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Studium a vývoj polymer-cementových kompozitů s důrazem na vysoký obsah druhotných surovin a kompenzaci objemových změn
Hermann, Radek ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee) ; Reitermann, Pavel (referee) ; Kolísko, Jiří (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Reducing of humanity's carbon footprint is currently one of the main directions of global research. Another significant problem is the disposal, recycling and secondary use of waste materials produced from a wide range of industries and municipal waste. This thesis deals with the problematics of polymer-cement composites, which are most often used for rehabilitation, reprofiling and structural repairs, especially of concrete structures. The thesis examines and verifies the possibilities of utilization of a large amount of secondary raw materials and waste as a substitute for cement as a primary binder. At the same time, the work deals with the full replacement of the primary filler with waste raw materials, for which there is currently no other use. The work also addresses and verifies the influence of several commonly available commercial polymer dispersions. The work deals with the use of liquid, but also powdered polymeric additives of various bases. The work also deals with the problematics of volume changes of the hydration process of polymer-cement composites and the effect of volume changes on the physical-mechanical properties of composites. The influence of volume changes that occur during the hydration of polymer-cement composites is a significant criterion in the selection and use of these composites. The volume changes of the material have a great influence especially on the maximum layer thickness and the maximum area that can be repaired with the material without the risk of cracks and the need to create a working joint. The results of this work are associated with a reduction in the economic and environmental impacts of production and use of polymer-cement building materials and increase the usability of these materials mainly due to the possibility of remediation of larger areas than previously possible.
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Development of chemically resistant tile grout containing secondary raw materials
Matušková, Veronika ; Seidlová,, Michaela (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis is development and research of a high-quality polymeric jointing grout material using secondary raw materials and hazardous waste for extreme chemical exposure. The main intended use of the developed grout joint is grouting of the cast basalt elements in building objects that are permanently expose to highly aggressive chemical environment. The use of input materials produced by progressive technologies should be another benefit of this grout joint to enhance ecological aspects of a grout joint production.
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Development of masonry systeme for simple construction of internal masonry structures
Lidmilová, Klára ; Dobiáš,, Jiří (referee) ; Zach, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the development of a new masonry system, for the production of which recycled brick could be used as a secondary raw material. In the field of literary research, the work deals with the methods of construction of vertical structures, the possibilities of lightening concrete, the life cycle of building materials and the use of secondary raw materials in construction. In the practical part, a masonry system was designed based on market research in the field of internal non-load-bearing masonry structures and requirements for these structures. In order to achieve these properties, concrete was chosen as the material for its production, where recycled brick was used as an alternative aggregate. As it is supposed to be a system for precise masonry, the material was compacted by vibrocompression. At the beginning, recipes were designed to verify the basic properties of concrete: density of hardened concrete, compressive strength and tensile bending strength, then other properties such as thermal conductivity and sound absorption coefficient were tested on improved recipes. Lightening and dimensional modules have been modified to achieve optimal properties. This was followed by a proposal for the method of masonry and surface treatment of a wall. Finally, the economic and environmental aspects of the masonry system were evaluated.
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Advanced material based on secondary raw materials for construction of subgrade layer
Hrubý, Jakub ; Luňáček,, Martin (referee) ; Černý, Vít (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the development of a new material for the establishment of a layer of the ground body of a railway undercarriage purely on the basis of secondary raw materials. The theoretical part presents the characteristics of structural layers, materials used for bonded substrates, including their requirements. The following are the general conditions for the creation of base layers from purely secondary raw materials and previous experience with the issue. The introduction of the experimental part of the thesis sets out the basic parameters of secondary raw materials (construction recyclates, waste from railway bed cleaning, dust from cement plant) and energy by-products (fly ash, coal slag and municipal waste incinerator), which together form the raw material base. Grain size, absorbency, moisture, bulk density, chemical analysis and pollutant content were determined on the raw materials. Bulk densities and compressive strengths of the bonded mixtures were determined. The optimum humidity of all mixtures was determined by the Proctor standard test. Experimental verification was performed on testing of bonded mixtures in order to verify the effect of cement dose, when the original dose of 8% was optimized for construction recycled and slag from municipal waste incinerator to 4%, due to high strengths ranging from 4.5 to 6.0 MPa. Further optimization also included the addition of an energy by-product in a proportion of 10% of the weight of the secondary raw material. At the end of the experimental part, two optimal recipes were selected (recycled concrete with 4% cement and 10% fluid fly ash; slag from a municipal waste incinerator with 3% cement and 10% fluid fly ash), which underwent advanced testing in the form of frost resistance and resistance to water and a functional sample was designed. The final functional sample is recycled concrete with cement and 10% addition of fluid fly ash, which is suitable for core layers without frost loading.
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New possibilities of using secondary raw materials for the renewal of the railway substructure
Buřičová, Karolína ; Luňáček,, Martin (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
The work is devoted to new possibilities for the recovery of secondary raw materials and track bed waste with a combination of both suitable and unsuitable soils. The aim of the thesis is to develop a new functional sample suitable for the recovery of a substructure of railways based on secondary raw materials. The theoretical part addresses the issue of the use of soil and secondary raw materials as the base layers of railway structures, and is focused on the possibilities of soil adjustments or enhancement. The practical part is focused on the analysis and selection of potentially suitable raw materials, the design of new raw material mixtures containing concrete recyclables, waste from cleaning the auto mixer and waste from cleaning the rail bed. Further, to modify the mixtures designed with fluid ash from biomass combustion to achieve higher toughness. Then they will be experimentally verified and based on the results the optimal formula for use in the solid of the railway bottom will be determined. Final optimal recipe achieving basic required parameters for use in active zone without the requirement for frost resistance and ecology is composed of 30 % of F4-CS, 4 % of portland cement CEM II-B/LL, 3 % of lime hydrate, 70 % of recycled concrete and 10 % of fluid ash from biomass combustion.
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Development of a New Repair Mortar Using Secondary Raw Materials
Figala, Petr
This paper deals with the research of a new repair mortar modified with secondary raw materials. The aim of the work is to develop a material characterized by chemical resistance suitable for the rehabilitation of sewer concrete structures. Resistance to aggressive sulphate solution and to attack by sulfuric acid was chosen as the key parameters for the choose of a final mixture. Chemical resistance was tested by simulating the exposure environment in laboratory conditions, according to the methodology of DIN 19573. The obtained results show that by suitable modification of the reference mortar it is possible to maintain the values of physical-mechanical characteristics and improve the chemical resistance of test samples. The final mixture will be further tested in field conditions.
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Economic aspects of environmental use of building materials based on secondary raw materials.
Ťažký, Tomáš ; Durica,, Tibor (referee) ; Sedlmajer, Martin (referee) ; Nosek,, Karel (referee) ; Kulísek, Karel (advisor)
The disses thesis is focused on usage of secondary raw materials from the electric power industry, specifically fly ash as a component for the building industry, concentrated on concrete. Two main streams are covered, environmental and economical. Reasons, which led to focus on the selected subject are coming mainly from the scarcity and availability of high-quality mineral resources, environmental pressure for usage of industry byproduct, reducing emissions and economical pressure to reduce production cost, especially raw materials. The main purpose of the work was to verify the possibility of increasing the usability of fly ash as a mineral additive in the technology of concrete production with materials retrieved from coal fired power plants and applying mechanical activation of fly ash. The main goal of the experimental part of work was to demonstrate improvement of fresh and hardened concrete properties as a main condition to support economic efficiency of mechanical activated fly ash. Base on previous facts the methodology was covering two main areas, the experimental and the assessment. Relatively large sets of tests were performed, using a wide range of tested high temperature fly ash and fluidized bed combustion fly ash granulometrically treated, by mixing and grinding. Results of the testing confirmed focused parameters for concrete and mortar mechanical properties, total economical efficiency of the targeted solution and the subject of the dissertation. In the experiment section has been retrieved valuable findings contributing to the overall knowledge of the faculty, also for the practical application. The results of the tests confirmed the achievement of the planned target parameters, both in terms of physical and mechanical properties of experienced mortars and concretes, as well as the overall economic efficiency of the proposed design and the topic of the disses thesis. Within the experimental work, valuable professional knowledge and benefits w
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Circular economy in the Czech surroundings - experience of companies and the view of experts
Leová, Leona ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Milerová Prášková, Dagmar (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the concept of circular economy (hereinafter CE) and its application in several Czech and one multinational company. On these specific examples of companies, the work shows how circularity is achieved, with all the essentials of this fact, what support for the concept is offered in the Czech Republic and, last but not least, what obstacles and problems the companies face. Along with this practical experience, opinions by theoretical experts who deal with the issue in their profession are further examined. The aim of the work was to map the matter of use of secondary raw materials and other principles of CE in both practical and theoretical spheres of knowledge, and where possible, to compare these two views. Furthermore, the work focuses on the benefits of real use of the principles of CE in the Czech conditions from an environmental point of view. In its theoretical part, it first addresses the issue of waste in general, especially from the perspective of a global problem. It presents the development, current situation and forecast of the size of waste generation, including its impacts. Furthermore, it has introduced the concept of CE, its various concepts and definitions, together with the main principles. Subsequently, it presents the real adoption of the concept by...
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Environmental Protection Legislation and The Possibility of Using Waste as a Secondary Raw Material With a Focus on the Recycling of PET Bottles
Hejl, Martin ; Pavláková Dočekalová, Marie (referee) ; Kocmanová, Alena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze the recycling of plastics and the analysis of the recycling process of PET bottles in the company PETKA CZ, a.s. In the last analysis of the work influencing the ways to obtain input material for the production of recycling from PET bottles, management of plastic waste, proposals for improving the production of this company and at the same time the possibilities of reducing waste in the production of recycling. Furthermore, this work describes the legislative regulation of environmental protection, general principles of recycling, how to recycle the company PETKA CZ, a.s. It currently determines and at the same time how we could recycle this to use in the future.
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Development of new grouting materials for reverse grouting of sewers
Dolák, Martin ; Dohnálek,, Pavel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the development of silicate based reverse grouts for the purpose of rehabilitation of sewers. The work also examines the possibility of substitution of basic input raw materials with secondary raw materials, meaning replacements of both filler components and binder components. As secondary raw materials, we refer to wastes from the production process which, after the necessary treatment, are used in another production. The development and experimental verification of the functionality of the developed grout was focused mainly on the use of secondary raw materials as much as possible, while maintaining or even improving its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the results of the work, it can be stated that with a 100% replacement rate of filler components in combination with 20% replacement rate of binder components, it is possible to largely maintain the properties of the material, or even optimize them. The results of the thesis also point to the possibility of reducing the economic and environmental demands of production of building materials.
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