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Healthy aging in the context of nursing care
RADOVÁ, Ludmila
Healthy Ageing Programme is a concept which should have a significant influence on every resident in the countries where population median age has been quickly increasing. This topic of healthy ageing is the key issue of the given Master´s Diploma Thesis. At the present, our country is involved not only in several smaller-scale regional programmes focused on lives of seniors but also in the events of European importance. If we want to provide our seniors with a quality life in all aspects, it is necessary to encourage promoting Healthy Ageing Programme. The wide scope of activity is thus open, especially for nurses. The first objective develops the approach of seniors in the selected health-care facilities to healthy ageing. The second objective introduces the approach of a client before retirement age to the healthy ageing principles. Finally, the third objective specifies the role of general practice nurses in their support of clients before retirement age in their healthy ageing. Research questions included the following issues: the approach of a client at the age before retirement to the healthy ageing principles and the role of a general practice nurse and her support of the abovementioned clients. The given research also develops one hypothesis regarding the fact that personal objectives will change depending on barriers.Both qualitative and quantitative research was used in the given Diploma Thesis. An in-depth interview was conducted during the survey. Additional information was obtained on the basis of an opinion poll. Two research groups were used for the interview: the first one consisted of 11 respondents from the general practitioner´s outpation departments, the second research group consisted of 6 nurses working for the aforementioned departments. The total number of 150 respondents from the designated health-care facilities was selected for the survey during which they were answering the research questions. As a result, a large number of useful information was obtained. The clients' approach can be divided into several groups: leisure activities, education, workload, prevention and medical examinations, regimen, community nursing care, healthy ageing. The key roles of a nurse should take into consideration the following aspects: healthy ageing from the nurse´s point of view, prevention and geriatric nurse at the outpatient department, community nursing care, health support of the patients provided by a nurse. Information obtained from the interviews were interconnected and often corresponded with each other. Research questions are also followed by the given results. A nurse has a significant role in the area of education, provision of necessary information to the clients, promotion of prevention programmes informing the clients about the solution to their problems. The motivation of clients before retirement age is also crucial because it is at this age when people can influence their life, its length and quality. The survey also observes the general perception of people of an old age and changes in their point of view with age. The information collected from this survey may be also used in different studies in order to improve both quality of nursing care and motivation of the clients before their retirement.
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Incidence of Alcoholism of the University Students
LYSÁ, Tereza
My bachelor thesis deals with abusing alcohol by university students. It mainly tracks the impact of alcohol on student lifestyle, on behavior acompaining its use and how it affects students attending different specialisations. The thesis consists of two parts. Comparison of opinions on addictions, alcohol and youth lifestyle questions based on available literature research and sources research is put across in the first, theoretical, part. In second, practital, part I treat with field research plan and targets and interpretation of acquired outcomes. Survey was realized between april 2010 ? february 2011.
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State-Nation, Collective Memory and Nationalism (State of Research and the Possibilities of its Development)
Olšáková, Doubravka
Paper is treating the problems of relations between State-Nation and collective memory. The first part gives a systematic review of theories of nacionalism and the State-Nation theories (E. Gellner, K. W. Deutsch, P. Brass, B. Anderson, etc.), the second part submits a brief characteristic of collective memory according to Maurice Halbwachs and his works. In the last part of text the collective memories and its formative relations to the State-Nation are analyzed by the help of school-books, the State-Nation army formation, the commemorations, etc. A special attention is paid to France and Germany.
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Alcohol addiction and it's therapy - protecting and debilitating factors
Marková, Nikola ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Goldmann, Petr (referee)
TITTLE: Alcohol addiction and it's therapy- protecting and debilitating factors SUMMARY: Alcohol is the most wide-spread socially tolerable drugs in our society. The reasons why the amount of addicted people is still increasing could be almost anything. A fact is that specialized care in the case of alcohol addiction is more and more searched by women and even teengers. The goal of this project is to choose concrete factors, which lead man to extent of addiction and also those factors that support man durring a therapy. Protecting factors during therapy are presented in the connection with "meaning of life" according to the psychotherapeutic approach logotherapy. The main theme of this project is "Alcohol addiction and it's therapy- protecting and debilitating factors". This project is divided to theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical framework consist of problems of alcohol addiction, primary protecting and debilitating factors in addiction and therapy according to the literature and Viktor Emil Frankl's logotherapy with special emphasis to the "meaning of life". The empirical part consists of qualitative research data. They were collected during semi- structured interviews with patients treated for alcohol addiction in Psychiatric medical institution- Bohnice. The concrete protecting and...
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Analysis of Natural Opium Abusing ? Questionnare study.
Šindlerová, Markéta ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee) ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor)
My thesis concerns the problems with the natural opium abuse in the population of problematic users within the area of Ostrava. The results were gained with questionnaires filled out by clients of Contact Center (CC) Renarkon in Ostrava and by clients who exploit the fieldwork programmes of CC Renarkon in area of Ostrava and Nový Jičín. It was collected forty-eight results of clients. On the basis of these results, I found out that the opium was used by people at the age of 19-38 years, more than half of them were men (85,4 per cent), the rest was women (14,6 per cent ). Almost a half of respondents (45,8 per cent) lived with parents. One third of clients have reached basic education, 35,4 per cent clients have technical education without the school-leaving exam. Almost 35,0 per cent of clients were unemployed. More than half of all the clients (54,2 per cent) were examined for hepatitis with negative results. The half of all clients (54,2 per cent) were tested for HIV with negative results in all the cases. The number of the clients who had been treated for addiction before was 12,5 per cent, now it was only one client. The first illegal drug taken by 91,7 per cent of all the clients was THC and they took it when their average age was approximately 13,8 years. That drug was regarded by 43,8 per...
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Georges Feydeau: The lady from Maxim's. A comparative analysis and review of translations into Czech
Matějková, Vladimíra ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
In its theoretical part the present thesis treated the theatrical genre of French farce and described its position and rank in the structure of the Theatre of the Boulevard at the end of the 19t h century. Apart from a short introduction to its history, main dramatists and their key plays are presented, as well as some crucial dramatic techniques and their evolution during the 20t h century. Considering the fact that the main object of the study was a work of one of the most important farce representatives, the thesis focused on the conditions of creating plays and on their reception during the famous Belle Epoque. Another aim was to define first translations and adaptations of vaudevillian farces into Czech with reference to the actual development of the language and the situation on stages at the end of the 19t h and at the beginning of the 20t h century. Besides portraying the background and conditions of the audience's warm reception, the work also briefly introduced the Czech theatres in which this genre was staged, and marked its place among other theatrical genres, taking also into consideration the period in which the Czech translations were made. The heart of the thesis is the personality and the work of French dramatist Georges Feydeau (1863-1921). After having described his life and work,...
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Delirium Tremens Patient in Intensive Care.
ŽÁKOVÁ, Magdaléna
This bachelor thesis concerns with problematics of nursing care with patients in the Intensive Care Units. Delirium tremens is the most serious stadium of alcoholic withdrawal syndrome and it starts when alcoholics stop drinking alcohol. This state is life endangering and it is necessary to hospitalize the patients in the Intensive Care Units or in the Anesthesiology Resuscitational. Nurses are supposed to know their competence, specific activities and interventions, which leads to the prevention of starting the complications. In case of some complications they should know the solution. There is a term "intensive medicine" explained at the beginning of this thesis. The problematic of alcohol addiction, characteristics of the patient with delirium all the specifics of nursery care included are given in the biggest part of this work. There is a part about delirium tremens, where all the causes of start, symptoms, demarcation of the patients' problems with nursery care and recommendations for medical measures. There is some more part where the clinical statuses connected with delirium are described. The problematic of patient's physical limits is summarized in another part of the bachelor thesis. Patients' consciousness and impairment of consciousness are described at the end of the thesis. I set up two targets: Target 1: To find out, what problems the nurses meet at their work during treatments of patients with delirium tremens. Target 2: To chart nursery care specifics for patients with delirium tremens. There were two questions asked. The first question: What problematics nurses deal with during patients with delirium tremens treatment? Question 2: What are the specifics of delirium tremens nursery care? In the empiric part of this thesis, a qualitative research was used. The semi structured dialogue and patient's casuistry with delirium tremens diagnoses hospitalized in the Anesthesiology Resuscitational Unit. The dialogue was guided by nurses working in the Intensive Care Units and in the Anesthesiology Resuscitational Unit in the hospital Tábor a. s. These nurses were chosen on purpose and they had to fulfill the common intensive care conditions. They also treated a patient with delirium tremens. Every nurse got a number which she got according Authentication method of coding. Then I numbered all the lines, where the nurses' answers were listed and on which I referred later to. The important information in the dialogue (on the basis of them were codes created) were highlighted via the "Paper and Pencils" method. Technology showdown led to creating four categories, which were enhanced by subcategories. Both of the questions were answered using the research. Nurses cited the characteristics of a patient with delirium tremens and problematics parts in their treatment. They showed the knowledge in hazardous fields and in prevention as well as in complication solving. The research shows that the nurses in intensive care are focused on the satisfaction the basic physiological needs. The nurses showed their orientation in nursery care and in the interventions in the patients' care. They also proved they know the specifics, which are connected to the patients' physical limit. On the basic of the analysis were found, that nurses have problems with some activities, which could be removed by the sufficiency of this problematics information. An Interdisciplinary seminar about the patient with delirium tremens in the Intensive Care Unit problematics, which you can find attached to the thesis, is the practical output of my bachelor thesis. (Attachment no 6).
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Diabetes mellitus I - Diabetes mellitus - selected aspects of atherogenesis
Kwiczalová, Krystyna ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this dissertation was to compare the efficiency of an insulin pump and an intensified insulin regime on atherosclerosis markers - especially the lipid spectrum in patients with diabetes mellitus. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is an illness developing in an increasing number of persons. The aim of diabetes mellitus type 1 treatment is to compensate the symptoms of this pathology in an effort to postpone or reduce the complications of the illness. In diabetes patients, complications connected with atherosclerosis are very common. These consequences of diabetes become the most common cause of death of patients. The insulin pump and the intensified insulin regime are strategies with the help of which doctors attempt to influence the development of complications associated with diabetes. The choice between these two procedures is still under heated discussion. METHODS: At work we compared 50 patients treated with the insulin pump and 50 who had an intensified insulin regime. We compared the lipid spectrum, glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI, number of insulin units per day, and complications in both groups. We also studied the connection between this illness and diseases of the thyroid gland, or smoking. We compared the possible differences based on gender. MAIN FINDINGS: We did...
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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Laboratory determination of bone markers in the course of osteoporosis
Moučková, Štěpánka ; Kotaška, Karel (referee) ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor)
1 Abstrakt Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Štěpánka Moučková Supervisor: ing. Marta Pechová Title of bachelor thesis: Laboratory determination of bone markers in osteoporosis The aim of this study is to compare preliminary values of bone formation and resorption markers in newly diagnosed osteoporotic patients with values after their treatment. We compared the serum levels of N-MID osteocalcin and aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) as markers for bone formation, and serum carboxyterminal telopeptide (β-CTx) as a marker of bone resorption. Data were collected from 66 patients - 60 women (47 postmenopausal and 13 premenopausal) and 6 men. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to age and applied treatment. Analysis of individual markers was performed using Roche Cobas e411 immunochemical analyzer. Simultaneously were measured serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D3, kalcium (TCa) and parathyrin. Results show that patients treated with bisphosphonates have a significant change in markers of bone turnover, while in patients without proven osteoporosis the levels of bone markers remain unchanged after the supplementation of vitamin D and calcium. Values of vitamin D without supplementation are often below the...
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