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Allometric scaling of cellular morphologies in evolution and ecology of unicellular algae
Mezník, Daniel Heliodor ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Woodard, Kateřina (referee)
Allometry is a type of relationship between two changing traits of an organism's body. One of the most studied types is morphological allometry, which deals with the change of shape in relation to the size of an organism. The surface area to volume ratio is an immensely important feature that impacts many aspects of a cell's life, and there are ways of changing it. Unicellular algae are a diverse group with many specifics and a wide-ranging impact on the global ecosystem. The goal of this thesis is to introduce allometry and its types and applications with an emphasis on morphologic allometry and changes to the surface area to volume ratio, using specifically unicellular algae as model organisms.
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Úprava kvality bioplynu
Paroulková, Petra
This diploma thesis follows to the bachelor thesis Utilization of Algae in Biogas Trans-formations, which was rather a research type and dealt with the removal of carbon diox-ide by photosynthesis of algae from biogas. The aim of this thesis is to examine the issue of undesirable substances in biogas, mainly hydrogen sulfide, and to verify the possibil-ity of using Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) for the biogas treatment. This ver-ification is based on scientific studies and hypotheses. This culture was grown in the proposed laboratory system in BG11 medium and in BG11 medium with reduced SO4-2 sulfate salts for eight days and nine days. Based on the results of the culture parameters, sulphate formation in the nutrient medium has been proven to be dependent on pH and oxygen. During the measurement, the decrease of hydrogen sulfide concentration was recorded after application of the given culture apparatus. The loss of hydrogen sulfide occurred due to absorption into the nutrient medium. The hypothesis of the ability of algae to consume the resulting sulfate from the medium for their own use has not been confirmed.
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Možnosti průmyslového využití sinic a řas
Odehnalová, Jana
The bachelor thesis is elaborated in the form of literary research dealing with industrial use of algae and cyanobacteria. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the description and characteristics of individual algal species and cyanobacteria. The most important species used in the food industry are described here. The second part of the thesis deals with the processing of cyanobacteria and algae used to obtain important raw materials such as agar, carrageenan and alginates. There are also mentioned some types of these organisms used in the farm, in cosmetics production, in aquaculture, in wastewater treatment and as fertilizer and biofuel.
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Algal and Cyanobacterial Adaptations to Low Temperature and Desiccation
Jimel, Matouš ; Elster, Josef (advisor) ; Košťál, Vladimír (referee)
Algae and cyanobacteria, due of their evolutionary antiquity, are widely distributed primary producers that can withstand extreme environmental stresses. Low temperature, freezing and melting, and desiccation and rewetting, are common stresses prevalent mainly in polar regions and in winter seasons of temperate areas. In terms of physiological effects, these types of stresses share similar effects or are closely related to one another. Low temperatures and desiccation exert a variety of stresses that need to be negated or lessened by adaptations. Specifically, adaptations to chill, freeze, and desiccation stresses will be discussed, as well as strategies that allow for stress avoidance or resistant morphological adaptations. In this thesis, characteristics, functions and mechanisms of these adaptations and stresses are reviewed, as well as potential biotechnological uses of said adaptations. Key words: algae, cyanobacteria, freezing, chill, desiccation, abiotic stress, cryoprotectants, osmoprotectants, akinetes, cryoinjury
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Study of the ETICS surface resistance to biotic attack
Těžká, Adéla ; Žák,, Antonín (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the study of resistance of ETICS surface treatments to biotic attack. The theoretical part elaborates a research focused on biotic attack of facades of buildings insulated by contact insulation systems ETICS. Based on the information obtained during the elaboration of the bachelor thesis and further study, the optimization methodology of ETICS surface treatment resistance to biotic attack proposed in 2018 is elaborated. In the practical part, the proposed methodology is verified, evaluated and recommendations concerning the suitability of using the proposed methodology in construction practice are implemented.
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Encapsulation of active components and their applications in food industry
Malčíková, Hana ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The Diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation of bioactive compounds which are contained in selected superfoods for the purpose of application to childrens nutrition supplements. In view of the nature of selected samples, which are seaweed, walnuts, hemp seed and flax seed, the emphasis is put on the content of omega-3 and omega-6 acids. The theoretical part introduces topic of children food, further it describes the nature of selected superfoods and last but not least it contains screening of available childrens food supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids on the market. In the experimental part, an optimization of the appropriate type of extract was made. A 24 hour aqueous macerate and 20% ethanol macerate were selected for next analyzes. Samples were characterized by content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the antioxidant activity and they were used to forming of extracts were encapsulated into liposomes for which their encapsulation efficiency, stability and long-term stability have been tested. Hexan extracts were also prepared for the same reasons. It was found that liposomes of selected superfoods should not be stored for 12 weeks. The samples were used analyzed for the carbohydrate content by the duboise method, a protein content by the Kjeldahl method and the determination of the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Furthermore, the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls in algae samples was determined by spectrophotometry and this analysis was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The technique of high-performance liquid chromatography was also used to verified a content of polyphenols in the algae samples. Finally, a sensory analysis of prepared alginate supplements containing algae and cold-pressed oils was performer in combinations to achieve a higher omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content. The F01-labeled sample containing wakame algae was evaluated as the best one.
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Use of algae for production of biomass and bioproducts
Slonek, Jaroslav ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis is focused on description of use of algae for biomass and bioproducts production. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the taxonomic classification of algae and a basic summary of the characteristics of the different algal groups. The next part is aimed at bioproducts, which are obtained by algae cultivation and possibilities of further processing for energy purposes are also described. As for the cultivation, the emphasis is on modern methods in this area, i.e. on the possibility of using waste products in the culture process. In the next part, technological parameters of cultivation are discussed, for instance effects of technological parameters on growth and composition of biomass and production of desired products. The next chapter summarizes types of used culture bioreactors in which the growth of biomass occurs in a controlled environment. The information obtained and collected in the thesis is further discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
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The evolution of auxin metabolism, signalling and transport in the green lineage (Viridiplantae)
Schmidt, Vojtěch ; Petrášek, Jan (advisor) ; Fendrych, Matyáš (referee)
Phytohormone auxin is an essential coordinator of growth and development within land- plants. Mechanisms of auxin action in algae is still poorly understood, given that related research has begun recently. Current progress is derived mainly from available sequence data, which are necessary for analysis of gene homology with higher plants. In this case with the genes related to auxin action mechanisms, e.g. metabolism, signaling and transport. Auxin biosynthesis predated the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, but tighter regulation of auxin levels is the matter of land-plants. First auxin responses were probably non-transcriptional. Transcription-regulating nuclear signaling pathway assembled from more ancient domains, some of them were identified in Charophyta, but whole pathway was complete after colonization of land. Auxin transport out of the cell was one of the original mechanisms of regulating its levels. More sophisticated auxin carrier system was proposed to evolve in Charophyta, where polar auxin transport was identified. Auxin as a signaling molecule was present in primitive algae groups, but its response spectrum dramatically increased after colonization of land. Future research of auxin action evolution needs more model organisms to be established, especially from Charophyta....
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Studijní materiály pro badatelsky orientované vyučování k tématu sinic a řas na středních školách
HNÁTEK, David
Introduction of the thesis deals with inquiry-based science learning - from the level of research to its evaluation. The following practical advice summarize information about the possibilities of obtaining natural material for teaching, creating permanent diatom preparations and examples of suitable determination literature for teachers. The main part of this work presents 12 elaborated study materials for research teaching method divided into five phycologically oriented topics: (1) cyanobacterial and algal physiology, (2) biodiversity of standing waters, (3) algae defense mechanisms, (4) cyanobacteria and algae like bioindicators, (5) substances in cyanobacteria and algae and their importance for humans. Individual study materials contain information on the level of research, methodological guidance for teachers with a theoretical basis and introductory questions to motivate students, as well as a recording sheet for students and, in conclusion, own proposed solution for teachers. Another part of this thesis is a comparison of inquiry-based science learning with frontal education, which is done by didactic test.
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