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Relatioship of somatic and motor variables to the postural stability in children
Černá, Lenka ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Havel, Zdeněk (referee) ; Suchomel, Aleš (referee)
Subject In professional literature progressive development of postural stability related to the age during the childhood is documented which is characterized by decline of amplitude and speed deviations. The postural stability becomes similar to adults by primary school children, specifically in the age of 7 to 10 (Shumway-Cook, Woollacott, 2001) and children switch to more accurate strategy of postural control. The period of primary school is described as positive for motor development. Performance in this period is most considerably influenced by biogenetic factors which include growth factors as for instance body height, weight and body composition. An appropriate movement routine with an adequate amount and quality of movement activity is important for development of children's organism by primary school children. Objective The aim of this work is to describe the changes of chosen parameters of postural stability which are related to the age and gender of primary school children and to submit to analysis the changes in chosen parameters of postural stability in connection with somatic characteristics, movement abilities and movement activity. Methods The summarizing statistical research took place at a primary school where 154 children (85 boys, 69 girls) in the age of 7 to 11 were tested....
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Childhood overweight and obesity at primary school age
Houserová, Johana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
Childhood overweight and obesity is a present issue not only in the Czech Republic, but worldwide. The main objective of this thesis was to assess overweight and obesity
in children of primary school age in towns and in villages in the Central Bohemian Region and to focus on their alimentation habits and physical activity.
The thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part describes the characteristics of primary school age, introduction to the topic, epidemiology, causes of the origin, types
of obesity, diagnostics, problems of obese children, nutrition of children and adolescents and their alimentation habits, prevention, medical treatment, specific programs for the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity and an overview of the myths about childhood obesity. The second practical part of the thesis includes questionnaire study implemented within the 4th grade of chosen urban and non-urban schools in the Central Bohemian Region and semi-structured interview with mother of a child suffering from overweight since early age.
The survey included 155 pupils of the 4th grade from two urban and five non-urban schools of the Central Bohemian Region. The results of the questionnaire study proved that 23 % of urban and 20 % of non-urban pupils suffer from overweight and obesity.
An important factor is their different lifestyle. Non-urban children spend their leisure time
in a passive way, they prefer playing PC games to physical activities, attend less extra sport classes and consume more sweets than urban children. More urban pupils consume three
to four meals on a daily basis in contrast with non-urban pupils who tend to consume five to six portions. Most prefer healthy food to unhealthy food and tend to eat mainly czech dishes at home. 90% of the questioned children expressed positive attitude to sport. More than half of the children suffering from overweight and obesity do not practice any sport or physical activities sufficiently. Due to the importance of regular alimentation and consumption of breakfast and snacks, it is a positive finding that three quarters of the children have breakfast regularly and bring home-made snacks to school. The semi-structured interview with mother of an overweight child proved that overweight is not caused by overeating and by a passive lifestyle but also by genetic predisposition.
In the conclusion, the author presents the outcome of the work and a general primary prevention at family level, school level and community level.
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Drinking regime of the primary school children in the South of Bohemia
SOBÍŠKOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to a drinking regime of children in primary school age. The theoretical part deals with the function and composion of the water as the most important aspect of human life and nutrition. This part of also contains a recommended daily fluid intake in children. Attention is also paid to dehydration. The practical part is based on analysis of the defined assumptions that are proved by questionnaire survey. The main objective of the practical part is to discover the drinking habits in children, if children prefer to sweet drinks to water and if they have an awareness of dehydration.
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Physiotherapeutic procedures affecting muscle imbalance of children of younger school age - attending classes for gifted children
MUSILOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor work is focused on muscle imbalance of gifted children of younger school age and possibility of its influence by using some physiotherapeutic approaches. Muscle imbalance is a condition where we can found imbalance between the muscles around a joint. Tonus of these muscles is not ideal, because some muscles (tonic muscles) are overloading and other (phasic muscles) are becoming weaker. Either setting of joint is not ideal in this condition because the joint is overloaded. If such a condition does not solve the pathology may get worse and other functional and structural changes can appear (Čermák, 2008; Kolář, 2009). The cause of muscle imbalance is inappropriate functional load such as excessive, inadequate or inappropriate qualitative claims applied on the muscle (Čermák, 2008). An example of such loading is carrying heavy backpacks, bad mattress, one-sided load, prolonged sitting in free time activities (TV, PC) or lifestyle (Petersen, 2013; Kolisko, Fojtíková, 2003). The theoretical part is gradually defined the term "gifted child", defined parts of the locomotor system, described motoric development of the child, explained issue of muscle imbalances. Furthermore selected researches works, outlined diagnostics of posture and last but not least mentioned some often used physiotherapeutic approaches to influence muscle imbalances and poor posture. The aim was to map the shortened and weakened muscle groups in chosen class for specially gifted. By using some physiotherapeutic approaches affect positively these imbalances and compare the results with children attending regular classes from researches which have been already carried out. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. The research sample included 14 children attending the 4th grade for specially gifted children between 9 and 10 years. Collection of data was conducted by taking direct medical history, examination of the input, output test and podoscop examination. Four children also agreed with photographs of whole body. All has been done with the informed consent of the parents. The work can be used as educational material for medical professionals, patients or their families.
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Prerequisites for quality of leisure time by children in younger school-age
STROPKOVÁ, Iveta
My thesis Prerequisites for quality of leisure time by children in younger school-age, deals with spare time and its criteria of quality spending of free time in various social and geographical environments. The contribution of this study is to see another subjective insight into this issue. The purpose of this thesis is to achieve general knowledge about the way the kids spend their free time nowadays and what are the possibilities and presumptions for better or quality spending of their free time.
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The Selected Somatic Characteristics and Nutrition in Young School-Age Children
SLAVATOVÁ, Dana
The thesis includes comparison of the selected somatic characteristics of current young school-age children, determination the incidence of obesity and overweight among children by calculating Body Mass Index, an overview of physical activity and nutrition habits in children with questionnaires, and design and test a unit focused on healthy nutrition. The research was carried out in randomly selected primary schools (Pacov, Mladá Vožice and Načeradec). The anthropometric data (body height, body weight, chest circumference and skinfold thickness - triceps and subscapular) were collected according to a standardized (Martin-Saller?s) method or its modification. Our data were compared (t-test, Z-score) with the results of the previous surveys of Czech children. Other characteristics of measured children and their parents were collected through questionnaires.
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Influence of broadcasting on Aggressive Behaviour of Younger School-Aged Children
RAJNOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis is aimed at influence of broadcasting on the level of aggressive behaviour of younger school-aged children. The basic concepts are explained in general terms; the basic way aggressive behaviour and mass media can be divided is given; psyche of a younger school-aged child is explained; television violence, its forms and both negative and positive effects and health consequences of excessive television-watching are described and prevention of adverse ffects of TV programmes on children is suggested in the theoretical part of thesis. Upon the theoretical knowledge gained, three research questions were stated in the thesis and in order to verify them a field research among younger school-aged children and their parents was carried out and, further, TV programmes most watched by children were analysed. The research results are presented in an appendix to the thesis.
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Nutrition of younger school children of age 7- 10 in district Třebíč - progress, trends, present situation
MARIÁNKOVÁ, Alena
In my bachelor thesis I deal with nutrition and eating habits. In the theoretical part I have tried to sum up by means of secondary literature the basic information on principles of healthy nutrition and principal nutrients necessary for healthy development of the organism. Meanwhile I focus on the researched group, that is school children in the age of 7-10. I further describe the historical development of nutrition from our ancestors to present day, I deal with actual trends in nutrition coming along our modern time and I describe pathophysiology of nutrition, especially obesity. The paper aimed at describing eating habits of school children in the district of Třebíč. The quantitative research method applying questionnaire survey was applied. The research was carried out among children at 6 primary schools, both in the town as well as in the villages. Besides researching the issue of eating habits of children and finding out information on their awareness and knowledge, the paper aimed at confirming or overcoming 4 set hypotheses. Based on the assessment of data two hypotheses have been confirmed and two overcome. The results of the research have shown that school children do not follow healthy nutrition principles. It has been further confirmed that children consume throughout the day empty calories that have no nutritional value. Unexpectedly the hypothesis was overcome which stated that along with the increase of inappropriate eating habits the BMI value is increasing. The hypothesis that eating habits differ in town and village was also overcome. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information on healthy nutrition and the right eating habits of children in general and the eating habits of the researched file of child population. It could be of benefit for parents and teachers as they have a great influence on children and ought to exercise a positive impact on children.
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Catechetic Activities during the Liturgical Year with Younger School Children in the České Budějovice Diocese
ŠVECOVÁ, Olga
The dissertation deals with the matter of catechetic activities during the liturgical year with younger school children applied to the activities in the vicarages of the České Budějovice diocese. The theoretical framework defines the liturgical year and characterizes its individual parts as well as its periodical and linear time systems. The second part deals with sensorial, motional and intellectual qualities of younger school children from the points of view of the evolutional psychology and religious education. The third part describes catechetics, catechetic activities, catechesis and its goals, definition and substantiality. The practical part contains a questionnaire carried out within the eleven vicarages of the České Budějovice diocese through vicarage catechetic representatives finding out the particular catechetic activities in their vicarage. The evaluation and concluding assessment with the sample of documentation of the activities during the liturgical year in the Town of České Budějovice vicarage concludes the dissertation.
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