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Anthropogenic pollutioin of the Elbe River sediments
Haismanová, Pavla ; Chalupová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Bernsteinová, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on contamination of sediments in fluvial lakes of the Elbe river. The research was conducted in Kluk Lake near Poděbrady which has been artificially isolated from the river and its connection to the Elbe is now limited. The thesis concentrates on chemical composition of old sediments in vertical profile which documents an old anthropogenic pollution of Elbe's floodplain. The individual layers of sediment were analyzed separately. Besides grain size, the research also determined concentration of heavy metals and arsenic (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The sediment samples taken near the river contained higher content of elements compared to the more distant sampling site. This finding points out to the various distribution of elements and different settling velocity in the lake. Application of the geoaccumulation index showed that the sediments were very strongly polluted by silver and moderately to strongly polluted by arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc. Last, the sediments were unpolluted to moderately polluted by cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese and nickel. According to the methodology of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (MKOL), the concentrations of silver, mercury, nickel and lead exceeded the upper limit value. Finally,...
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Contamination of floodplain of the Ploucnice by heavy metals: relation to its architecture
Hošek, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Kříbek, Bohdan (referee)
Summary: This thesis is focused on mapping of contaminants released into the environment probably due to uranium mining. These chemical contaminants are used to reconstruct the sedimentary processes. The aim of the thesis was both the geochemical assessment of the situation in the catchment area of the Ploucnice River in Boreček using the flood sediments from the research points as sedimentary archives pollution for last decades. With depth profiles, gamma wire log, XRF and enrichment factors (LEF), we have tried to perform chemostratigraphic correlation of the sediments. As target elements U, Ba, Zn and Ni were chosen, whose concentrations are related to the grain size of the sediment. Furthermore, the theory of secondary pollution is developed.
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Geochemical and isotopic dating of floodplain sediments
Nováková, Tereza ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Rohovec, Jan (referee)
River systems are the most widespread sedimentary environment in many European countries and can be hence used for study of historical development of contamination and for evaluation of the anthropogenic impact influence at the local or regional level. The study of river sediments, however, is complicated by changes of channel morphology and sedimentation dynamics and redeposition of old sediments, whether caused naturally (flood events) or by human impact (land use changes or building of water management structures), which leads to deposition of various sedimentary facies. Identification of sedimentary facies within floodplain fill is hence necessary - character (lithology) of deposited facies influences the spatial distribution of pollutants within floodplains. Suitable sampling sites strategy and chemostratigraphic correlations of depth profiles guarantee a correct interpretation of obtained data. However, in many countries, there are still no legislative tools or universal methodology for contamination assessment respecting natural variability of sedimentary records. Regional contamination during the last centuries and identification of local pollution sources of risk elements (Pb , Zn , Cu , ...) and magnetic particles have been studied in the sediments of the Morava River, in the area between...
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Contamination of foodplain of the Ploučnice river by heavy metals: relation to its architecture
Hošek, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Kříbek, Bohdan (referee)
Summary: This thesis is focused on mapping of contaminants released into the environment probably due to uranium mining. These chemical contaminants are used to reconstruct the sedimentary processes. In the thesis we evaluate geochemical situation in the catchment area in the locality Borecek (part of the municipality Ralsko) using the overbank sediments as sedimentary archives of pollution during the last decades by elements U, Ba, Zn, Ni and 226 Ra. A map of aerial survey of gamma activity was used to select the area of interest, for more accurate localisation we used a surface gamma spectrometry. On Borecek we retrieved ten depth profiles of alluvial sediments (up to 230 cm) and one in Mimon, all samples were subjected to X-ray fluorescence spectral analysis (XRF), across the floodplain we performed gamma wire logs. For interpretations of floodplains architecture electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used and selected profiles were analysed for the activity of 226 Ra and 210 Pb. Interrelation of 226 Ra and Ba proved that radiobarite is the main source of the gamma activity. 210 Pb / 226 Ra ratio was used as sediment age indicator. With enrichment factor (LEF), we performed chemostratigraphic correlation of the sediments, for that the concentration of the target elements is corrected for varying...
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Monitoring of water quality in protected landscape area streams - Křivoklátsko
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Riesová, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring of surface water quality in CHKO Křivoklátsko. The main purpose of monitoring is to obtain information about a state of flow and development during the previous period and to determine the pollution stage according to relevant standards. The theoretical part describes the basic information about the locality where they come from water samples and basic characteristics of sets of parameters. This section also includes theoretical assesment of sediment. The experimental part shows the practical determinates of each parameter, with the calculation of the quantities present and physical indicators. This section is followed by evaluation of measurement results, which are arranged in tables, including readings of all required parameters. The paper concludes an assessment of the monitoring of quality and compare the current state compared with the previous reporting period at each sampling point. Key words: chemical composition of water, water quality, sediments
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Sediment deposition in reservoir of Nové Heřminovy dam
Kammermayer, Jan ; Šedivý, Jiří (referee) ; Zachoval, Zbyněk (advisor)
The thesis deals with silting of water reservoir Nové Heřminovy. There's describe design of artificial traffic and evaluate its effectiveness. To determine the flow of sediment into the reservoir with use a partially calibrated one-dimensional numerical model of sediment transport with deformation of bed is made in software HEC-RAS. Silting reservoirs is assessment with two methods, the results are compared and describes their limitations. Reservoirs silting evaluates through volume changes in reservoir storage in time.
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Revitalization of Jankovice stream
Mládek, Tomáš ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Veselý, Jaroslav (advisor)
The final thesis is focused on assessing the current state of hydrological system in the watershed area Jankovice stream and on draft proposal of food protection measures of the village Jankovice. In the first part of the thesis, there is documented the current situation Jankovice stream, its appreciation and draft measures for a improvement the current state. In the following part, there is the elaboration of the sediment transport balance in the stream. In the last part of the final thesis, there is documented the current state Jankovice stream in the village Jankovice and the stream regulation is designed for the purpose of flood protection of the village.
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Specification of the movement of sediments in the selected section of the flow in the vicinity of the polder Žichlínek
Kaizar, Jan ; Půža, Pavel (referee) ; Veselý, Jaroslav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis defines sediment transport in selected section of Moravská Sázava river, and Ostrovský potok stream in the area of Žichlínek detention basin. The first part of the thesis focuses on documentation of the current situation of the selected area. Following part deals with granulometric analysis of taken samples and their assessment. Next part is dedicated to calculation of the amount of the sediment, and suspended solids in the studied watercourses. The final part of the thesis describes as the sediment transport impacts on both the stream bed clogging, and the passage of a flood wave through the area.
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