conceptualization of ethnicity in the context of transformation of Sri Lankan conflict" concerns the protracted social conflict in Sri Lanka in respect of relevant theories and possibilities for a peaceful transformation of the crisis. By means of content analysis I uncover the ontological and epistemological understanding of ethnicity within scholarly discussions of "ethnic conflict", selected discourses on multiculturalism and the politics of recognition, feminism and postcolonial studies. I attempt to relate and critically evaluate the conceptualizations of ethnicity contained within these discourses in respect of the Sri Lankan conflict and the challenges to its peaceful transformation. I argue that the understanding of ethnicity in the field of "ethnic conflict" studies, as presented within the limits of this thesis, is derived substantially from knowledge produced in the context of nation, nationalism and the modern nation state conceptual framework. The general theoretisation of ethnicity is therefore confined to the narrow view of a "Westphalian imagination". Ethnicity is thus passively accepted as a given quality of a de facto homogeneous group, operating within the circumscribed political society defined by the sovereignty of the modern state. However, as I argue, the explanatory...
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Civil Associations in Belarus (1994 - 2005). Use of Legislation to Limit Freedom of Association
Vojtíšková, Kristýna ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (advisor) ; Marian, Jan (referee)
Since the beginning of an authoritarian rule in half of the 1990s most news heard about Belarus have been linked to persistent effort of the ruling elite to silence voices of disagreement inside the Belarusian society. The purpose of this essay is to identify how this effort evinces in the non-government non-profit sphere, particularly in the legal documents dealing with civic associations and their use by the state bodies. I argue that not all civic organizations experience the same level of violation of their right to association and that certain means used to diminish the NGOs did not meet their goals and led to unpredicted and unwanted consequences.
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