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Role of opinion former in Marketing communication
SPRINGEROVÁ, Nikol
This thesis is based on role of opinion former in marketing communication. For this work is chosen professional sphere, concretely the work of dentists in Benešov city. In theoretical part of this thesis are explained terms related with this theme. In practical part is analyzed a current state of view of dentist and public by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Goal of this thesis is draft recomandation of changes in marketing communication together with using a view of opinion former, which should lead to improve this communication.
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Distribution of CD46 and β1 integrin molecules with respect to different membrane structures of the sperm head
Šebková, Nataša ; Frolíková, Michaela ; Děd, Lukáš ; Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
CD46 protein plays an important role during fertilization and its role is associated with acrosome stability. CD46 is probably involved in signalling pathways triggering the acrosome reaction (AR). It also associates through membrane integrins with specific MAP kinases involved in the AR. Our aim was to monitor the dynamics of relocation of CD46 and β1 integrin during sperm maturation and its preparation for the fertilization. The dependence of this localization changes on the dynamic of actin cytoskeleton was studied. Our results show the changes in the localization of these proteins associated with the AR and their co-localization was observed using proximity ligation assay. After the AR CD46 and β1 integrin spreads across the sperm head, entering the post-acrosomal compartment, and permeates the borders of different domains. It was shown previously that actin dynamics is necessary for acrosome reaction-associated translocation of Izumo1 protein that is required for sperm-egg fusion. Therefore Latrunculin A was used during sperm incubation. The co-incubation of capacitated sperm with Latrunculin A leads to a decrease of the percentages of sperm, which express relocation pattern after induced AR. 3D models and visualizations of potential membrane processes responsible for the relocation of proteins from the acrosomal area to the other compartments of the sperm head were prepared. Our results deliver new information that proteins CD46 and β1 integrin undergo dynamic relocation towards the sites of sperm-egg fusion during the AR in vitro. The inhibitor of actin dynamics abrogates significantly the AR-associated changes in proteins localization. We speculate that this relocation is of importance for the successful sperm-egg interaction, adhesion and subsequent gamete fusion.
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Expression of selected proteins in sperm in men with normal and pathological spermiograms using monoclonal antibodies
Pěknicová, Jana ; Čapková, Jana ; Dorosh, Andriy ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Kubátová, Alena ; Děd, Lukáš
Recent studies show that infertility in human populations it affects an estimated 15% of couples of reproductive age. Male infertility is the primary cause for 60% of these cases. For these reasons, we analyzed the acrosomal and sperm surface proteins in men with normal and pathological spermiograms. We found that intra-acrosome proteins: TERA (Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase), GAPDHS (Sperm Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and PRKAR2A (C-AMP-dependent protein kinase II, PRKAR2A), which can be identified using our monoclonal antibodies, are different express in healthy men and men with astenozoospermia (with reduced sperm motility), and with a significantly reduced expression in the astenozoospermia. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism and apoptosis of the cells, and some of them in the sperm-egg interaction; therefore, they have an important role in reproduction. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of surface proteins (Appolipoprotein J (Clusterin) and Semenogelin). Our findings show that astenozoospermia as a complex disorder of the semen is often combined with other pathological conditions that are not diagnosed by the semen analysis. Therefore monoclonal antibodies are so suitable instrument for the detection of proteins associated with the pathology of the sperm in the semen with low sperm motility. In general, monoclonal antibodies against the sperm proteins are an appropriate tool to detect sperm quality in reproductive medicine.
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Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in testicular cells and sperm
Dostálová, Pavla ; Žatecká, Eva ; Děd, Lukáš ; Dorosh, Andriy ; Postlerová, Pavla ; Jonáková, Věra ; Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina ; Pěknicová, Jana
Estrogen is a steroid hormone that plays an important role during sperm development in the male and female reproductive tract. Estrogen signalling is a complex process that depends on cell milieu and presence of receptors. Thanks to the steroid nature of estrogens, they can pass through the plasmatic membrane and bind to the intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs). Within the cell, there are several pools of ERs. One of them is localized to the cell nucleus and their activation leads to direct or indirect binding to DNA and ultimately to alternation in gene expression (genomic pathway). Other pools of ERs are associated with plasma membrane or are located in cytosol. Activation of membrane associated ERs leads to rapid non-genomic responses. Nowadays, two classical estrogen receptors are known – ERα and ERβ. Since ERβ is a predominant variant in testes, we focused our study on expression of ERβ variants in murine testes and sperm. We detected two variants of ERβ at mRNA level in both, testes and sperm. These variants differ in 54 nucleotids within the ligand binding domain and this variability results in different affinity to estrogen. We analyzed individual testicular cell types (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells) by RT-qPCR. Our results suggest that both ERβ variants are coexpressed in the same cell type and may therefore interact together. This may have consequences in mediating of estrogen signalling. Moreover, ERβ is expressed more in the later stages of spermatogenesis suggesting the role of ERβ in these stages or alternatively in spermatozoa alone. At the protein level, we detected ERβ in nuclear, membrane and cytosolic fraction prepared from testicular tissue suggesting the involvement of both, genomic and non-genomic, pathways of estrogen signaling in testes. In sperm, anti-ERβ antibodies localized ERβ in acrosome region and tail which is in accordance with the known role of estrogen on capacitation, acrosome reaction and motility.
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CD46 and β1integrin interaction in mouse sperm head
Šebková, Nataša ; Frolíková, Michaela ; Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
CD46 protein plays an important role during fertilization and its role is associated with acrosome stability. CD46 is probably involved in signalling pathways triggering the acrosome reaction. Integrins interact with many cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, therefore changes in the actin cytoskeleton before and after AR may lead to changes in the association and localization of CD46 and β1integrin. Our aim was to monitor mutual CD46 and β1integrin interaction detected by the proximity ligation assay. It generates a localized signal in a form of spots revealing the exact position of the recognition event. Proteins interaction was study in freshly released sperm and sperm during the acrosome reaction, during which there is a gradual relocation of these proteins towards the equatorial segment and the whole sperm head. Proteins α and β tubulin were used as a positive control, α tubulin and β1 integrin as a negative control. In situ PLA showed a distinct spotted signal indicating the mutual interaction of CD46 and β1integrin. A positive response was demonstrated not only in freshly released sperm but also in sperm during the acrosome reaction. Freshly released sperm were distinctively labelled in the acrosome region and the neck, similarly to the positive control. Sperm during the acrosome reaction showed the signal across the whole sperm head region. No signal or sporadic nonspecific staining was detected in the case of the negative control. In summary, our results deliver new information that proteins CD46 and β1 integrin interact with each other. These results suppose the theory that β1 integrin can mediate a connection between CD46 and sperm cytoskeleton thereby molecules of signalling pathways leading to activation of the acrosome reaction.
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Fluorescent analysis of the differential protein expression in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic sperm samples
Děd, Lukáš ; Čapková, Jana ; Kubátová, Alena ; Teplá, O. ; Pěknicová, Jana
Asthenozoospermia is one of the main seminal pathologies underlying male infertility. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated the significant differences in the protein profiles between normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic sperm samples. Since these studies were primarily focused on the identification of differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry, we aimed to evaluate the ability of our diagnostic antibodies to detect the differential expression of selected protein markers by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Therefore, we analyzed sperm samples from 30 men with normal and 30 men with astheno spermiograms, average by the panel of our diagnostic anti-human sperm (Hs) antibodies. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis revealed quantitative differences in the protein abundances between normo and astheno sperm samples, namely, in GAPDHs, evaluated with Hs-8 MoAb, VCP, evaluated with Hs-14 MoAb, and ATP synthase, evaluated with MoAb Hs-36. From the methodological point of view, we observed very high correlation between the data obtained by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry techniques and therefore both methods are useful for evaluation of protein differences associated with asthenozoospermia. From the clinical point of view, we observed the strong association of the low sperm motility in the sample with the expression of proteins, playing an important role in sperm energy metabolism (expected), but also with the expression of all tested intra-acrosomal proteins. These findings further demonstrate asthenozoospermia as a complex semen disorder frequently associated with other semen pathologies, which are not diagnosed by basic semen analysis, and the possibility to use monoclonal antibodies as a tool for diagnosis of protein associated sperm pathologies in the semen with the low sperm motility.
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Role and competences of the nurse in compared with Czech Republic and Namibia
KLYNCYPAROVÁ, Hana
Theoretical grounds The nursing profession among the professions and mission. Job nurse is one of very important professions. Nurse is an independent worker who has an irreplaceable role in the provision of care. In practice, certain roles, such as the role of a caregiver, the educationalist, communicator, the role of the lawyer, consultant, person, who brings the change, manager and researcher. These roles are constantly interacting and are interconnected. Health care has multidisciplinary and multiprofessional character. Although each of these professions contribute to care in a unique way, all share certain skills that are necessary to ensure the quality of care. Over the years there have been increasing professional skills and increase competencies. Expanded the range of services for which they previously did not have the competence or sisters had a written authorization of a doctor. This work is made up of theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part provides an overview and information on the field of nursing and its history, dealing with the care system and education system in the Czech Republic and Namibia. The following list of findings roles and their importance in the nursing profession. The last part deals with the competencies of nurses in both countries. The aim of the thesis: The aim of the study was to determine the roles and responsibilities of nurses in the Czech Republic and Namibia. To to obtain this information were chosen research question what role nurses advocate in the Czech Republic and Namibia, and what are nurses in the Czech Republic and Namibia competence. Methods: To ensure the necessary data and information was chosen qualitative research through deep interviews. Nurses who were interviewed were from a hospital in the Czech Republic and nurses from hospitals in Namibia Keetmanshoop. All interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone andwritten down on the paper. Results: Recorded interviews were analyzed after writing down, we were using paper and pencil methods. Dialogs were openly coded. The analysis of these data arose following categories: the role of caregivers, the role of the teacher, communicator, the lawyer's role, the role of counselor, role of person who brings the change, the role of leader, manager's role, the role of researcher and categories of competence. Individual categories were assigned to subcategories. All informationwere are illustrated by clear diagrams of the individual categories. Conclusion: The Research shows that nurses have a general maintenance of the roles and competencies, actually both of sides, Namibia and Czech Republic also. both groups were mostly able to define roles in nursing care. Surprisingly czech nurses most failed in the role of the Advocate, while African colleague have proven to be very informed. Research also showed negative effect of paperwork and administration in czech system. Nurses having feeling they do not provide active care as they would be able to. Czech nurses seems also low initiative and ambitious, Czech nurses do not desire for increasing competence on the other hand African nurses, who have more competencies, want still more, than they already have.
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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Effect of a graduate of field of study Special Education - tutorship in practice of providers of social care
SALABOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. First one deals with the helping professions generally, their definitions and definition of the Special education - Tutorship branch of study per se.It also briefly touches the subject of readiness of the future graduates to deal effectivelly with the challenges of a career in the field of social services. Chapter number two is called Special education and it defines the subject of special education itself, it's purpose and inner structure. Third chapter focuses on social services. It brings up it's definition and types and forms of social services.It also contains the examples of the institutions which fall into this category and it's providers. Chapter number four, which happens to be the last one in the theoretical part of the thesis, covers the role and purpose of graduates of the special education - tutorship studies. It brings up the definition of a social worker, necessary prerequisites as well as beneficial personality traits and feautures. In a subchapter of chapter four is a short description of a pedagogue tutor. Definition who he actually is, who are proper candidates for this position, what are desired personality traits we look for in tutors and the actual content and purpose of their work in institutions providing social services. The end of chapter four is dedicated to a position of a social worker. His activities, the position and definition of a personal assistant and again personality traits needed for a successful career in this field. The objective of the practical part of the thesis is to describe working of Special education - tutorship studies graduates in practice. Particularly their experiences "from the field", how do they evaluate the level of skill of fresh graduates during their first encounters with the reality, how satisfied are they with their choice of a career so far and what was their motivation to pursue such career. Practical part of the thesis includes qualitative research. To meet the above objectives, data collection technique had been chosen using a structured interview with the respondents, who were graduates of Special education tutorship studies. You can tell by the results of this thesis that graduates in the field of social services apply mostly to lower positions as a social service workers, even though they are qualified to perform as a social workers. The age of clients with whom the respondents work ranges from childhood to senior. The motivation that led those questioned respondents to the decision to choose the area of social services varies. Some reported that they were influenced by the actual practical experience during their studies at the university, when both the work itself and their enthusiasm for the target group played role. Others expressed they had previous experience working with people with disabilities or they just wanted to acquire new experiences. Also, involvement of a family member and their previous education was a motivation. Job satisfaction is evident from observed data, and it also contributes to work done accurately and responsibly. Personal benefits for the respondents according to findings are usually their usefulness at work, new experiences they are getting and last but not least advances of their clients. As the biggest advantage the respondents usually mention variability of their work, target group and the clients in itself and the fact, that their work is highly satisfying and they basically work in a very pleasant team of individuals. On the other hand, not exactly satisfying financial reward and challenging working hours are mentioned as disadvantages. Special education - tutorship studies - the branch they've studied, is by the majority of respondents considered to be beneficial for them and they especially highlight practical impact of practice they completed during their studies and which included visits to various relevant institutions.
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Work in social integration process of adults with intellectual disability.
SVITÁKOVÁ, Iveta
In my bachelor thesis, I dealt with the use of work activities in the process of social integration of adults with mental disabilities, the aim was to create, implement and evaluate regular work activities intended to a specific group of adults with mental disability and focused primarily on the development of social integration. The thesis is structured into six chapters. The first of them is focused on the definition of mental disability, characteristic of adulthood as an important developmental period in human life, and on adulthood of individuals with mental disabilities with a goal to find and identify the specifics that were needed to be taken into account when working with this target group of people. The following section is devoted to the social integration, its determinants and the environment in which it operates. I continued with the outputs in the third chapter, where I focused on key competencies, which them are the necessary basis for social integration, especially social and personal skills and communication skills, necessary basis. Targeted professional development can be realized through educational activities, but has to respect the specificities of the participants and voluntary participation. Both of these assumptions can be fulfilled within the leisure education using adequate pedagogical methods. For this reason, I decided to focus my attention on these areas at the end of the chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to work and work activities, namely the definition of concepts, their characteristics and importance and role of work activities in human life, or a person with mental disability. Based on all acquired theoretical knowledge and using previous experience with the target group in the fifth chapter, I designed a specific training program based on the work and activities focused on the development of selected key competences. The educational program volunteered four participants, but I have decided to follow the development of competencies of three participants because one participant attended the program very irregularly. The program has been implemented three times a week, two and a half hours for seven months (from October 2015 to May 2016) in the premises of the training centre Mo-zai-ka. At the beginning of the realisation of the created educational program, the participants agreed that we will adhere and develop good habits necessary for good relations within the group and the results of the work. On a basis of the individual characteristics of the participants, I prepared the work, which should also contribute to the development of social and personal and interpersonal skills. I have continuously monitored and recorded them. During the implementation of the program, I put emphasis on repetition, patient negotiations with participants and creating a friendly atmosphere. After completing the training program, I evaluated the development of competencies in three selected participants. On that basis, I concluded that the biggest change was in the communicative competence. I also experienced a change in social and personal competencies, however, results varied widely among individual participants. Yet, I believe that the goal of the thesis was achieved. These results show that education in leisure time, based on work activities may lead to the development of social and personal and interpersonal skills that are for adults with mental disabilities necessary in the process of social integration. This thesis can be an interesting source of inspiration for the realisation of similar programs aimed at social integration of persons with mental disabilities.
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