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USER HABITS METAMPHETAMINE USERS
Plaček, Jan ; Minařík, Jakub (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie ID studijního oboru: B5345 Jan Plaček Uživatelské zvyklosti uživatele pervitinu User habits of methamphetamine addicts Bakalářská práce Vedoucí závěrečné práce: MUDr. Jakub Minařík Praha 2016 2 Summary The author sets "to map user's habits (frequency and dose) of methamphetamine users, including such addictive substances combined with the primary addictive substance" as aim of this work. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical (Chapter 1) and practical (Chapter 3 - 6). The theoretical part explores methamphetamine - what is it, history, effects, number of users. The second part consists of interviews with eight users of methamphetamine. The author demonstrates common habits of methamphetamine users. It is very difficult, because there are many factors affecting frequency and dose of users. Many of that factors are not entirely predictable. Keywords methamphetamine, drug, dose, frequency, combination
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The purity of illicit drugs (methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine) in Czech Republic
Limpouchová, Markéta ; Vopravil, Jiří (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee) ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals with the purity of the illegal drugs methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin, and its implications in a broader context. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part provides background information about the abovementioned illegal drugs. In addition to basic information about these illegal drugs the thesis contains information about the distribution and seizures of illicit drugs in the Czech Republic and is engaged in the field of international illicit drug market in terms of the wholesale level. Furthermore the work deals with the purity of illegal drugs itself and the substances which are illegal drugs (methamphetamine, heroin, cocaine) cut by (substances that are added to illegal drugs with different motivations, mainly economic ones). Other part of the thesis is a balance sheet by Broséus, J. Gentile, N., Esseiva, P. (2015) over the usefulness and utilization of the system for collecting data on drug markets at national and international level. The last topic of this section are methods of analysis of the illicit drugs. The practical part focuses on three areas. The first aim of this study is a secondary analysis of seizures and the purity of the most frequently used adulterated illegal drugs the Czech Republic in...
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Authorship as an effective factor in the stories of methamphetamine users
Krejčí, Josef ; Chrz, Vladimír (advisor) ; Onder, Jakub (referee)
Title: Authorship as an effective factor in the stories of methamphetamine users. Abstract: Submitted thesis tries to show experience of ex-users of drugs (mainly methamphetamine) thru narrative interview. Period of drug using is shown as a part of life, which led to specific changes in life of these people. Thru focusing on these subjective changes author tries to take into account factors and situations leading to quit the drug using. Four interviews (3 male, 1 female) are analyzed thru qualitative approach. This constructs two models. First is schematic model of generalized scenario, which emphasize similarities across interviewed sample. Second is model of authorship attitude, which is, according to analyzed data, accounted for central and effective factor. At the end, author tries to contextualize results according to related research literature. Author also contemplate on future data collection and conversion of research design into longitudinal. Keywords: methamphetamine, authorship, responsibility, narrative approach
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Recent Findings on the Pharmacotherapy of Methamphetamine Dependence: Potentially Suitable Substances for Methamphetamine Substitution
Oktábec, Zbyněk ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Minařík, Jakub (referee)
Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine Study programme: Specialization in Health Care Branch of Study: Addictology PharmDr. Zbyněk Oktábec, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Recent Findings on the Pharmacotherapy of Methamphetamine Dependence: Potentially Suitable Substances for Methamphetamine Substitution Bachelor's Thesis Advisor: Mgr. Roman Gabrhelík, Ph.D. Prague, 2014 Abstract Methamphetamine has long been a lead drug of abuse among problem drug users on the Czech drug scene. At the moment, there is no worldwide effective pharmacological treatment of addiction on the methamphetamine/amphetamine-like substances. There have been found substances, with the greater or lesser success, from different ATC groups as well as some new substances, which some patients/clients could profit from. Nevertheless we still fail to find a widely effective pharmacotherapy of methamphetamine dependence, which would be efficacious and broadly applicable, i.e. as the substances in the treatment of opioid dependence. This work aims to present current information on substitution and/or craving reduction therapy in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. This paper has the character of a research/review work and uses up-to-date data, not only in published articles and in the primary literature, but in ongoing clinical trials...
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Methamphetamine use among clients visiting the contact centers in Prague.
Provazníková, Radka ; Reichelová, Lenka (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
AIMS: The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to describe drug-using related behavior patterns of clients of low-treshold facilities in Prague. The thesis is particularly focused on the methamphetamine users. SAMPLE GROUP: The sample group included 58 clients of three Prague contact centers (Sananim, Progressive and Drop-In). The main criteria of inclusion in the sample were the following: the subject visited at least one of the three contact centers in the period during which the study was conducted and they described themselves as mostly-methamphetamine users. Furthermore, clients who did not meet the EMCDDA definition of problem drug use were excluded. METHODS: Anonymous structured questionnaire was used in the survey. The questionnaire was designed solely for the purpose of this survey and the resulting dataset was analyzed by the means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to our results, most of problem methamphetamine users, who visit contact centers in Prague, use the drug regularly several times a week. The amount of the drug consumed by a typical problem methamphetamine user seems to be independent of the day of the week and time of the day. An average drug dose is approximately 0,29 grams and the average number of daily doses is two or three. Right before taking...
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Mapping and description of treatment interventions in Apolinar treatment facility with focus on metamphetamine users
Hetzerová, Lucie ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to map the treatment interventions with woman ward block of the Clinic of addictology - Apolinář, with the focus on users of methamphetamine. The topic of this work was chosen based on the absence of researches with this issue. Literature dealing with this issue in our country is unfortunately sporadic and therefore based on the general literature on this topic. The representative number of patients with methamphetamine addiction wasn't ensured during the research. The permission by the Ethical Committee would be needed as well. Due to the time limitation the most effective way was to choose the employees of the Clinic of addictology - Apolinar, who have experience with these patients. The final research had 5 respondents. The research included the interviews with the employees and was supported also by analysis of documentation and observation of researcher during her internship. Based on the research it was found that methamphetamine-dependent patients are young, immature, creative and impulsive, with external motivation and dissocial behavior. These are mostly patients who have developed basic structures and patterns of life. Methamphetamine- dependent patients can also be aggressive, destructive and ruthless. They do not know the rules of proper conduct or common...
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Easily accessible poisons and crime in Czech republic
PILAŘ, Michal
Based on the study of available literature in this thesis are defined easily accessible poisons, which are carbofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine. The thesis is further defined by crime, with those readily available poisons committed on the territory of the Czech Republic. Defined easily accessible poisons were also associated with a particular crime that is committed to them and based on statistical outputs of the Czech Police and the National Drug Headquarters of the Police of the Czech Republic was conducted statistical research that is readily available to these poisons committing a crime on the territory of the Czech Republic, and whether there are differences in crime rates between different regions of the Czech Republic. The second part describes the methodology of work and research questions. The third part consists of the results which graphically compares crime committed with easily accessible poisons. The final part consists of discussions, where they are analyzed the achievements of work. To achieve the objectives in this work used data collection methods, analytical, mathematical and graphical. While writing this thesis I first considered studying literature in easily accessible poisons and study applicable laws, which serve as the legal basis for the definition of crimes. When I was writing a thesis based on research questions: They are easily accessible poisons available in the Czech Republic? There in the CR crime committed using readily available poisons? There are differences between individual regions in the Czech Republic? These research questions were answered by meeting our goals, namely the Czech Republic are readily available poisons available with them commit crime in the crimes committed there are differences between individual regions.
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Methamphetamine users and stress
FILIPOVÁ, Zuzana
The diploma thesis called "Stress among Methamphetamine Users" focuses on the phenomenon of stress in general, but especially on the strategies of coping with stressful situations. These so-called coping strategies are given great attention in contemporary research. The thesis inquires into the development of the Czech drug scene and particularly focuses on methamphetamine as a typical "Czech drug". It describes the period of methamphetamine early expansion in the Czech drug scene, the subsequent period of radical intervention of justice and police into the resulting socially unbearable situation, and the recent respective state of affairs. It also deals with the risks associated with the use of methamphetamine and the various forms of its application. In this respect it logically gives attention to the issue of drug addiction in general and the methamphetamine addiction in particular. An indispensable part of the thesis is a description of the phenomenon of stress according to selected distinguished experts in this area Paulík (2010), Baštecká (2009) a Joshi (2007). The initial discussion of specifically defined and operationalized stress is followed by a discussion of coping in general. First, the emergence of coping is discussed. The theoretical section provides definitions of various scientifically developed coping strategies and deals with the situation around the SVF 78 instrument as well as with the stress coping strategies and the phenomenon of stress itself. The section discusses different coping strategies and identifies their respective pitfalls as well as their influence on people from the holistic model viewpoint. The theoretical section is concluded with the topic of social work with drug addicts and its basic pillars. Describes the aims, research questions and hypotheses of the thesis. Two aims were selected for the thesis: "to find out which coping strategies are used by methamphetamine users" and "to find out how coping strategies change over a prolonged period of methamphetamine use". Three research questions and four associated hypotheses were formulated on the basis of these aims. The hypotheses are operationalized in this chapter. The methodological section discusses the SVF 78 instrument which was used to gather data from drug addicted respondents. The data were gathered in contact centres in South Bohemia via quantitative strategy of data gathering. Next, the research sample consisting of 50 respondents and the ethical aspects of the research are described. An indispensable part of the section is also a description of the statistical methods used for data evaluation. Next chapter, called "Results", describes the research sample with respect to respondents' sex, with the actual ratio being 54 percent of female respondents and 46 percent of male respondents. The respondents' age is described here as well together with an average age, median and standard deviations. Another thing mentioned is respondents' time period of methamphetamine use and their highest achieved education. The discussion section focuses on obtained results and their comparison with actual researches. Despite very interesting results it is necessary to assert that none of the hypotheses was statistically verified. However, analysis of similar studies leads us to a discovery of an analogous problem. The most interesting study in this regards appears to be Konopka et al. (2013) which found no significant differences in coping strategies adopted by benzodiazepine users. In spite of this it is possible to point at frequency differences which were found among methamphetamine users. They were found in particular with respect to the relation between negative coping strategies ratio and period time of methamphetamine use, where negative coping strategies were preferred by respondents using methamphetamine for more than 11 years etc. The concluding section summarizes the research results and reflects on the aims of the thesis.
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Drugs and activities that could cause danger to life, health or damage to property
HANDSCHUHOVÁ, Silvie
The objective of this thesis is to summarize the effects of drugs, especially of the cannabinoids and amphetamine type stimulants, and to analyse which of these substances leads to high-risk activities, that could endanger life, health or result in damage to property. One of these activities, an important one, is driving under the influence of drugs. Driving itself is a complex demand, involving perception, decision making, psychomotor skills, knowledge, as well as attitudes and personality characteristics. Substance use and abuse has an impact on the functioning of the brain and mental processes and therefore on the performance of the driving task. Driving under the influence of drugs is a high risk activity which endangers not only the driver but also their surroundings. In the last few years, the Czech Republic registered a rapid increase in the number of impaired drivers, namely at police check points and in car accidents. The young drivers are mostly under influence of marijuana, respectively tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Its negative effect on driving results from impaired co-ordination, slowed complex reaction time and in space and time distortion. The second group of drugs which can impair drivers is amphetamine type stimulants. Amphetamines are frequently sought by truck drivers, especially long-haul drivers, in Western Europe for its stimulative effects. In the Czech Republic the methamphetamine, Pervitin, is much more common. Intoxication is characterized by increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, increased respiration, rapid heart rate and an irregular heartbeat. The risk factors for driving are a lack of concentration and an overestimation of one{\crq}s own capabilities. After the acute phase of intoxication subsides, fatigue or states of narcolepsy may occur. Another amphetamine-based drug is methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA or Ecstasy. This synthetic substance, chemically related to mescaline, is dangerous due to its ability to regulate body temperature. On rare but unpredictable occasions, this can lead to sharp hyperthermia, resulting in liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure, and death. It can also cause hallucinations. All common drugs are easily detectable with ``drug test-cards{\crqq}, which are used during police checks around the the world. The Czech Republic is currently testing their utilization and is preparing legislation accordingly. Utilization of these tests during random checks could help to decrease the number of fatal road accidents and could help to decrease the number of impaired drivers on the roads.
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Abuse of ecstasy in South Bohemia region and possibilities of prevention
POLÁK, Robert
Ecstasy, MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymetamfetamin) is a synthetic, psychoactive substance, chemically similar to stimulant methamphetamine and hallucinogenic mescaline. MDMA is active primarily on neurons in the brain. For the communication with other neurons, neurons are using serotonin. Serotonin system plays a significant role in regulation of mood, aggressiveness, sleep and pain sensitivity. In high dosage MDMA disturbs the ability of the body to regulate body temperature. This may lead to fast increase in body temperature (hyperthermia). Ecstasy is generally considered to be a rather safe drug, although a number of physical as well as psychiatrical consecutive health problems have occurred. Specific mechanisms of MDMA toxicity have still not been fully clarified; however, it is obvious that these cannot be attributed only to MDMA over dosage or the use of impure tablets (i.e. e. toxicity cannot be ascribed plainly to admixture in tablets).
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