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Modern methods of wet cleaning flue-gas
Kubíček, Jan ; Grolig, Ondřej (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
The main theme of this master’s thesis is to acquaint with flue gas cleaning problems. Also modernization of experimental device called “O-element”, installed in laboratory at Institute of process and environmental engineering, is involved in this master’s thesis. “Oelement is used for cleaning acid elements from flue gas. Further there are results of experimental measuring on this device, and their estimation.
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Recovery of Energy from Municipal Wastes
Šíma, Kamil ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The topic of the diplome thesis is draft of the waste-to-energy plant for municipal waste with cogeneration of heat. Basic specification of project: Waste-to-Energy plant is facilitated by two rotary kilns of type operating in parallel. Further flue gas leaving the post-combustor enters a multicyclone unit to separate substatial portion of fly-ash. Heat of flue gas at the temperature of 1000°C generates superheated steam in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Dry sorption process is appllied for flue gas treatment. Specifically sodium bi-carbonate is used for it. Products of reactions and remnants of dust are separated by a baghouse. Superheated steam, generated by two HRSG, presents the inlet stream of a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction. The diploma thesis contains calculation of major devices and basic economical and financial statement of project.
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Unit for utilization of contaminated biomass for energy production
Votava, Jakub ; Broukal, Jakub (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to create preliminary design calculations to determine dimensions, weights and pressure losses of individual contaminated biomass combustion gas treatment nodes. The first part of the thesis deals with the definition of biomass as a fuel, legislative determination of allowed emissions and their description. Then the systems for combustion gas treatments are discussed given their brief description. The practical part focuses on shape designs, determining base dimensions of each type. Weights and pressure losses of individual versions are computed too. In the last part the individual versions are solved with real values and compared to each other.
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Hydrodynamic analysis of basic equipment in units for the thermal processing of wastes
Říha, Kamil ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (referee) ; Pařízek, Tomáš (advisor)
Thermal processing of wastes is a metod, when during combustion occur reduction of wastes till 10% previous volume. The main advantage of this method is possibility to heat utilization for heat and electric production. Through thermic process develops range of pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2, HCl, HF, PCDD/F) that had to be remove from off-gas or reduced to enviromental values in agreement with laws in force [16]. For this purpose are combustion units equip with range of devices for removing this pollutans. The main task of this diploma thesis is selectoin of ctirical device in term of pressure drops. The value of pressure drop stands significant part in proposition of efficiecy off-gas fan. In increase or decrease total pressure drop consumption of electrical energy of off-gas fan is rising or going down. Change of consumption in total classification is projecting in energy utilization rate of waste where is determinate if it stands of energy utilizatoin or just incineration. In first part of diploma thesis are described in detail availability methods of off-gas cleaning where is described their principle, advanteges, disadvatages and comparison of effectivity. In second part of diploma thesis is made example model about influnce technology on value of total pressure drop. There were chosen two technologies for removing dioxins (technology of catalytic filtration REMEDIA and DeNox/DeDiox). For both technologies were made detailed analysis of pressure drops single components of these technologies. Attainment results were compared and rated with one another. For analysis these two methods were designed mathematical process in software Maple 9.5.
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Energy recovery of waste
Vala, Michal ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Moskalík, Jiří (advisor)
The first part of this thesis sums up problems arising from waste production and compares different ways and technologies of waste treatment. Second part of this thesis focuses on one of these ways, on the incineration of waste with energy recovery. It discusses specifics and possibilities of this technology and describe current situation in the Czech Republic.
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Application of activated carbon in flue gas treatment process
Navrátil, Petr ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to explain the problematic of flue gas treatment from the air pollutants mainly by methods using adsorption on activated carbon. There is an introduction to environmental protection, description of selected chemicals, charcoal and description of technologies to remove pollutants in municipal waste incinerators, and finally mention the possibilities of disposal or reuse of a saturated carbon. And finally selection of appropriate methods and design for a specific application.
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Energetical utilization of waste, especially sewage sludge
Havlásek, Martin ; Kuba, Pavel (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor´s work discusses about energetical utilization of sewage sludge. The process is described from sludge treatment to flue gas cleaning. The main emphasis is on incineration, which are governed by legislation. First are listed sludge treatment and utilization technology which included thermal processing in which is thoroughly described the process of incineration. The following are methods for co-incineration of sludge and devices for direct incineration. Work is finished by chapter about flue gas cleaning.
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Co-incineration sewage sludge in the existing plant
Krejčí, Tomáš ; Ferdan, Tomáš (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis focuses on problems with co-incineration of sewage sludge in existing plants. The introduction of my thesis deals with a brief summary of a sludge management, sludge treatment methods and subsequent utilizations methods used for sledge disposal. Next chapter contains a calculation of calorific value, depending on the water content and volatile substances in dry solids of the sludge, it offers an overview of devices applicable for thermal processing of sludge and a description of the co-incineration in existing plants. The seventh chapter is devoted to the legislative parameters which influence the ways of dealing with sewage sludge. After the thermal treatment of sludge it is necessary to decontaminate flue gases of harmful substances resulting from incineration process, thus following there is a description of the most important devices used for its elimination or its reduction. My work ends with a search of methods dealing with the thermal sludge utilization in foreign countries.
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Application of activated carbon in flue gas treatment process
Navrátil, Petr ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to explain the problematic of flue gas treatment from the air pollutants mainly by methods using adsorption on activated carbon. There is an introduction to environmental protection, description of selected chemicals, charcoal and description of technologies to remove pollutants in municipal waste incinerators, and finally mention the possibilities of disposal or reuse of a saturated carbon. And finally selection of appropriate methods and design for a specific application.
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Brown Coal Power Plants in Czech Republic
Šperka, Radim ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
The thesis describes brown-coal power plants in the Czech Republic. The first part discusses brown coal as a mineral raw material, its mining in the Czech Republic, the impact of mining on the environment and ecological territorial limits.. The second part deals with the Thermo-dynamic working cycles in the power plant. Also deals with various technological parts of brown-coal power plant, including equipment and procedures for the cleaning of exhaust gases. The last part describes the most important individual brown-coal power plants in the Czech Republic, their brief history, the technical parameters and the planned service life.
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