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Antipredatory behaviour, sexual selection and reproductive success in domestic sparrow (Passer domesticus).
Klvaňová, Alena
of the thesis Individual components of parental care are disproportionally distributed among the parents in the House Sparrow. While the female broods the nestlings more often and feeds them more frequently, the male defends the nest more intensely. In an experimental study the parents did not adjust their nest defence intensity to behaviour of their partners, nor to brood parameters. Only males tended to defend the sooner broods more intensely, which is in concordance with the "brood value hypothesis". Male contribution to nestling feeding affected their body mass. Male nest defence intensity increased with the size of their melanin ornament. Thus, we assume that the ornament could signal male investment in this component of parental care, while it does not correlate with feeding frequency and time spent by incubation. This output is probably caused by pleiotropic effect of genes regulating melanogenesis, affecting e. g. testosterone plasma level, which is associated with increased agression and lower intensity of other components of parental care as nestling provisioning or incubation. We have also aked the question whether the anti-predator strategy in House Sparrow is stable or depends on the type of the predator. In experiments with three different predator species we showed, that sparrows...
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Dynamic warm-up race for tennis players
Koskuba, Jakub ; Kočíb, Tomáš (advisor) ; Carboch, Jan (referee)
Title: Dynamic warm-up race for tennis players Subject: Male and female tennis players from tennis club Tj Lokomotiva Plzen Objective: Compare immediate influence of static and dynamic stretching on performance level during particular movement tests using device Myotest PRO Methods: To meet the objective quantitative comparison was used by performance parameters using load accelerometer. Quantitative stress parameters were evaluated for individual tests as the mean value from a large amount of repetition in individually evaluation. Results: Tests proved it is not possible to confirm acute positive influence of dynamic stretching on all assesed parameters in different tests. In terms of average values of different tests a noticeable lower limbs improvement has been emerged at two out of three tests. Keywords: dynamic stretching, warm up, sport, injuries, regeneration, tennis
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Analysis of the practical training in the context of structuring of teacher education programs
Wernerová, Jana
Analysis of the practical training in the context of structuring of teacher education programs Abstract The dissertation focuses on the issue of preparatory education of the teachers with emphasis on the structuring effects of teacher education programs and practical training. Its aim is to analyse and compare the concepts, parameters, processes and effects of teaching practise models that result from unstructured and structured learning program of the teacher training for lower secondary schools, in the context of the vocational development of the students of teaching. By means of the analysis of the current state of the practical preparations was to contribute to the discussion of issues concerning preparatory teacher training. It offers starting points of the current teacher education, characterizes parallel and subsequent models of the teacher preparation and the resulting implications for teaching practice. Furthermore, initial teacher education in the context of the countries of the European and its trends, historical insight into the teacher training in the Czech Republic. The main experimental methods were comparative content analysis of curricula, questionnaire surveys and vigorous discussions. The thesis compares the selected components of structured teacher education programs for lower secondary...
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Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing: Comparison of Developed and Developing Countries
Halamka, Radek ; Bajgar, Matej (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
Recent studies concerning subjective wellbeing have not taken different conditions in developed and developing countries into consideration. Also, different types of factors affecting subjective wellbeing have rarely been researched together. This bachelor thesis seeks to fill the gap. Its main aim is to compare individual, economic, political and institutional determinants of life satisfaction within groups of states divided according to their level of economic development. Data from last three waves of World Values Survey are used here. I analyse dependence of life satisfaction on various determinants by ordered probit model. Results show substantial differences between the groups of states. Main results of the thesis show diminishing effect of both national and individual income with rising national income; a large difference between high and low income countries in perception of quality of government and of a concept of personal unemployment; highly appreciated democracy among high income countries; insignificance of attained education in the lower income groups; a positive effect of quality of education and health care among countries with lower national income; and a high effect of freedom of choice across all groups. The thesis points out high importance of taking levels of development into...
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The possibilities of unilateral cross-effect by unilateral shank amputation
Vysoký, Hynek ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Segeťová, Jarmila (referee)
V ANGLIČTINĚ Author's first name and surname: Hynek Vysoký Title of the master thesis: The possibilities of unilateral cross-effect by unilateral shank amputation. Department: Department Track and field. Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Goals: an experimental demonstration of the contributions from the lower limb muscle function with unilateral amputation of the shank by means of unilateral cross-effect and compared to individuals with complete lower limb. Method: The method of repeated application for the development of sub maximal efforts, that was selected, was taken from the heavy athletics. The method, which formed the basis of this experimental training program, was composed of four basic isolated exercises for lower limb, which consisted flexion on the leg curl machine, the extension on the leg curl machine, leg press 45 ř, seated calf machine, with an emphasis on the physical possibilities of subject with unilateral amputation. Expected changes were measured using dynamometric and anthropometric measurements of both limbs. Results: The results proved the main prerequisite the lateral load of one (lower) limb - by using the training method of repeated efforts caused spontaneous influence of the function of the other (passive) lower limb with single-sided shin amputation thanks to...
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Graph theory and its use in school mathematics
Glasová, Ester ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
Graph theory and its use in school mathematics This thesis deals with the inclusion of some problems of graph theory in education at secondary school. It contains the necessary theory for teachers as well as several examples of graph theory in school mathematics in elementary school; moreover it describes several well-known problems, which can be solved using graph theory. The work also includes preparation of two lessons. The theme of the first one is drawing in one stroke and an Eulerian cycle in general. Second topic is dedicated to mazes and labyrinths, their transformation to graph and few algorithms for passing through the maze. In the experimental part, the author examines whether the students are able to understand the selected parts of graph theory, and whether they find this topic more interesting than the usual mathematics they are used to at school. The results of this experiment are then compared for children from two types of lower secondary schools.
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Analysis of the practical training in the context of structuring of teacher education programs
Wernerová, Jana ; Urbánek, Petr (advisor) ; Vašutová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Píšová, Michaela (referee)
Analysis of the practical training in the context of structuring of teacher education programs Abstract The dissertation focuses on the issue of preparatory education of the teachers with emphasis on the structuring effects of teacher education programs and practical training. Its aim is to analyse and compare the concepts, parameters, processes and effects of teaching practise models that result from unstructured and structured learning program of the teacher training for lower secondary schools, in the context of the vocational development of the students of teaching. By means of the analysis of the current state of the practical preparations was to contribute to the discussion of issues concerning preparatory teacher training. It offers starting points of the current teacher education, characterizes parallel and subsequent models of the teacher preparation and the resulting implications for teaching practice. Furthermore, initial teacher education in the context of the countries of the European and its trends, historical insight into the teacher training in the Czech Republic. The main experimental methods were comparative content analysis of curricula, questionnaire surveys and vigorous discussions. The thesis compares the selected components of structured teacher education programs for lower secondary...
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Evaluation of pulmonary and postural functions in patients with chest wall deformity (Pectus carinatum)
Zbuzek, Daniel ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Objective: The paper deals with the evaluation of the status of pulmonary and postural functions of the patients with pectus carinatum. Further, it deals with the development of pulmonary and postural functions after Welch surgery. Methods: Between the years 2010 and 2011 20 patients (19 men, 1 woman) went through Welch surgery at the Pediatric Clinic of the Faculty Hospital, Prague Motol. The average age of the group was 16,2 ± 1,2 years. Before surgery, pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength and posturography were evaluated. The received values were compared with the predicted, i.e. the controlled group, and in order to find mutual dependencies, also among themselves. 7 patients were repeatedly checked for pulmonary functions and posturography in the interval of 8,1 ± 3,0 months after their surgery. Pre and post - surgery values were compared. Results: Dynamic and static hyperinflation and also an increased patency of periphery respiratory tracts was found in 20 pre-surgery patients with PC. Testing of respiratory muscle strength showed significantly lower values than the predicted. Checking for posturography revealed the differences in postural system resulting, especially with complicated postural demands, in medio-lateral instability of the body. Worsening of the balance functions...
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Applications of real-time PCR for characterization particles suitable for DNA isolation
Ondrejková, Martina ; Šálek, Petr (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis was focused on core-shell type magnetic carriers, used mainly in medical, molecular-biological and biochemical applications. Encapsulation of the core is essential for these applications due to the decrease od non-specific protein adsorbtion, increase of biocompatibility and the possible functionalization of magnetic carriers. In the experimental part, the DNA (E. coli) was amplified by real-time PCR in the presence of poly(hydroxymethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate) (P(HEMA-co-GMA)) magnetic carriers with/without carboxyl groups. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of magnetic carriers in the PCR mixture was evaluated from the calibration curve parameter values obtained by regression analysis. The presence of a specific PCR product was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Most of magnetic carriers without carboxyl groups extinguished the fluorescence in the concentration range of 2,0 – 4,0 g.l-1 in the PCR mixture, without inhibition of DNA amplification - the carriers were biocompatible. Magnetic carriers with carboxyl groups extinguished the fluorescence in the lower concentration range (0,4 – 4,0 g.l-1 in the PCR mixture). Their inhibition of amplification was in the concentration range of 2,0 – 4,0 g.l-1 in the PCR mixture, from the concentration 0,8 g.l-1 in the PCR mixture, the inhibition did not occur and the carriers were biocompatible. The results do not depend on the characteristic properties of the magnetic carriers but on the presence of the carboxyl groups on the surface of the carrier and the degree of coverage of the magnetic core by the polymer. Real-time PCR has become an effective tool for studying magnetic core encapsulation and the influence of functional groups on the surface of the polymeric layer.
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Studying the behavior of high strength concrete at high temperatures
Sovová, Kateřina ; Kirnbauer, tech Johannes (referee) ; Bodnárová, Lenka (advisor)
This master’s thesis is divided into two parts; practical and theoretical. The theoretical part of this study describes the influence of high temperature on concrete structure and chemical, mechanical and physical changes, which take place during the exposure to high temperatures. The thesis also evaluates spalling of concrete and the methods to prevent it, as well as the function of polypropylene and cellulose fibers in the concrete. The practical part deals with design, production and testing of the cement-based concrete with the use of different fibers (polypropylene fibers and cellulose fibers). The properties and the means of applications in high temperatures are also included. The practical part also assesses the influence of high temperature on strength, porosity, visual changes of specimens, changes of surface and degradation of testing specimens due to heat loads according to normative heat curve (ISO 834) and also according to hydrocarbon curve. For clearer arrangement, the experimental tests are divided into two parts and the measured values are evaluated at the end of each part. The conclusion resumes all data obtained by testing and evaluates what is the most suitable formulation. The approach for further research is also discussed.
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