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Foreign direct investments and its Impact on Unemployment – Case Study of Libya
Eldeeb, Osama Ali ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
Developing countries need to develop their economies and one of the most important issues related to this development is capital accumulation. Capital accumulation is no longer an easy task even for developed countries. Developing Countries have many difficulties with income generation and employment creation. There are two ways how to solve such crucial issues, even borrow finance which is expensive way or attract foreign direct investments. The new Libyan government declared its intention to develop the economy and involve it in the international economy in order to reach entire economic development. This thesis examines and explores the Libyan doing business conditions in relation to foreign direct investments in all economic sectors.
The most important task of this thesis is to quantify the inflow of foreign direct investments and its impact on employment in Libya, their impact on economic growth and the impact of foreign direct investments on exports volumes. The thesis will attempt to evaluate the benefits of foreign direct investments to Libyan economy. The research examines whether they bring benefits such as the transfer of know-how, the transfer of new technologies, the introduction of new procedures and the improvement of labor force. In addition the research attempts to evaluate whether Libyan business environment is appropriate to attract foreign direct investments. The thesis conclusions will contain recommendations regarding the implemented policies and procedures which can be beneficial in improving the business environment which enables the attraction of additional foreign direct investments.
The main aim of this thesis is to examine the impact of foreign direct investments on employment in Libya and to fulfill this aim there is a need to identify the main determinants that determine the evolution of employment and jobs creation in Libyan economy. Based on these calculations and conclusions of the research, certain economic measures and recommendations will be suggested. The contribution of the dissertation should therefore be based on econometric techniques that we will be able to discover the scope and potential opportunities for economic and employment policies in Libya.
The study also revealed that there are many challenges facing policy makers in order to reform the business environment to make it more attractive for foreign direct investments.
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Electric Drive Diagnostics and Utilization in Agricultural Machinery
Čedík, Jakub ; Pexa, Martin (advisor) ; Kumhála, František (referee)
This doctoral dissertation thesis deals with rotary mowers, specifically with the issue of mulching.
In the theoretical part the reader is being familiar with the technology of mulching and its importance. Further, the individual types of mulchers and its advantages and disadvantages are described. The literary analysis of energy demands of rotary mowers is stated. Further, the parameters influencing energy demands of the mulcher are also analyzed.
The results of measurement of the energy demands of the mulcher with vertical axis of rotation are presented. The dependency of input power, specific energy consumption and fuel consumption on mass performance of the machine are created. Furthermore, the energy demands was determined, while mulcher was working continuously at the permanent grassland. The energy losses of the mulcher were also analyzed.
The effect of modification of operational and constructional parameters on the energy demands and quality of work of the mulcher wit vertical axis of rotation is studied. From the constructional parameters the shape of working tool, especially cloth angle and rake angle of the tool, and shape of the cover of the mulcher workspace is modified. From the operational parameters the cutting speed and mass performance according to conditions is modified.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Plasmodiophora brassicae on winter rape
Řičařová, Veronika ; Ryšánek, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers. Research on P. brassicae in the Czech Republic is therefore important for the development of effective strategies to manage clubroot under Czech environmental conditions.
One of the aims of this study was monitoring of this pathogen. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Since 2010, oilseed rape clubroot started to spread across the whole country, whereas it had previously only been observed in the northeast. Clubroot occurrence was monitored for five years by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors on the basis of disease symptoms present on oilseed rape fields. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms were reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký Region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested by conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the possibility of their usage. All 14 suspected samples tested positive by PCR.
The next aim was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistants reactions, there was a total of five pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 10 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50%, there were five pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al. and 8 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Pathotypes 7 by Williams was the most frequent in both thresholds. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR.
Experiments with P. brassicae-resistant cultivars of winter oilseed rape were conducted in an infested field and greenhouse. In the greenhouse, six resistant cultivars were grown in infested soil collected from various fields in the Czech Republic and assessed for index of disease (ID %). The best results bring cultivar Mentor (2+- 0.7 %) closely followed by cultivar SY Alister (5+-1.1 %), the highest ID had cultivar CHW 241 (30+-3.8%). In the field experiment, seven resistant cultivars were grown, and disease development was monitored monthly. The lowest index of disease brought cultivar Andromeda (3+- 0.8 %) and PT 235 (4+-1.5 %), the highest ID has cultivar CWH 241(46 +- 6.5 %) in the first season and in the second season any cultivar achieved 25 % ID. Yields were measured at the end of the cropping season. The highest yield was achieved by cultivar SY Alister (6.1 t/ha) in the first season and cultivar PT 242 (5.03 t/ha) in the second season. The inoculum level was measured across the field by (qPCR), and a map of the infestation was created. The highest spore concentration was found on the field entrance. Collectively, the information obtained on the effectiveness of host resistance and pathogenic diversity of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic may help to more effectively manage clubroot in this country.
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Strategy of the Innovations of Vehicle Inspection Emission Stations
Marušková, Helena ; Růžička, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tichá, Ivana (referee)
The doctoral thesis Strategy of the Innovations of Vehicle Inspection Emission Stations is engaged in marketing strategies and innovations of the vehicle inspection emission stations in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is dedicated to the references and describes marketing environment, SWOT analysis, marketing strategies, marketing mix and several "P". It also focuses on the innovation and innovation strategies, the different types of marketing research, the exhaust emissions of combustion engines, the homologation regulations and the periodic emission measurements at the vehicle inspections emission stations in the Czech Republic and in the world. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the current situation and work up a strategy of the innovations of vehicle inspection emission stations.
The practical part is devoted to analysis of the marketing environment (PEST analysis and the microenvironment), from which a SWOT analysis of vehicle inspection emission stations and further describes the individual components of the marketing mix SME. The chapter Marketing research SME is divided into quantitative and qualitative marketing research, which lists the various questions, charts and answers resulting from marketing research. Quantitative research is conducted through a questionnaire survey and qualitative marketing research obtains answers based on structured interviews.
The paper concludes with several suggestions of the innovation, evaluation of research questions and a summary of the individual chapters, which shows that too stringent emission limits will not lead to their real reductions. Regular tests for SMEs are set up properly and does not need to be changed. Creating a central information system (one for both STK and SME) and the implementation of video surveillance - these changes are needed not only for technical inspections stations, but also emission inspection stations. Due to the increasing number and age of vehicles and especially the fact that the current emission tests of vehicles in no-load mode engines are not able to detect all faults, the new methodology of measure emissions is needed.
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Impact of the Regional Labels on Regional Develepment in Vysočina Region
Chalupová, Martina ; Lošťák, Michal (advisor) ; Zagata, Lukáš (referee)
The dissertation thesis is focused on regional food labelling schemes in Vysočina Region and their impact on regional development, from the consumers perspective. Chosen economic and social aspects were analysed: the quality and content of the information on the regional labels in media, preference of regional food among inhabitants of Vysočina Region, their regional food preferences and awareness of regional labels. The research was conducted in two phases. Content analysis of media aimed to analyse media presence and occurance of the characteristics attached to each regional label: VYSOČINA Regional Product and Regional Food Vysočina Region. The other research had quantitative design and aimed to determine level of awareness of the labels among Vysočina inhabitants. To test the ability of respondents from Vysočina Region to recognise and differentiate the labels, the author created non existent label From Our Region Vysočina. Media analysis of the Vysočina regional labels revealed that media may help build awareness about the labels as they have been informing about them continuously, but they emphasise that these labels signal above all quality and origin, diminishing special connection with the region and its tradition. The research of regional labels awareness showed that respondents do not pay attention to the labels as almost 24% of 819 respondents claimed they had already seen non-existent label. This could be a viewed as a sign of the food labels inflation with their rising number and very low differentiation it is impossible for the conumers to differentiate them and also that people do not pay attention to them. Further analysis confirmed that respondents preferences and views on the regional labels from the Vysočina districts differ.
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Influence of Customers Involvement on Brand Loyalty
Vebrová, Tereza ; Hron, Jan (advisor) ; Rojík, Stanislav (referee)
The dissertation thesis focuses on identifying relationship between brand loyalty and customer
product involvement. The main goal is to find out whether customer product involvement has
a positive effect on brand loyalty. In the theoretical basis are defined the main terms of brand
loyalty and customer product involvement and are discussed various approaches of authors who
examined the issue. The own research follows after the theoretical part whose primary data was
collected by using an electronic questionnaire. The research was applied to the area of
telecommunication services in the Czech Republic. On the basis of factor analyses were
evaluated factors a web-based brand loyalty and customer product involvement with these
factors were then made cluster analyses to find customers segments. Using correlation analyses
were determined the effects of sociodemographic variables on brand loyalty and customer
product involvement. At the same time it was also found the relationship between brand loyalty
and customer product involvement. The research results are used for the development of the
discipline, are discussed in the context of previous studies and are described in terms of
theoretical and practical use.
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Socially Excluded Localities and Their Revitalization. Case Study: Ústecký Region.
Zoubková, Věra Thea ; Maier, Karel (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The dissertation deals with the incidence and revitalization of socially excluded localities in a defined study area. The aim of this contribution is to identify and visualize the situation of the Ústecký Region in order to find common patterns of urban deprivation occurrence and to establish the guiding principles of revitalization policies in the Czech Republic. The research took place from September 2010 to June 2015. It combined qualitative and quantitative methods, in-situ and desk research. An analysis of primary and secondary data revealed 130 excluded localities in 42 towns and cities out of 354 in the region. The majority of deprived localities (87 %) can be found in highly urbanized areas. Two thirds of localities are small areas with up to 100 inhabitants. Socially excluded areas emerge in the centre, residential districts as well as on the outskirts of towns; however, three fifths of localities are not spatially segregated. Prefabricated housing estates are the largest and most populated deprived areas. Every other inhabitant of socially excluded localities in the Region lives in a prefabricated house. Brick houses are the most proliferated type of housing facility used as accommodation for socially excluded people. They can be found in every other deprived area. Vast majority of them was built before 1989. Family houses are deprived very scarcely; however, they belong to the most dilapidated part of socially excluded housing estate. Two thirds of localities have developed naturally, while the other third has been created by a regulated relocation of socially excluded people. Vast majority of deprived areas have existed for more than 5 years. Private property prevails. Half of the localities have entered the process of revitalization to improve the urban environment, human resources and security. Applied policies aim to keep the inhabitants in place and improve the quality of public space and service. However, involvement of residents in local regeneration policymaking is weak and ineffective. The renewal process depends on grants and subsidies. Europeanization is strong especially in big cities; nevertheless, most localities are small and therefore don't qualify for the sources of the built environment programs which prefer large areas of intervention. Results of revitalization process differ from one locality to another. Areas of housing and employment fall behind in particular. As far as property regeneration is concerned, the best owners are municipalities, house unit owners associations and housing associations. Not in one case, however, reaches the share of regenerated housing units 50 % of deprived properties. In any case, the market prices of local flats stay low compared with those of correspondingly equipped properties elsewhere in town.
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Sorting of waste at primary school
Šimandlová, Magdalena ; Mikulová, Vlastimila (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
ABSTRACT
This thesis deals with the possibilities of municipal waste separation and the importance of education and awareness at the primary school level. The review part is generally focused on municipal waste issues, basic terms, methods of separation and recycling. In the next part there are the possibilities of elementary schools to participate in programmess with environmental topics, especially with the eventuality of systematic separation of waste within the classroom. It assesses the potential to create internal programmes and involvement in external ones. In the practical part the method of questionnaire survey at a primary school in Chodov near Karlovy Vary is employed. The research was applied there and it aims to determine the influence of education on the attitude of respondents, elementary school pupils. The comparison of the situation before and after completing the educational program of the company EKOKOM Tonda package on the road was carried out. The benefit is the analysis of pupils' awareness accomplished by the comparison of both questionnaires and specific verification of positive impact on the pupils approach to waste separation thanks to the awareness. One part of the thesis is to build an EVVO plan at the selected elementary school together with events focused on waste management.
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Stress and its impact on a performance at work
Kronbergová, Lucie ; Michálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Luhanová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on stress and its influence on work performance of employees from two selected fields of work. Aim of this thesis is to determine how stress affects employees with different job and how does it influence their work efficiency. Thesis is split in two parts.
Theoretical part is based on studies from professional publications, where it defines the characteristics of stress and concepts that are connected to stress.
Empirical part is focused on research of stress affecting different groups of respondents: Tesco manual workers and Česká spořitelna administrative employees. This research was conducted via questionnaires and its results were processed by corresponding statistical methods. The results of this research are summarized at the end of this thesis.
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