|
|
Comparison of hookah, electronic cigarette and classic cigarettes in regard to emitted particles
Krátký, Štěpán ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focusing on the research of chosen smoking types and their comparison in regard to emitted particles. Aerosol created during smoking represents a serious threat for human health. For purposes of this work an experimental set-up was constructed in the Laboratory of Aerosol Research at BUT FME and experiments simulating smoking process were carried out. The results of these experiments are presenting objective information about the constitution of produced aerosol which enters smoker’s lungs. There are many myths about the harmful effects of different types of smoking. The goal of this work is to verify and resolve these myths and set the foundation for possible upcoming research in this area.
|
|
|
The measurement of total alkaloids in tobacco
Pipková, Renata ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the assay of total alkaloids in different tobacco types. To measure the content of total alkaloids are utilized types of tobacco used for preparation of tobacco blends and consecutive production of cigarettes. The samples of analyzed tobacco include various countries of cultivation and different crop years. There is described tobacco as a plant, in it contained alkaloids and the utilization of tobacco in the theoretical part. In more detail it deals with the production and construction of cigarettes which is closely related to the content monitoring of total alkaloids in tobacco. The contents of total alkaloids are determined by the continuous flow analyzer- SKALAR. On this spectrophotometer are set the contens of reducing sugars as well. The comparison of total alkaloids contents and reducing sugars from the perspective of single tobacco types, countries of cultivation and crop years is clearly summarized in the experimental part of the thesis that was performed in the company Philip Morris ČR, a.s.
|
|
|
ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXCISE DUTY ON TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND ITS INFLUENCE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC FROM 1993 TO THE PRESENT
Valešová, Věra ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pekárek, Štěpán (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the excise duty on tobacco products in the Czech Republic since 1993 up to the present time, especially the development of rates and revenues. Excise duty is imposed on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and also in the other European Union countries. Harmonisation efforts in the European Union and also fiscal need of Czech Republic cause frequent changes in tobacco excise duty rates, which conduces not only to change of tax collection, but can also bring some other related effects. In the theoretical part I first characterize the tax theory with a detailed focus on excise duty on tobacco products. Subsequently I define the meaning of excise duty on tobacco products, the principles and the mechanisms of the tax collection. In the practical part of the thesis I aim at analyse the evolution of the legal framework that affects excise duty on tobacco products and significantly affects the thesis in other sections. Further, I analyse the relationship between the rate of excise duty on tobacco products and tax collection and find out that the higher rate of excise duty not always led to higher tax yields. Finally I assess the effectiveness of the increase of excise duty on tobacco products and its impact on the consumption of tobacco products, illegal market and the public budgets.
|
|
|
Aspects influencing smoking cessation in population
HAUKOVÁ, Michaela
Bachelor thesis deals with the aspects of smoking cessation in population. The work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into 3 main sections: smoking, the effects of smoking, and smoking cessation methods. It describes the history of smoking, the emergence of smoking, addiction treatment, the harmful substances in tobacco, the negative effects of smoking, and others. The practical part consists of qualitative research using an interview with six respondents. The aim was to map the available methods of quitting smoking, to find out why a select group of smokers started smoking, and why they wanted to quit/why they quit and how they succeeded.
|
|
|
Impacts of changes in taxation on consumption of tobacco products, government budget and illegal market in the Czech Republic
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šlajs, Jan (referee)
The thesis describes and analyzes the excise tax on tobacco products and the relevant market in the Czech Republic. Changes of the excise tax on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and their impacts on the public finance, on sales of tobacco products, and on illegal market trading these products are analyzed as well as effects of government regulation on the tobacco products market. The thesis concludes that increasing excise taxes, due to the Peltzman effect, may lead to originally unintended consequences which are in the contradiction to arguments in favor of the tax increase. Distortions on the tobacco products' market make the efficient regulation difficult.
|
|
|
Evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention of tobacco smoking in secondary schools in the district Strakonice
HOCHOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis deals with the issue of smoking. It is a serious global problem. Illnesses and death associated with smoking are among the most important problems of Public health in most countries. The risk of damage threatens not only to active smokers but also those who are exposed to passive smoking. Abuse of tobacco is clearly linked to cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other serious diseases. Most smokers begin to smoke no longer in secondary schools. According to Kalina (2003) is modus 14 years. Therefore, preventive activities must be realized before this period. School (outside of family and peers) affects education, attitudes and values of the student. Compulsory school attendance does from primary schools ideal environment for implementation preventive activities. That is reason why I wanted to know if and how well schools use an education as a means of primary prevention. Theoretical part contains the terminology associated with tobacco issues, further a history of tobacco and methods of tobacco and nicotine use. The following chapters provide information of substances contained in cigarettes, selected diseases, prevention, legislation, cessation and withdrawal symptoms and methods of quitting. I used a quantitative method for research in the practical part. Respondents were selected from among pupils from primary schools of Strakonice. At each of the schools in Strakonice I addressed to 50 pupils. First half of them were educated and second half were not. Two hundred of students were interviewed together. I discarded two questionnaires. Total quantity of respondents was 198 students. Questionnaire contained 20 questions, which was designed for students of second grade of elementary school. I set three targets. The main target was to map the problem of smoking among pupils of primary schools in Strakonice, evaluate the impact of education on the knowledge of the respondents and ascertain the views of students on the quality of education. Research has shown that the prevalence of smokers among students of second grade of elementary school in Strakonice is lower than prevalence by GYTS. Older pupils (who were educated) smoke to the greater extent (15.3 %) than younger (uneducated) pupils (6 % smokers). More than 70 % of smokers want to quit the smoking. Almost 26 % of respondents tolerate smoking of other people. Impact of education was assessed by the knowledge part of the questionnaire. It contained eight questions with a choice of four answers, only one was correct. The quality of information obtained in the school, most pupils assessed as good or marginal. These three hypotheses were created: the prevalence of smokers among respondents is higher with higher age, there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge of the issue of smoking between educated and uneducated pupils, and school provides respondents more information than other sources. For statistical verification was used the chi-square test at a significance level of 5 %. The first and second hypothesis was confirmed. A third hypothesis was refuted. Most pupils answered: media (television, internet...), school and family. The quantity of answers was balanced and so we can't talk about a statistically significant difference. Survey has enabled me to become a teacher for two hours. I was able teach sixth grade pupils in the issue of smoking. I have gotten so complex idea about the role of education in primary prevention. I was also convinced that it is necessary to grasp the issue from the perspective of pupil, not teacher. The theoretical part of the thesis can serve as educational material for students, teachers and the public. The practical part can be used to compare the results with other works or to monitor trends of smoking in Strakonice.
|
|
|
Marketing enviroment and the introduction of new brands
Poul, Jaroslav ; Procházková, Markéta (advisor) ; Tuza, Jan (referee)
The aim is to provide a comprehensive view of the market of tobacco products. Focus is mainly on cigarette market, where I will zoom on the possibilities of DanCzek Teplice a.s., which is supplier of own brand cigarettes. Seeking answers to questions that will help company gain competitive advantage through creative solutions. The work includes a situation analysis, segmentation of target group customers, own recommendations to marketing activities. All advices must compete in real market enviroment and comply with legislative requirements.
|
|
| |
|
|
Alcohol and Cigarettes: Substitutes or Complements?
Totzauer, Přemysl ; Koblovský, Petr (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This paper uses agregate level data in the Czech Republic from 1995 to 2008 to estimate if alcohol and cigarettes are complements or substitutes. The question whether alcohol and cigarettes are substitutes or complements is crucial for considering efficient anti-drug policies, however there has been only a few discussion regarding this topic. My estimation results suggest that cigarette price plays a significant role in both cigarettes and alcohol demand and an increase in cigarette price leads to a decrease in both cigarettes and alcohol consumption. This suggest that alcohol is a complement to cigarettes and anti-drug policy focused on cigarettes causes double win effect. Alcohol price increase leads to increase in cigarette consumption but alcohol price is statistically signifficant neither in alcohol nor in cigarette consumption, therefore we can't use this as evidence for cigarettes being substitutes to alcohol.
|
|
|
The habits of teen-agers (alcohol, drugs, smoking, gamblers,...)
SCHNEIDEROVÁ, Monika
Abstract In my thesis ``Habits of secondary school students{\crqq} (alcohol, drugs, smoking, gambling{\dots}) I dealt with the use of addictive substances by students in the 2nd year of secondary schools. The use of addictive substances by young people has become a topical issue. According to statistical data, the number of users of both legal and illegal substances has been growing every year. It is disturbing that addictive substances, such as alcohol, nicotine or illegal drugs, have been used by ever younger consumers. In the theoretical part I covered the period of adolescence, characteristic features of that period and behavior disorders that may occur. I also reviewed the individual types of drugs and their physical and mental effects on the organism. In the empirical part of the thesis my objective was to map the current situation in drug abuse at selected secondary schools in the towns of Rokycany and Tábor. The researched group consisted of 325 respondents. I used a questionnaire to investigate their family backgrounds, alcohol consumption, cigarette consumption and experience with other drugs, e.g. marihuana, hashish or ecstasy. 2 of the 3 formulated hypotheses were refuted and 1 hypothesis was confirmed. All results are shown in form of tables and diagrams. In the discussion I compared my results with other research papers dealing with the same topic. The biggest issue in the selected group of respondents was the smoking of cigarettes. According to my findings, education is a major factor in the consumption of the individual drugs. The consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and other drugs is higher among apprentices while the consumption among students of comprehensive secondary school is significantly lower.
|
guest ::
