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The metabolism of anthelmintics for helminth
Cvilink, Viktor ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Holčapek, Michal (referee) ; Machala, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Viktor Cvilink Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: METABOLISM OF ANTHELMINTICS IN HELMINTHS Anthelminthic drugs are presently the principal method for the control of helminth diseases. Knowledge of detoxification mechanisms that helminths possess is important for understanding the processes that affect the drug concentration within a helminth organism and may be crucial in the treatment efficacy. When the drug concentration in a target organism does not reach the therapeutic level, it results in a decreased efficacy of pharmacotherapy which may further lead to the induction of helminth biotransformation enzymes and eventually issue in resistance development to the administered drug. Present knowledge of helminth biotransformation enzymes is insufficient. Often it is not known whether a given individual helminth species possesses such enzymes or whether it is capable of employing them in treatment evasion. In the presented thesis, the objective was to investigate the biotransformation pathways of selected anthelminthics in model helminth species, identify the formed metabolites and characterize biotransformation enzymes of the studied parasites. Our...
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Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles formed by polymer-surfactant complexes
Dvořák, Filip ; Štěpánek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Netopilík, Miloš (referee)
In this work, copolymers of celulose-g-polystyrene (cel-PS) and celulose-g- poly(methylmetacrylate) (cel-PMMA) were characterized using static and dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Preparation of nanoparticles of these hydrophobic copolymers in aqueous solution was further studied, by means of precipitation from dioxane solutions using water with added low-molar-mass surfactants sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB). It was shown that the ability of the surfactants to stabilize polymer nanoparticles is driven not only by the hydrophobic effect, but it depends also on specific interactions of the polar group of the surfactant with the surface of the nanoparticles. On the basis of the finding that the efficiency of stabilization of cel-PS copolymers is much higher than in case of linear PS, it can be concluded, that the branched structure of copolymers is favorable for the formation of hydrofobically stabilised polymer-surfactant complexes.
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Latest Ludlow chitinozoans from the Prague Basin: significanec for correlations and succession during Kozlowskii/Lau extinction events
Vodička, Jakub ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Štorch, Petr (referee)
Two sections, Všeradice and Kosov, represent continuous sedimentary succession situated in the Prague Basin. No detailed research on stratigraphical level equal the N. kozlowskii graptolite zone focusing on chitinozoans, has not yet been conducted in the Prague Basin and is also very scarce globally. Limestone beds, examined for chitinozoans, were not very productive. Chitinozoan reaction on extinction is visible, if we compile data from both sections. The pre-extinct chitinozoan fauna is characterized by the Conochitinidae family. Samples from the post-extinct interval contained no chitinozoas. The interval of fauna recovery is characterized mainly by the Eisenackitina genera. In this interval, global zone for the uppermost Ludfordian, represented by E. barrandei, can be confirmed. In agreement with all the published literature, we have not found E. philipi, index taxa of the former global zone in the Prague Basin. E. lagenomorpha appears stratigraphically only slightly below E. barrandei and therefore it cannot substitute E. philipi, as it is used in Baltika region. chitinozoa, Prague Basin, Kozlowskii, Lau, extinction, Ludfordian, stratigraphy
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Characterization of Antirecombinase Activity of Human FBH1 Helicase
Šimandlová, Jitka ; Janščák, Pavel (advisor) ; Cséfalvay, Eva (referee)
Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential mechanism for accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, HR must be tightly controlled because excessive or unwanted HR events can lead to genome instability, which is a prerequisite for premature aging and cancer development. A critical step of HR is the loading of RAD51 molecules onto single-stranded DNA regions generated in the vicinity of the DSB, leading to the formation of a nucleoprotein filament. Several DNA helicases have been involved in the regulation of the HR process. One of these is human FBH1 (F-box DNA helicase 1) that is a member of SF1 superfamily of helicases. As a unique DNA helicase, FBH1 additionally possesses a conserved F-box motif that allows it to assemble into an SCF complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation. FBH1 has been implicated in the restriction of nucleoprotein filament stability. However, the exact mechanism of how FBH1 controls the RAD51 action is still not certain. In this work, we revealed that FBH1 actively disassembles RAD51 nucleoprotein filament. We also show that FBH1 interacts with RAD51 and RPA physically in vitro. Based on these data, we propose a potential mechanism of FBH1 antirecombinase function.
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Delivery and the Pelvic Floor
Kališ, Vladimír ; Rokyta, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Martan, Alois (referee) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee)
Vaginal Birth in Primiparas and Anal Incontinence Objective: An investigation of incidence and degree of anal incontinence after vaginal delivery among primiparas and characterizing of the risk factors Design: Prospective observational study Setting: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Pilsen, the Czech Republic Methods: 346 primiparas after consecutive vaginal delivery between 2000 and 2001 were included. All delivered in lithotomy position. Questionnaires were sent few days after delivery and then 2 and 6-9 months later. Analysis of returned questionnaires. 28 obstetric parameteres assessed. Results: 46.5% women responded. 23 women registered leakage of flatus before delivery. Two months postpartum 1 (0.6%) patient reported fecal incontinence and 22 (14.3%) flatus incontinence de novo or impaired already present incontinence. 6-9 months after delivery the same patient (0.6%) reported fecal incontinence and 16 women (10.4%) incontinence of flatus. 10 of them felt impaired quality of life. Anal incontinence gradually improved during the time (in 76%). Risk factors of developing (worsening) of anal incontinence were antenatal anal incontinence (in two months period) and women weight (or BMI) meassured at 6-9 months after birth. None of nine patients after forceps...
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Possibilities and Limits of Substitute Family Care
PRÁŠILOVÁ, Kateřina
The paper deals with the importance of substitute family care in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part characterizes possibilities of substitute family care, importance of family and its ambiance. Next, it describes risk and protective factors and substitute family, focuses on institutional treatment of children and possible problems of child{\crq}s socialization. Practical part contains casuistics and comparison of two chosen cases: case of successful and unsuccessful substitute family care. Both cases have good intention. They offer further view into problems of substitute family care. Its quality is not related only to those who decided to take abandoned child into their family but lies also in the child itself and not forgetting in abilities of workers securing substitute family care.
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Clinical and elektrophysiology longitudinal study of children with hereditary neurophathy Charlot-Marie-Tooth type 1A
Haberlová, Jana ; Seeman, Pavel (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Ambler, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vondráček, Petr (referee)
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, known asCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) and with an incidence of 1:2500 -1:10 000, is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Type CMT 1A is the most common form of CMT refering to the group of primary demyelinitateing motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. CMT phenotype is clinically characterized by chronic slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy with hypo or areflexia and mild to moderate acral sensory loss. The lower limbs are predominantly affected. The aims of this study were to describe the first and most common signs of CMT1A during the first decade of life, to characterize their progression, and evaluate the sensitivity of CMTNS (Charcot-Marie- Tooth neuropath scale) for CMT1A young children. Sixteen children aged 3 to 10 years with genetically proven CMT 1A were examined. All patients were clinically examined, underwent electrophysiological examination, and were scored by CMTNS. Eight were followed for up to two years. Our data shows that CMT 1A in children under the age of 10 years causes only a mild disability. Initial signs of CMT 1A were difficulty in heel walking (15/16, 93%) and lower limb hypo or areflexia ( 13/16, 81%). The test of heel walking can be easily used as a screening test for hereditary neuropathies in pediatrics....
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Contractual modification of community property of spouses
Ćavarová, Renata ; Dvořák, Jan (referee) ; Salač, Josef (advisor)
Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy Smluvní modifikace společného jmění manželů - 66 - The ContractingThe ContractingThe ContractingThe Contracting modification of the community of propertymodification of the community of propertymodification of the community of propertymodification of the community of property of spousesof spousesof spousesof spouses ResuméResuméResuméResumé In the Civil Code, there are only a few austere articles regarding the matrimonial law of property. This succinct legal form of the law of the marital property does not cover all situations in which the spouses could found themselves during their life together entirely. However the legal form of the Civil code in this matters is supplemented by the extensive judicial practices of the courts and by the juristic theory, which enhance it substantially. As a theme of my thesis I chose the contracting modification of the community of property of spouses. Directly according to the topic it is evident that I concentrated my thesis on the possibility of modifications of the community of property of spouses in a different way from the regulations of the Civil Code. The element of this thesis is an analysis and characterization of the fundamental institutes of the community of property of spouses. In my opinion there is not possible to describe...
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Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Kafková, Simona ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Cervical cancer is a disease characterized by an abnormal growth of cells in the uterine cervix. It is caused by an infection with a range of high risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and it is now accepted that more that 99 % of the cervical cancer is initiated by the HPV infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease. Most of the HPV infections are only temporary and human organism can destroy the infection with its own immune response. A persistent infection can lead to the malign transformation and an uncontrolled cell proliferation. There are more than 10 years between an epithelial infection and cervical cancer. Prevention of cervical cancer includes an HPV protection, an early diagnosis and a treatment. In spite of the fact that there has been enormous progress in the area of the cervical cancer prevention when vaccination against the most common HPV types was discovered, an early precancerous diagnosis through the use of the full-area screening still remains an essential precaution. The screening still needs to be provided not only to unvaccinated women but also to the immunized ones because current vaccines protect only against 80% of the oncogenic HPV types. Because of the prolonged absence of clinical symptoms in precancerous stages, the cytodiagnosis is the only method...
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Imaginary Elsewhere: The "West" in Czechoslovakian society in the time of Perestroika
Andělová, Kristina ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
In societies of state socialism the image of West was usually characterized by high degree of ambivalence. On the one hand the West was a space where negative social and politic phenomena could be displaced - as negative film should the official image of evil West full of social insecurity, criminality and poverty, reassured Czechoslovakian citizens of rightness of building socialism. On the other hand entirely opposite scenes were part of the public meaning- unconcealed admiration of fashion trends inspired by western mass culture (films, music). There was not only the fascination with consumer commodities of the western World, but also an admiration of lot of nonmaterial aspects (freedom of press, traveling, ecologic, feministic, pacifistic movements etc.). The West became gradually something mystical- it was at the same time "familiar and inaccessible, real and abstract, mundane and exotic". This ambivalence and inaccessibility was transforming the West in some mysterious and dreamlike place where instead of evil, the promise of happiness could be projected. Despite the official ideology and censoring attempts that limited the information about life behind the Iron Curtain, citizens in Czechoslovakia had an opportunity to create their own, quite clear image of West. At the same time I am trying to...
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