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Dědičná onemocnění očí u australských ovčáků
Žaludová, Petra
This thesis focuses eye diseases of Australian Shepherds. Full history of the breed is described, its origins, the most common illnesses and brief characteristics. Selected eye diseases are described along with their symptoms and their impacts on individual subjects, along with their genes and mutations. This thesis also includes available genetic tests that are able to detect high-risk genotypes causing disease.
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Využití botanických druhů rév a jejich kříženců ve šlechtění a zahradnické praxi
Janečka, Vratislav
Grape vine has been associated with the development of human society since ancient times. It was planted by humans near their dwellings as far as thousand years ago. The grape vine has since undergone many transformations and became worldwide spread and major agricultural produce which is grown for wine production, table grapes and decoration purposes. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to gather and summarise available knowledge about the use of botanical species of common grape vine and its hybrids in breeding and gardening practice. The works of czech authors as well as publications of foreign authors were investigated. It bacame apparent from the published works that vine breeding for resistance is a never ending process the aim of which is to select individual plants either resistant to pathogens or those with sufficient hardiness against them. Another difficult task of botanists and vine breeding experts is naming the individual species of grape vine. Countless species were discovered throughout the history however the number of names of species has exceeded the actual number of species multiple times. Nowadays, modern genetic anlyses are being used for species identification which significantly lessens the task of identifying the species. These analyses employ microsatelite markers which are the most commonly used DNA markers today. These analyses were developed over the past 10-15 years.
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Šlechtění révy vinné - historie a vývoj
Oherová, Kristýna
Breeding is a creative activity, to which we owe the development of new varieties. There are various breeding goals, for example resistance to fungal diseases, pests and frost or high quality of wine and grapes. Historically, conventional breeding methods were used first. Molecular genetics has introduced new and more modern findings. Currently the most used and the most advanced methods include the ones using molecular markers. Thanks to these methods it is easier to achieve breeding goals.
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Methods of assesment and treatment of coeliac disease
Valkus, Martin ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with methods of determining and treatment of coeliac disease. In the theoretical part of the work sums up informations about coeliac disease - history, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, immunopathogenesis, possibilities of diagnosis, discusses about gluten-free diet, mentions legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union and compares expensiveness of gluten-free diet and normal diet. The experimental part of this thesis compares PCR, ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence methods for assesment of determination of genetic predisposition and antibodies in coeliac disease (greatest emphasis was placed on the comparison of antibodies against gliadin and deamidated gliadin antibodies in IgA and IgG).
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Use of miniaturized Raman spectrometers under field conditions (sulphates)
Košek, Filip ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Osterrothová, Kateřina (referee)
Sulphates represent apparently an important component of Martian rocks and regolith. Their detection and identification is an integral part of the planned exploration missions, as they provide valuable information about the geological history of the planet. Also they could play a crucial exobiological role related with the possibility of existence of extinct or extant Martian life. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence and the geological situation of sulphates on the surface of Mars. The basic genetic factors responsible for formation of sulphates are introduced in terrestrial and Martian conditions. Furthermore, their significance is explained as indicators of geological factors and their connection with a possible Martian life. The second part presents method of Raman spectroscopy and its application in exobiology. The advantages and limitations of laboratory and portable instruments for analyzes exobiological samples are described. Identification capabilities of this method for determination of sulphates are shown, as well as its use on real locations considered as exobiological analogues. At the end, the current concept of Raman spectrometer for ExoMars rover is introduced. Keywords: Miniaturized Raman spectrometers, field conditions, sulphates
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Role of evolutional mechanisms in designing of acoustic signals
Rulfová, Alena ; Policht, Richard (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Acoustic communication is a wide-spread phenomen in all animal taxones. The theme of evolutional mechanisms and their functioning in acoustic communication has become more and more frequently studied during last years, and geographic variation in acoustic signals has been reported in various taxa such as insect, birds, anurans and mammals. However, some evolutional mechanism still remain poorly understood. The mechanisms comprise mainly stochastics forces such as genetic drift and bottleneck or cultural drift. Genetic drift causes stochastic changes in acoustic signals, whereas bottleneck probably primarily spawns reduction of acoustic variability. Some acoustic parameters are shaped by habitat and others by species' phylogeny. Physical environment and other ecological factors play important role in shaping vocalizations in most species, and thus distantly related populations occupying similar habitats may possess very simmilar vocalization. Because of that, revealing phylogenetic pattern is possible only by careful cladistic analysis of vocal characters in taxa that have simple songs or calls that are not learned, and whose habitat distributions are well understood. By finding the proper acoustic parameters we can also e.g. map connection between acoustic divergence and glaciations, history of colonisation...
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The Youth Opinions towards Violent Crime
PROKOPOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor?s thesis aims to map the opinion of young students in secondary schools on the issue of violent crime, its repression and prevention, and to identify their fear of such crimes. The theory part explains the historical development of repression for specific violent crimes and defines the concept of violent crime and describes concepts associated with this group of crimes. The next chapters deal with criminal aggression, forensic theory of violent crime, its phenomenology, etiology and prevention, sense of security and fear of such criminal offenses. The last chapter describes violent crimes such as murder, robbery, assault and manslaughter as stipulated in the new Criminal Code effective from January 1, 2010. Four hypotheses were stated prior to the research. The first hypothesis suggesting that more than 60% of all respondents consider the number of violent crimes decreasing was invalidated. The second hypothesis affirms that more than 70% of all respondents consider brutality of culprit of violent crimes to be rising. The third hypothesis affirms that more students of an apprentice school would inflict the death penalty for plain murder and deliberate murder after prior consideration than students of a grammar school. The fourth hypothesis suggesting that more than 80% of victims of violent crime within the respondents do not feel safe in their domicile was invalidated. A quantitative research was chosen to collect data. The method used was inquiry and the data collection method was anonymous questionnaire. The respondents were students of an apprentice school and of a grammar school. The sample was determined by quota sampling where the quota consisted in age, sex and type of attended school. The sets were mutually compared. The conclusions of the research indicate that respondents are not enough informed on the issue of violent crime. A certain distortion of data transfer to the public, and the lack of crime prevention, and the dangers of excessive watching of shows and playing video games with violent topics for children were pointed out. Based on these findings, possible solutions of the issue were suggested. The results of this thesis can be used by the police dealing with crime prevention, but also provide advice for parents. They could also be published in some of the forensic or police journals.
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Identification of critical life history stages in the life cycle of endangered species, Dracocephalum austriacum L.
Dostálek, Tomáš
Identification of critical life history stages in the life cycle of endangered species, Dracocephalum austriacum L. In this study I wanted to compare population dynamics of an endangered species, Dracocephalum austriacum L., in two distant regions (the Czech and Slovak Karst). I also wanted to estimate genetic diversity in this species and assess the importance of genetic diversity for population dynamics of this species. The species is one of critically endangered species in the Czech Republic and effective conservation strategies are very needed nowadays. Population dynamics was studied using analysis of population transition matrices from years 2003-2005. For estimating of genetic diversity I used allozyme analysis and analysed 10 variable loci in 4 enzymatic systems. Population growth rates in both regions differ. Czech Karst populations showed higher population growth rates in the second transition interval of the study and Slovak Karst populations in the first transition interval of the study. Population growth rate (λ) for separate years was significantly different from 1 only in two localities (Haknovec in Czech Karst and Domické škrapy in Slovak Karst) during 2003-2005. Analysis of elasticities showed that transitions that most contribute to population growth rate are transitions of stasis. In...
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Forensic ballistics
Hoznour, Ondřej ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Criminalistic ballistics The aim of my thesis is to analyse criminalistic ballistics, which is a technical criminalistic method enabling to convict many offenders. The thesis is composed of five parts, each of them dealing with several aspects of ballistics. The introductory part describes the history of criminalistic ballistics from the end of the eighteenth century to the present. This part deals with the development of criminalistic ballistics not only in the world, but also in the Czech Republic. Part Two explains the concept of criminalistic ballistics and deals with its dividing into four relatively independent areas. These four areas are internal, transient, external and terminal ballistics. The following part concentrates on objects that are explored by criminalistic balllistics. The most imported explored objects are guns, their segments and classification, next it is the ammunition, its segments and types of cartridges followed by subjects which are hit by bullets and last but not least are gunshot residues. Part Four focuses on the origin and occurrence of ballistic traces which are created by particular functional gun's segments during the process of gunshot. This part also deals with searching for carriers of ballistic traces, i.e. bullets, cartridge cases and subjects with traces of...
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