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An Essence of Human in the Philosophical Anthropology of Max Scheler
KOHOUT, Petr
My bachelor{\crq}s thesis is engaged in philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler, concretely in his human{\crq}s conception. I try to demonstrate an essence of human and differences among human, animals and plants according to Max Scheler. The text is divided into five parts. The first one addresses the biography of Max Scheler. It includes his pieces and minds. The second part nears five ways of views of the human in the past in Occident. The third part deals with mental side of life of human, animals and plants. The fourth part is devoted to essence of human differing from other animated nature. The fifth part solves the human{\crq}s constitution. The conclusion summarises the entire finding knowledge.
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Study of tebuconazole complexes with metal ionts
Norková, Renáta ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (advisor) ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (referee)
Tebuconazole belongs to widely utilized plant fungicides, mostly in vineyards. Its traces are present in plant tissues, wine as well as in soil. The aim of the study was to determine stoichiometries and stabilities of metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ca and Ag) complexes with tebuconazole (1) by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrommetry (ESI-MS). It was found that the complexes of tebuconazole with copper ions are particularly stable ([Cu(1)]+ has appearance energy 224 kJ·mol-1 , corresponding with the dissociation of the water molecule from the tebuconazole molecule), while the stability of another tebuconazole complexes is lower, about 150 kJ·mol-1 . In real environmental samples, the detection of 1 itself is hampered by its spreading into various species. The method involved here is based upon a hyphenation of electrochemistry (amperometry) and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). It uses the fact that Cu creates very stable complexes with 1. We demonstrate that at appropriate potentials (at higher than 500 mV) Cu cations can be generated in an electrochemical cell and subsequently form complexes with 1 present in the sample. The resulting complex [Cu(1)]+ is detected with ESI-MS. The intensity of detected complexes depends on the concentration of 1 and the oxidation level of the...
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The mechanism of action of anticancer drug ellipticin in target tissues of its effect
Vranová, Iveta ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Martínková, Markéta (referee)
Ellipticine is an alkaloid isolated from Apocynaceae plants exhibiting significant antitumor and anti-HIV activities. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) and peroxidases are the enzymes participating in metabolism of ellipticine. This process provides activation and detoxication metabolites of ellipticine. The CYP enzymes, which participate in oxidation of ellipticine in different tissues (liver, lung and kidney) of rat, a model organism simulating the fate of ellipticine in humans have already been identified. In this work, the effects of ellipticine on contents and catalytic activities of CYPs and other components of the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system in this animal system were studied. For detection of contents of CYPs and other components of the MFO system, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were used. To determine catalytic activities of CYPs and NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase, reactions with specific substrates of these enzymes were utilized. The results found in this study demonstrate that expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A is induced by ellipticine in all of the tested organs (liver, kidney and lung) of rats treated with the drug. Moreover in liver, the cytochrome b5 expression is also induced. In addition, in this organ, expression and catalytic activity of CYP3A was increased by...
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Biological activity of plants metabolites. XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. WANG.
Poruba, Martin ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Martin Poruba Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plants metabolites XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.WANG. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the only approved drugs for treating patiens with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cholinergic hypothesis postulates that memory impairment in patiens with AD result from a deficit of cholinergic function in the brain. A decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain of patiens with AD appers to be a critical element in producing dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can restore the level of acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. In the screening of natural inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, alkaloid extracts from species of Papaverales have demonstrated important AChE inhibitory activity. The summary extract of alkaloids was prepared from the dry tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo (10,8 kg). The ethanolic extract was fractionated to get weak-, medium and hight-basic alkaloids and chlorides of quarternary bases. From the diethylether fraction (pH 12) of alkaloids were isolated two known alkaloids: palmatine (CAS 3486-67-7) and...
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Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures
Provazníková, Věra ; Siatka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Věra Provazníková Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures Experimental work aimed at monitoring of influence of the cerium chlorid as an elicitor on the production of scopoletin in Angelica archangelica L suspension cultures. Cultivation was carried out by on Murashige and Skoog medium in the light and also in the darkness. For the quantification of scopoletin was used technique of high performance chromatography with fluorimetric detection. The findings of the work demonstrated the higher values of the scopoletin amount by the cerium iones elicitation at the cultivation in the dark.
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In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - IV.
Kunzová, Lucie ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - IV. Lucie Kunzová Elicitation is one of the methods which can effect the production or accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cultures. The effect of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours influence by three concentrations of the abiotic elicitor methylviologen (paraquat) on the rutin production by Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. callus and suspension culture was monitored in this study. The in vitro culture was cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with the addition of 10 mg/l of dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a growth regulator. The content of rutin was determined by HPLC. The maximal content of rutin in callus culture (0,25 %) was demonstrated after 72 hours of methylviologen elicitation (c1 = 2,1929 · 10-3 mol/l). The maximal content of rutin in suspension culture (0,02 %) was demonstrated after 24 hours of methylviologen elicitation (c3 = 2,1929 · 10-5 mol/l).
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Spontaneous succession of vegetation of abandoned quarries in the Bohemian Karst: Occurrence of species in quarries and their surroundings
KAREŠOVÁ, Petra
Variation of vegetation during spontanneous succession was researched in ten limestone quarries in the Bohemian Karst in central part of the Czech Republic. Five abandoned quarries surrounded by woodland and five quarries with grassland prevailing in the surroundings were chosen. The age of quarries varied from 33 to 97 years. The complete list of plant species was recorded for each quarry and near surroundings (up to 100m).Resulting analyses demonstrated the close relationship between the occurrence of species in the quarries and their surroundings. The quarries may act as refugia for rare and retreating specie
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of contaminated soil and water and use of bioassays for bioremediation
Hubálek, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis is to identify the ecotoxicity of contaminated soil and water during bioremediation. Different test organisms were selected for the battery of ecotoxicity tests such as the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the terrestrial plants Sinapis alba, Lactuca sativa, and Hordeum vulgare, the water plant Lemna minor, the earthworm Eisenia fetida, and the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens. A comparison of individual biotests with various organisms and endpoints should demonstrate their suitability and sensitivity for the ecotoxicity evaluation of contaminated soil and water. The bioassays were used for the evaluation of the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, composting of PAH-contaminated soil and remediation of contaminated groundwater. The ecotoxicity of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil originating from a brownfield was evaluated during a 17-month biodegradation pilot test (experiment I). The initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil was 6380 µg.g-1 dry weight; the concentration of TPH in the soil decreased by 65.5 % after bioremediation. The highest toxicity was detected in the first period of bioremediation; however, certain toxic effects were detectable during the whole bioremediation process. The contact tests were the most...
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