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Intestinal transplantation on an experimental model.
Oliverius, Martin ; Adamec, Miloš (advisor) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee) ; Kala, Zdeněk (referee)
Intestinal transplantation represents a life-saving procedure for patients with an intestinal failure. An experiment on pigs was carried out during the preparation part of a clinical project in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the experiment was to successfully master the transplant surgery technique (i.e. small bowel harvesting, its preservation, followed by the transplantation). Another goal was to decide on the optimal immunosuppressive regime. Immunosuppression was based on tacrolimus monotherapy or its combination with sirolimus. A graft biopsy still remains the most reliable method for the diagnosis of an acute cellular rejection. In an attempt to find a suitable noninvasive humoral marker of the acute cellular rejection, we examined the correlation between plasma citrulin level and the acute rejection. The plasmatic level of proinflamatory and antiinflamatory cytokines was investigated as another potential marker of the rejection. We succeeded in standardizing the technique of intestinal transplantation. Connecting the graft to aorta and inferior vena cava is simpler and safer than connecting it to the portomesenteric vessel bed due to fewer subsequent complications. Both immunosuppressive regimes seem to be equally effective in preventing the acute cellular rejection. Histopathological...
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The importance of biosynthetic and catabolic pathway of cholesterol in inflammatory and tumor diseases
Leníček, Martin ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Mareček, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis focuses on the importance of intermediate products of biosynthetic and catabolic pathway of cholesterol. The aim of the first part of the thesis is mainly to investigate, whether statins (HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors) possess antitumor properties and to compare the differences in antitumor potential of individual statins. The other part of the thesis aims at the utilization of 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (C4), a promising marker of cholesterol 7α-monooxygenase (CYP7A1) activity and bile acid malabsorption. We demonstrated antitumor effect of statins on an experimental model of pancreatic cancer. Individual statins, however, differed significantly in their efficacy, depending on their physico-chemical properties. Our data suggests, that the most likely (but not the only) mechanism of antitumor effect of statins is decreased prenylation of signaling proteins, especially Ras protooncogene. We set up a reliable method for measurement of C4, which facilitated our research in CYP7A1 regulation. We demonstrated, that promoter polymorphism -203A>C might affect CYP7A1 activity, that diurnal variability of CYP7A1 activity might be triggered by insulin, and that insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease impedes the feedback regulation of CYP7A1, which may lead to disease...
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Characteristics of artistic expression in patients suffering from psychiatric illness
BAROŠOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis is about the development and characteristics in theart work of five people with psychotic illness in the period of three years. The cases were collected in the psychiatric ward at the hospital in Tábor. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part collects information about psychotic illnesses and a description of the therapeutic approach to the mentally ill. It also describes the visual artwork characteristics of psychotic individuals, the work with them and the efforts necessary from the art therapists' side. The practical part describes each patient. Observing the individual stories, approachesused in each case, their artwork, changes and progress in their development. There is a description of approaches used in the acute stage of the disease and after stabilization, the patients features in the artwork and the arttherapists influence.
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Experimental Small Bowel Transplantation
Kudla, Michal ; Adamec, Miloš (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee) ; Hejnal, Jiří (referee)
The small bowel transplantation (SBT) represents reasonable alternative to ultimate total parenteral nutrition of the patient suffering from terminal stage of chronic bowel failure. To date, the small bowel transplantation was not carried out in the Czech Republic. The initial experimental research and gaining experience with transplantations on animal models are inevitable before successful commencement of small bowel transplantation programme. In my dissertation thesis I am in full details describing the surgical technique of small bowel transplantation in rat. In comparison with the published data I have succeed to reach rather similar results of operating time and survival of the experimental animals. In the second part of my experiment I tried to influence the acute rejection of the small bowel graft occurrence by administration of cytostatic agent gemcitabin. The chosen dosage of the remedy did not suppress the rejection. In the third part I am describing the surgical technique of lymphatic vessels reconstruction in SBT rat model, which might lead to improvement of the SBT outcome. The last part of my dissertation thesis is preclinical. I am describing the initial experience with surgical technique of small bowel graft harvesting from cadaverous donor.
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Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
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Gene expression analysis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Vašíková, Alžběta ; Votavová, Hana (advisor) ; Neuwirtová, Radana (referee) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder affecting maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. MDS is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia in at least one lineage, and increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This disorder mostly affects the elderly, with the incidence of 10-50/100000 people per year. Heterogeneity of MDS is further underlined by the presence of both idiopathic primary and secondary therapy-related forms, which arise from accumulation of mutational events induced by cytotoxic therapy (exposure to alkylating agents or after therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors). In this thesis, we focused on determination of differential gene expression between MDS patients and control subjects using different microarray platforms. Using nylon membranes, we detected 4 genes (ERCC1, FLT1, NME4, PCNA) with increasing expression pattern in advanced MDS stages, which correlated with disease progression. Their strong up- regulation was also observed in patients with de novo AML, suggesting their involvement in the leukemic transformation of MDS. Comparison of gene expression profiles of early and advanced MDS obtained by Agilent microarrays resulted in the set of differentially expressed genes, which might...
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The influence od educational to maintenance of secondary prevention rules of myocardial infarction
ŠÍMOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the effects of educational plans on the compliance with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. The theoretical background covers atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and the educational process in nursing. Prior to elaborating the practical part of the thesis we had established two objectives. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. A qualitative form of research had been chosen for this thesis, semi-standardized interview in particular. The analysis of the data gained was subsequently carried out. Two objectives had been established in the thesis. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Through the analysis of the obtained data we found out that the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. Having compared the results we found out that the patients with an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention more consistently than the patients educated without an educational plan. The objectives of the thesis were met.
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The prognostic significance of molecular markers of acute myeloid leukemia on the outcome of allogeneie hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Karas, Michal ; Holubec, Luboš (advisor) ; Faber, Edgar (referee) ; Žák, Pavel (referee)
In this thesis entitled " The prognostic significance of molecular markers of acute myeloid leukemia on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation " the author deals with the following issues: 1. In the literature overview: the author characterizes the epidemiology, patogenesis, diagnostics, prognosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, focusing on evaluation of different prognostic markers in relation to the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia mainly using allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1. The methodological section characterizes the following: a) Groups of patients and methods of clinical evaluation in: Detailed characteristics of 60 patients with acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype and NPM1 gene mutations in complete remission who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on Haematology and oncology department of University Hospital Pilsen in the years 2005-2014. The evaluation of other parameters of the underlying disease, and a detailed description of transplant procedure (donor selection, the type of pre-transplantation preparation etc.) is also part of characteristics. b) The timing and method of sampling for evaluation of the level of minimal residual disease before transplantation. Description of the method for...
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Renal Biopsy in Diabetes, Comparison of Morphology and Clinical Symptoms
Kruntorád, Vít ; Rychlík, Ivan (advisor)
Diploma student work can bring many beneficial skills and useful knowledge. It mainly on him, how much is ready to put time, energy and creative potential. I managed to find the unique theme of work, I have also become a big challenge. The main motivation was Considering that the work has clear clinical meaning and perhaps even impact. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease significantly changing the current life of the patient. Good control and treatment disease requires patient discipline in lifestyle and respect of medical schemes. However, even with goodcompensation diabetes may progress and reduce the quality of life affected. This is mainly on chronic complications specific for this disease - that is affected eye, kidney and polyneuropatické. The theme of this work is just one the most serious chronic komlikací diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. We tried to map the situation of kidney damage in diabetics, its dependence on selected clinical parameters and some prognostic parameters. The information that we have collected will be further used in the project of the Czech Society of Nephrology (CNS) within the Czech registry of renal biopsy (CRRB) - Renal biopsy in diabetic patients, survey results in 1999-2003, which isfinancially fully backed by the CNS. Is the exclusive property of CRRB CNS, the...
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