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Formation of extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Fišák, Jaroslav
In the article, hydrological and meteorological conditions preceding two extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006 are discussed. Both were caused by cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland. Meteorological conditions preceding the rains were very similar in both cases – long-lasting lack of precipitation and extraordinary high air temperatures. We analyze the role of insufficient plant transpiration in the rise of both extreme rains.
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Past hydrometeorological extremes in south-western Moravia (Czech republic) derived from taxation records
Chromá, Kateřina ; Brázdil, Rudolf ; Valášek, H. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Dolák, L.
Historical records related to taxation at fi ve landed estates located in the south-western part of Moravia in today’s Czech Republic are employed for the study of hydrological and meteorological extremes during the 1761–1900 period. At that time, the tax system in Moravia allowed farmers to request tax relief if their crops or land were damaged by natural disaster. Th is study disclosed a total of 69 hydrometeorological events resulting in damage in the 1761–1900 period, with the highest concentration of extreme events in 1771–1799 and 1822– 1849 (together 82.6%). Of 113 extremes classifi ed, torrential rains (34.5%) and hailstorms (31.9%) were the most frequent, followed by thunderstorms, fl oods, windstorms and fl ash fl oods. June (30.4%) was the month with the highest occurrence of extreme events and July (31.0%) for classifi able extremes; in both cases their highest frequency occurred in May–August. However, the results obtained are infl uenced by uncertainties related to taxation records, such as temporal and spatial incompleteness or limitation of the vegetation period, as well as by the local occurrence of the phenomena studied, a trend demonstrated by comparison with the results of Dolák et al. (2013). Taxation records constitute a very important source of data for historical climatology and hydrology.
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Household adaptation strategies to floods.The case study of the Bečva river basin, the Czech Republic
Duží, Barbora ; Vikhrov, Dmytro ; Stojanov, Robert ; Jakubínský, Jiří
Th is paper investigates household adaptation strategies in a region aff ected by repeated fl oods, focused on the period from 1997 to 2012. Th e main research question pay attention to the overall state of household adaptation measures and whether we can discover some progress in response to repeated fl ooding from the various sources of the Bečva river basin. Th e target area is located along the upper and middle parts of the Bečva river basin in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. Th e research was conducted during autumn and winter 2012. In the empirical part, we use a mixed methodology and case study approach. Firstly, we conducted qualitative research through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders in the region (N=21), to serve as an initial leadup to the issue. Th en we proceeded with quantitative research by conducting door-to-door questionnaires with household residents (N=304) in risk zones in relation to fl ood occurrence, to fi nd out which factors infl uence adaptation strategies. Th e qualitative research revealed that most of the respondents were aware of the limits of regional adaptation measures that have been taken up to now. Quantitative research detected that household adaptation to repeated fl oods has slowly improved. Generally speaking, although regional bodies and households have taken some adaptation measures to fl oods, complex ways of adjusting to climate extremes remain underdeveloped.
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Right-wing Extremism and Civil Society
Varga, Roman ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (advisor) ; Moree, Dana (referee)
Right-wing extremism and its manifestations have undergone quite big changes in recent years. Extremists are trying to reach the supporters and voters and get to higher politics by changing their image and behaviour. Due to the attention of politicians, the public and the media, we can talk, in my opinion, about a "boom of extremism". In the spring of 2009, there was not a single day without extremism mentioned on television or printed media, and even though this "hysteria" calmed down during next months, extremism is still a hot topic. Social climate has changed of course, and public opinion is now, after all, less tolerant to open expressions of racism, xenophobia and Nazism or Fascism. This work will aim to clarify or bring different perspectives to the concept of political extremism, on the basis of which groups are described as extremist, who identifies them so, why, what is the relationship between extremist groups and civil society and how civil society and State (or both together) fights extremism. The last part of this work is to survey civil actions arising in response to the growing extremism, their cooperation with other sectors and forms of resistance against the right-wing extremism.
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Influence of precipitation and temperature in the period 1961–2100 on the possibilities to grow Picea abies in the Czech Republic
Cudlín, Pavel ; Štěpánek, P. ; Macků, J. ; Kohout, M. ; Rožnovský, J.
For environmental risk estimation of Norway spruce ecosystems under climate change, the space means for each „forest vegetation degree“ in the frame of all so called „natural forest areas“ basic climatic characteristics (above all mean daily diameter, daily precipitation sum) and two climatic extremes (number of days with daily precipitation sum < 1 mm, number of days with maximum temperature > 30 oC) were computed. Aggregate typological units, as“forest type sets” and “management types” in combination with “forest stand types”, were used for environmental risk estimation at „natural forest areas“ and whole Czech Republic levels. Endangered forest stands, occurred in given “forest type set”, „forest vegetation degree“ and „natural forest area“ were estimated using comparison of basic and derived climatic parameters between all 5 time period (1961–2099). Measured data from climatic stations were used for the period A (1961–1990) and B (1991–2009); for periods C (2010–2039), D (2040–2069) and E (2070–2099) the data were modeled by climatic model ALADIN-Climate/CZ. This procedure enabled to distinguish all „natural forest areas“ into “warm” ones, which do not meet requirements for ecological conditions of Norway spruce at present period B and “cold” ones which meet them
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Analysis of major precipitation events in Kopaninský stream catchment flow - a comparison with radar data ČHMÚ
ZAVŘEL, Bohuslav
Due to more frequent occurrence of extreme precipitation and consequent floods, demands for more accurate input data for modelling of rainfall-runoff processes are growing up. These models provide an approximate picture of the future state of the watercourse and the basin. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to do an analysis of selected precipitation events in the in the Kopaninský stream research basin for more accurate information on rainfall-runoff processes. The aim of the analysis of individual precipitation events is to evaluate differences in total precipitation and volume measurements recorded in the basin and radar estimated precipitation. The output is detailed data series of spatial and temporal distribution of major precipitation events in the GIS used as input to hydrologic models. The issues of atmospheric precipitation, precipitation interpolation methods and meteorological radars are discussed in the literature review, which explains selected basic concepts and principles of these topics.
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Economic analysis of influence of weather extremes on working and return on investment of small hydropower plants in the Czech republic betwen 2000-2015
Pavlík, Vladimír ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
Nowadays, investments to small hydroelectric power stations are still highly profitable. Return on investment of a small hydroelectric power station is frequently half the period guaranteed by the state or by energy regulatory authority (Energy Regulatory Office, ERO). There is an information asymmetry among the state, as the entity that providing a subsidy, and operator of a small hydroelectric power station. These power station have constantly great potential. However, the risk of extreme hydrological fluctuations caused by floods or drought is discussed more thoroughly. Consequently, these fluctuations might harm the return on investment. The aim of this thesis is to determine to what extent hydrological extremes will affect the return on investment...
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