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Climate change and its effect on insurance industry
Landa, Josef ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kiovský, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change is an undisputable fact. However it has not been found out yet with certainty what role does the human activity play and how is climate change influenced by nature cycles. A major role play greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. These gases are linked to various issues, one of them being the global warming. In order to reduce the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, various conferences on climate change took place. During meetings participants have been trying to find a solution for gradual reducing level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will probably result in more severe natural catastrophes, according to renowned scientists. Most probably there will be a rising occurrence of tropical cyclones, severe droughts or a change in rain precipitation throughout the world. Future predictions are not clear yet and there is still no common agreement among scientists about how the future developments will be. However there is a clear increasing trend in the amount of insured losses, economic losses and the number of catastrophic events, which influences insurance industry. This trend could be caused by more elements, including increasing insurance penetration, increasing concentration of economic values or increasing migration into hazard zones. Climate change can also be partly to blame for the negative developments of insured losses and therefore insurance industry should play a major role in an effort to assess possible future risks in order to decrease its vulnerability to future risk developments. Indemnity rise makes insurance companies and the whole industry more vulnerable to insolvency and thus new ways to diversify risks are being searched for. Cooperation between public and private sector is one of the solutions which help to make almost uninsurable risks insurable. However, there are still risks that are almost unbearable by cooperation of these two sectors. Alternative risk transfer to capital market is one of solutions for mitigating the possibility of huge future losses. In the process of an alternative risk transfer, investors are participating in catastrophe risk development through e.g. catastrophe bonds. Bonds give investors an opportunity to further diversify their portfolio and receive an attractive yield in return to an exposure to a risk of a big catastrophe loss which could result in installment cut, installment annulment or even principal annulment depending on the severity of the catastrophe. Through these risk transfer methods catastrophe losses of huge extents can be spread to more parties, helping to decrease the risk of default of parties and thus increasing the probability of liabilities settlement.
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Analysis of water demand depending on the level of temperature and precipitation
Malý, Vítězslav ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Petŕužela, Lubomír (referee)
The demand for water is a very specific variable determined by many factors. The thesis aims to explain how does weather condition influenced the overall character of water demand. Predictions of climate change shows that in terms of CR it can expect changes in total precipitation during the seasons, the increase in average temperatures and a change in the variability and intensity of extreme events. The analysis therefore focuses on clarifying the impact of the level of temperature and precipitation on water withdrawals from public water supply. Analysis used daily data on the collection of water from public water supply for each interested location and daily hydrological data on the level of average daily air temperature and daily rainfall.
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Evaluation of long-term climatological monitoring of Mokré louky wetland by Třeboň and of other meteorological stations related to a change of hydrological cycle
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Milena
This study presents a detailed evaluation of long-term climatic data obtained from the meteorological station at Mokré louky wetland by Třeboň. A method for evaluation of dependence of air temperature on precipitation cycle is proposed and applied. The data from Mokré louky are compared with data from other meteorological stations in Czech Republic as well as in Europe and surroundings. The obtained results confirm a strong dependency of solar radiation reaching the Earth surface and dependently also the air temperature on the precipitation cycle. They represent in this way a fresh point of view on reasons for climate change, where the climate change is considered to be caused by a gradual decrease of permanent vegetation and current global desertification of continents.
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Vegetation of heat pipelines and participation of invasive species
SVĚTLÍKOVÁ, Petra
Both climate change and plant invasions are phenomenons affecting vegetation structure and its functioning. This study compares vegetation of heat pipelines with surrounding vegetation and investigated survival of thermophilic species in the zone on heat pipelines. Reactions of plants on global warming, including possible invasive behaviour of alien species, are briefly discussed.
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Climate change and engineering precaution in all-planetary scale
Kos, Z. ; Košková, Romana
All the fundamental analysis of climate resulted in prediction of the climate change. The main impact of greenhouse gases production of mankind will be global warming. The political negotiations against climate change organised up to now require regulation of greenhouse gases only. Actions like the Kyoto Protocol will not stop the increase of concentrations of greenhouse gases and further global warming. On the other hand, the methods of engineering the whole planet - geo-engineering - are capable to reduce the global temperature by engineering methods.
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Climate change and plant transpiration
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ. ; Syrovátka, O.
The article shows how the plant transpiration cools the boundary level of the atmosphere. In a summer day, when the heat input is 5 to 6 kWh/m2 per day, in the mountainous and submontane areas of the Czech Republic (600 to 1400 m a.s.l.) the plant transpiration decreases: (1) maximum temperature of plant cover from 47 to 25 degrees C, (2) maximum temperature of boundary level of the atmos-phere from 29 to 21 degrees C, (3) maximum temperature of the soil in the depth of 15 cm from 15 to 8 degrees C. The cooling caused by plant transpiration substantially af-fects the energy balance of the land surface. Insufficient transpiration caused an increment of thermal energy of about 23
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Impacts of climate change on the water quality in a dimictic reservoir
Růžička, Martin ; Hejzlar, J. ; Cole, T. M.
The study deals with prospective change in water quality in a reservoir caused by predicted climit change. Change of quality of the water on its way through watershed and reservoir was simulated by an modeling system consisting of a precipitation-runoff model,an empirical model of the river water composition and a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the reservoir processes.Boundary conditions for model were based on the 20-year real data series(1981-2000) and predicted climate characteristics according to the results of the contemporary global circulation models(GCMs).
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Research on possible climate change impacts
Huth, Radan ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Žalud, Z. ; Šťastná, M. ; Trnka, M. ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Buchtele, Josef ; Růžička, Martin ; Kalvová, J. ; Nemešová, Ivana
Brief information about the projects on climate change impact research running at the Academy of Sciences. Their common part is the construction of climate change scenarios for experimental sites.
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