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Significance of MLL gene aberrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Šárová, Iveta
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), predominantly in AML M5a, the most frequent recurrent aberration of chromosome 11 involves region 11q23. Molecular breakpoint studies of several translocations involving chromosomal band 11q23 led to the detection of a gene that was named MLL (myeloid/lymphoid leukemia). This gene is important for the proper HOX gene expression during ontogenesis and hematopoiesis. Chromosomal aberrations affecting the MLL gene occur in 5 - 10 % of AML cases and are very variable. Since that time, more than 70 different translocation partners of the MLL gene have been described. Aberrations of the MLL gene are associated with an aggresive type of the disease and its detection is needed for the treatment decision. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of MLL abnormalities in bone marrow cells of the 66 newly diagnosed AML patients, using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses with a commercially available MLL Break Apart Rearrangement probe (Abbott VYSIS). Out of the 66 patients, we proved MLL abnormalities in 9 (13,6%): 5 (7,6%) showed translocation of MLL gene, in 3 (4,5%) we detected MLL gene amplification without any evidence of rearrangement and in 1 (1,5%) pacient only an extra copy of the MLL gene. The FISH results were verified by...
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Evaluation of anthropometric parameters at polytraumatic patiens.
Broulíková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
1 Abstract The evaluation of anthropometric paramters is one of an assessment of nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The correct designation of this condition is necessary to determine the patient's prognosis and further treatment to prevent or capture the first signs of developing malnutrition. This negatively affects the patient's condition and cause the development of other complications and prolonged treatment. In this study, anthropometric data collection were examined in polytraumatic patients. Examinations were conducted over a period of 8 months on Unit of the intensive care. The examination shall be subjected to a total of 20 patients with polytrauma different aged 15-64 years, 15 men and 5 women. The results were listed and evaluated examinations at 12 patients, the remaining patients could not be observed in the results of the work for missing data. Patients were examined twice during hospitalization, the basic length of the interval between inspections was 2 weeks. The results were statistically processed and evaluated the changes in some anthropometric parameters between the two measurement periods. Attention has been focused on prognostic indicators of nutritional status - the value of weight, BMI, left arm circumference, thickness of triceps skinfolds, FM (fat mass), FFM (fat- free...
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Proliferace močového měchýře v důsledku experimentálně vyvolané cystitis
Szingertová, Jana ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Proliferation of the urothelium, the inner epithelial lining of the bladder is very low under normal conditions but may increase during wound healing and inflammation. In the present study, proliferation in the urinary bladder in response to inflammation was assessed by using two experimental models for cystitis. In order to induce bladder inflammation, cyclophosphamide (CYP; 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/kg intravesically) were administered to female rats. 20 and 56 hours later, rats were administered the synthetic nucleotide bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg) and 4 hours later the rats were killed. In order to detect proliferation in the urothelium, immunohistochemistry was performed on the expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and BrdU. Signs of bladder inflammation (bladder wall thickening and hemorrhages) were observed both at 24 and 60 hours after CYP pre-treatment. After 24 hours, proliferation was observed in the urothelial layer of the bladder. After 60 hours, proliferation in the urothelium was decreased but appeared instead in the submucosa. Intravesical administration of LPS failed to induce bladder inflammation. The present study shows that the urinary bladder may attain a dynamic regenerative capacity in response to inflammation. Further...
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Shoulder pain syndrom as a complication of stroke and its treatment possibilities
Vejražková, Jitka ; Prokešová, Michaela (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
SOUBRN: Název práce: Syndrom bolestivého ramene jako komplikace CMP a možnosti jeho terapeutického ovlivnění Title of tbesis: Shoulder pain syndrome as a complication of stroke and its treatment possibilities Cíle práce: Cílem této teoretické práce bylo pomocí poznatků z dostupných zdrojů popsat danou problematiku a s využitím shromážděných informací · porovnat obecně platná stanoviska s výsledky provedených studií. Metoda: Tato práce Je rešeršního charakteru. Zvolenou metodou bylo tedy vyhledání dokumentů souvisejících se zadaným tématem, zpracování informací a začlenění získaných dat do kontextu obecně uznávaných poznatků o tématu formou komparativní kritiky. Závěr: Ze získaných informací o běžně uznávaných vědomostech v problematice bolestivého hemiplegického ramene a výstupech plynoucích z výsledků provedených studií vyplývají v mnoha ohledech rozpory a další otázky vhodné k řešení. Polemika plynoucí z rozdílných závěrů naznačuje, že mnohá zavedená dogmata o bolestivém rameni po prodělané CMP by bylo vhodné přehodnotit nebo podrobit dalšímu výzkumu. Klíčová slova: cévní mozková příhoda, iktus, buněčná smrt, syndrom bolestivého ramene, hemiplegické rameno, disabilita, bolest Key words: stroke, ischemie cell death, painful shoulder, hemiplegic shoulder pain, disability, pain 2
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Kinesiotherapy for addicts in the treatment therapeutic community
Večeřová, Petra ; Hátlová, Běla (advisor) ; Kirchner, Jiří (referee)
Název práce: Kinezioterapie v komunitní léčbě drogově závislých Kinesiotherapy for adicts in the treatment therapeutic community Cíle práce: Na podkladě poznatků předchozích studií z využití kinezioterapie v komunitní léčbě závislých, vytvořit a aplikovat specificky zaměřený pohybový program. Zaznamenat změny v aktuálním emočním stavu klienta z rozdílných hodnot měřených dotazníkem "Profile ofMood States" před zahájením a po ukončení kinezioterapeutické lekce. Metoda: Pro zjišťování změn aktuálního psychického stavu (emočních stavů a nálad) byl použit dotazník E-POMS "Profile of Mood States" (POMS), ve volném překladu "profil nálady" . Metoda je používána k profilování emočních stavů a nálad, zejména v souvislosti s potřebou monitorovat efekty krátkodobých terapií. E-POMS je sejmut vždy na začátku a na konci dané intervence. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 1Oklientů terapeutické komunity pro drogově závislé ve věku 18 až 32let, 4 ženy a 6 mužů. Výsledky testujsou doloženy třemi charakteristickými kazuistikam klientů. Výsledky: Z výsledků dotazníků E-POMS byly sestaveny tabulky a grafy, které byly následně porovnány a popsány rozdíly. Na základě získaných hodnot jsme vyhodnotili platnost hypotéz. Klíčová slova: kinezioterapie, závislost, léčba, drogy 2
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Epidemiological study of adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Svrčinová, Lenka ; Džupová, Olga (advisor)
Aim of the study: To find out the basic epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis, as well as treatment, complications, consequences and causes of death and then to evaluate the possible preventive measures. Material and methods: Adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis of community or hospital origin treated at the selected infectious diseases department were included in a longitudinal observational study. Demographic and anamnestic data, informations about the course, treatment, complications and consequences of the disease were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Results: From 2006-2008, 91 adult patiens (51 men, 40 women) aged 17 to 84 years with a median of 54 years were hospitalized. Nosocomial meningitis occurred in 2 cases. Predisposing disease or internal comorbidity were present in 74 % of patients. The triad of fever, meningism and changed mental status was present in 53 % of patients. All laboratory signs of purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid were found in 59 % of patients. The three most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (37 %), N. meningitidis (16 %) and L. monoňcytogenes (13 %). Two thirds of patients survived the disease without serious consequences, one third of patients either survived with serious consequences...
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New approaches in the treatment of macular edema. (Intravitreal triamcinolone acxetonide application)
Dusová, Jaroslava ; Hejcmanová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Boguszaková, Jarmila (referee) ; Kalvodová, Bohdana (referee)
New approaches in the treatment of macular edema. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide application. We evaluate the efficacy of 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone injection (IVTA) in patients with macular edema (ME) of various etiology. This prospective study included 54 eyes. Group I consisted of 30 eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME), group II included 16 eyes with ME after retinal vein occlusion and group III contained 8 eyes with cystoid macular edema (CME) after standard cataract surgery. All patients were examined prior to injection and at the 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months as followed: the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS charts, intraocular pressure (IOP) by applanation tonometry, anterior segment and macula biomicroscopy at the slit lamp. Colour fundusphotography was done and macular thickness (MT) was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). In all groups of ME, the reduction of MT and improvement of BCVA was observed during and at the end of the study. Mean BCVA in group I improved from 0.19 to 0.23 and MT decreased from 518µm to 375µm. Statistically significant improvement of BCVA (p<0,05) was demonstrated for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after IVTA. At the 12th month follow up improvement of BCVA was not significant (p=0,057). Reduction of ME was significant in all follow up...
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Cancer patients and self-medication with cannabis - a case study
Spůrová, Nikol ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
BACKGROUND: Medical effects of cannabis have been known since ancient times. In oncology, hemp is primarily used to suppress nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy. Treatment by cannabis isn't legal in the Czech republic as well as it already is in several countries. Yet, there are some cancer patients who self-medicate by hemp themselves. OBJECTIVES: In this study, I engage in the problem of self-medication with cannabis within cancer patients. I am interested in what makes clients decide to self-medicate themselves and whether they observe any changes. Where they get hemp from, how they use it, and how they gauge legal measures of using cannabis. METHODS: The study is conducted qualitatively, through interviews. FILE: Research file consists of two clients who self-medicated with hemp. RESULTS: The circumstances that led sick people to self-medication by hemp are various. Also, the methods of use and insight into the future vary. CONCLUSION: This work provides evidence of self-medication by cannabis directly from cancer patients. Keywords: cannabis drugs - therapeutical effects - self-medication - oncology
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Identification of metabolites of anthelminthics in helminth parasites using mass spectrometry
Komrska, Jan ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee) ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor)
If we want be successful in the treatment of parasitic disease, it is important to get the utmost information on the fate of given drug. The discovery of the metabolism of anthelmintics and in cosequence of participating enzymes can help us fight the rising resistance to given drugs. The aim of our work was to find and identify phase I and phase II metabolites of the anthelminthic drugs albendazole (ABZ), flubendazole (FLU) and mebendazole (MEB) formed in ex vivo incubations by parasitic helminth Dicrocoelium dendriticum, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. In the ex vivo study, D. dendriticum adults were incubated in cultivating medium in presence of benzimidazole drug for 24 hours. After incubation of parasites, both parasite homogenates and medium from the incubation were separately extracted using solid phase extraction. The extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We detected in phase I albendazole sulphoxide, reduced flubendazole and reduced mebendazole. As for phase II metabolites, methylderivatives of flubendazole, reduced flubendazole and reduced mebendazole were observed.
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Site-directed mutagenesis of the human histamin H4 receptor: The role of Arg-341 in the interaction with cyanoguanidine - type H4R agonists
Ládová, Kateřina ; Pávek, Petr (referee) ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Kateřina Ládová Consultant: Prof. Dr. Armin Buschauer Doc. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Site-directed mutagenesis of the human histamine H4 receptor: The role of Arg-341 in the interaction with cyanoguanidine-type H4R agonists The human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R) was discovered in 2000. The H4R is supposed to be involved in immunological processes and is considered a potential drug target, e. g., for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Cloning and expression of the hH4R inspired to the search for selective agonists and antagonists. Recently, UR-PI376 (2-cyano-1-[4-(1H- imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[(2-phenylthio)ethyl]guanidine) was identified within a series of cyanoguanidines as a highly potent and subtype-selective H4R agonist with pronounced preference for the human over the murine H4R (mH4R). According to molecular modelling studies, the cyanoguanidine moiety of UR-PI376 forms charge-assisted hydrogen bonds with Arg-341 of the hH4R, suggesting this amino acid brings about selectivity for the hH4R over the hH3R and is the reason for the preference of UR-PI376 for hH4R over mH4R as well. To elucidate the role of this amino acid in the interaction with...
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