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Immunological causes of female infertility
Bajerová, Kateřina ; Brynychová, Iva (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
Currently, up to 15 % of reproductive age couples struggle with infertility. Female infertility is the cause of conception issues in nearly 40 % of these cases. The origin of female infertility consists of wide range of causes and other factors. Immunological causes are certainly one of the most significant ones. In pathological conditions, defense mechanisms of female immune system can target alloantigens presented on sperm surface. Moreover, autoimmune response and antibody production can occur as well. Antibodies can target various parts of ovarian follicles and oocytes, phospholipids, nuclear antigens, enzymes etc. These antibodies can inhibit fertilization, maturation of oocytes and embryo, embryo implantation, and also recurrent miscarriages. The aim of this thesis is to summarize various causes of female infertility focusing on immunological pathologies. The thesis also describes functioning of immune mechanisms in the female reproductive tract and briefly touches on oogenesis and female hormonal cycle.
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Examination of microdeletion of chromosome Y in male infertile couples
VELÍŠKOVÁ, Taťána
In the last time the most popular topic has becouse infertility. The fertility of men is reduced every year. The cause may be wrong way of living, smoking, use of alcohol and drugs. In addition to can be chemical substances that enter the food and water. Next group of male infertility factors are the effects that lead to warning up the testicles. Optimal temperature is about 32 st. Celsius. People who are wearing tight clothes and have sitting job are proven to be fruitful. In the microdeletion chromosome Y, a long Y chromosome arm is examined on the AZF locus where the AZF, AZFb, AZFc regions are examined. Deletions in these positions are responsible for the failure of sperm formation and maturation and are portable to male offspring. Oligospermia or azoospermia may occur due to the absence of any of the AZFs. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to optimize the multiplex PCR method for the microdeletions in the azoospermic region of the chromosome Y (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc) and to evaluate the acquired data. In theoretical part are characterized diseases relacted to infertility man, for example azoospermic factor, Klinefelter's or Kallman syndrome. In practical part was examined from the scalp of the buccal mucosa 14 sample obtained from the man. All samples was negative, so every men were fruitful with suspicion of one infertile men.
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Pregnancy in women with assisted reproduction.
NĚMCOVÁ, Sabina
Bachelor thesis deals with pregnancy in women with assisted reproduction. The topic of the bachelor's thesis is up-to-date because every year there is an increase in the number of infertile couples and thus higher attendance of infertility centers. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part we will deal with infertility in women and infertility in men. In the following chapters, we focused on assisted reproduction and assisted reproduction types. Last but not least, we will address the risks associated with assisted reproduction and ethics. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find the attitudes of midwives to assisted reproduction. To this end, research questions have been developed: 1. How midwives perceive assisted reproduction? 2. How do midwives approach the care of a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction? The research was conducted in March and April in 2017. The qualitative research was carried out by a semi-structured interview with midwives. The interviews were conducted with nine midwives who work on a nursing unit at risk of pregnancy. Midwives were aged 27-54 years old. Respondents interviewed work in Ceske Budejovice, Prague, Ostrava and Brno. The survey was conducted with respondents on the basis of their consent to the signing "Request for Co-operation Agreement". This request to midwives guarantees anonymity and treatment of information obtained according to ethical standards. At the beginning of the interview, we obtained the respondent identification data. During the interview, respondents were asked about assisted reproduction issues. Specifically, the complications of assisted reproduction, assisted reproduction methods, midwifery attitudes to assisted reproduction and obstetricians' opinions on embryo reduction. A midwife interview led to the care of a woman with assisted reproduction and the care of women with OHSS. The opinions of midwives on the changing needs of women for assisted reproduction were also examined. The interviews were recorded on an audio device throughout. The conversations were subsequently overwritten and analyzed by the dyeing method in the text. Based on the analyzes obtained, two main categories and their sub-categories were identified. The first main category Assisted Reproduction is divided into three subcategories called Methods, Complications, and Attitudes of Midwives to the AR. The second main category is nursing care, which is divided into three subcategories called Specifics in Care of AR, Women's Awareness and Changed Needs. Midwives often encounter assisted reproduction and perceive it positively. Midwives who have personal experience with assisted reproduction perceive it better than midwives who have encountered this problem only in their practice. Midwives have found that women have altered needs after assisted reproduction, especially a sense of security and safety. The research has shown that midwives are aware of the risks associated with assisted reproduction and are partly aware of the care of women after the AR. Respondents also think that women are well informed about AR issues after assisted reproduction. A research survey has shown that each midwife is a personality and can perceive the issue of assisted reproduction differently. The result of this bachelor's thesis can be presented at expert conferences or published in professional journals.
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Uterus transplantation as a path to motherhood
Hlaváčová, Žaneta ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Hasmanová Marhánková, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis describes relatively new method of assisted reproduction. Uterus transplantation is viewed from feminist perspective, and its potential benefits and risks in wider ethical and social contexts on theoretical level are being considered. It reveals how womanhood and motherhood are constructed in different discourses in context of uterine transplantation through critical reading and thinking. By using of critical discourse analysis I focus on texts produced on this subject in the popular and professional discourse and reveal what kind of gender stereotypes and constructs they are using to support their arguments. These areas of our everyday lives have great power in society and influence the way we perceive and construct reality and thus participate in its creation. Key words: Uterus transplantation, infertility, motherhood, reproductive technology, gender roles
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Role of midwife in the care of pregnant woman after asisted reproduction
NĚMCOVÁ, Sabina
Bachelor thesis deals with the role of midwife in the care of a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction. The topic of assisted reproduction is nowadays very discussed, because the number of infertile couples increases, thus there is also a higher attendance of infertility centres. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part I dealt with female infertility and male infertility. In the following chapters, I focused on assisted reproduction and its types. Last but not least, I dealt with the risks associated with assisted reproduction and its ethics. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out the attitudes of midwives towards assisted reproduction. To fulfil this aim, following research questions were developed: 1. How do midwives perceive assisted reproduction? 2. How do midwives approach the care for a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction? The research was conducted in March and April 2017. The qualitative research was carried out by means of semi-structured interview with midwives and unqualified public. The interviews were conducted with nine midwives who work at a nursing unit of risk pregnancy. The other respondents were four men and four women without professional education. Respondents were aged 27-54 years. Interviewed respondents work in Budweis, Prague, Ostrava and Brno. The research was conducted with respondents on the basis of their consent, by signing "Request for Co-operation Agreement". This request guarantees the midwives their anonymity and also handling the obtained information according to ethical standards. At the beginning of the interview, respondent's identification data were obtained. During the interview, respondents were asked about assisted reproduction issues. Specifically, the complications of assisted reproduction, assisted reproduction methods, midwives' attitudes to assisted reproduction and their opinions on embryo reduction. The interviews then led to the topic of care for a woman after an assisted reproduction and the care for women with OHSS. The opinions of midwives on the awareness of women and changing needs of women after assisted reproduction were also examined. The interviews were recorded on an audio device throughout their whole duration. The conversations were subsequently rewritten and analysed by the method of highlighting in the text. Based on the analyses obtained, two main categories and their sub-categories were set. The first main category Assisted reproduction was divided into three subcategories called Methods of assisted reproduction, Complications of assisted reproductions, and Attitudes of midwives towards the AR. The second main category Nursing care for a woman after AR was divided into three subcategories called Specifics in care for women after AR, Providing information for women after AR and Changed needs of women after AR.Midwives encounter assisted reproduction relatively often and perceive it positively. Midwives, who have personal experience with assisted reproduction (either by themselves, or friends, family), perceive it better than midwives who have encountered this problem only in their practice. Women who underwent AR are better acquainted with this issue than PA. On the contrary, men do not deal with assisted reproduction issues. Interviewed midwives have found out that women have altered needs after assisted reproduction, especially a sense of security and safety.. The research has shown that midwives are aware of the risks associated with assisted reproduction and are partly aware of the care for women after the AR. Respondents also think that women are well informed about AR issues after assisted reproduction.A research survey has shown that each midwife is a personality and can perceive the issue of assisted reproduction differently. Furthermore, from the research occurred, that women after AR tend more often to have complications throughout their pregnancy
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Womb for rent as a new reproductive technology in the Czech Republic
Kozlovská, Tereza ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Samec, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the practice of surrogate motherhood in the Czech Republic, often labelled as "a womb renting". The aim of the thesis is to get a more in-depth insight into the given issue and to find out whether and how surrogate motherhood is practiced in our country due to the lack of research on this issue in the Czech context. The thesis is divided into four parts and the theoretical part introduces the theory of new reproductive technologies and related key concepts from the anthropology of kinship and human reproduction. The methodological part is a description of research, methods used and data collection. The research included an analysis of online discussions and interviews with seven informants that were conducted by various methods relative to the subject's sensitivity. The analytical part is divided into five parts that reflect the key parts of the process of surrogate motherhood, namely naming, searching, medical procedures, relationships and finance. The research shows the importance of reproductive history of surrogate mothers, which influences the process of the substitute motherhood from the very beginning. The experience of informants takes place mainly at health facilities in Brno, Prague or Zlín, others are not much talked about. In Czech context, an acceptable...
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Question rights of the child in the context of the current methods of assisted reproduction
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Martina
This thesis is aimed at the darker sides of assisted reproduction and it urges us to consider difficult questions related to the value of human life and human dignity. These two mentioned values are the methods of assisted reproduction. Scientific progress in the field of medical science evokes a lot of ethical, social and legal questions.The goal of the thesis is to identify and analyse ethical prolems of assisted reroduction and to present each solution to an ethical decision. The thesis is integral to my own wellfounded way of solution to the chosen ethical problems. This thesis deals with issues of social functioning of infertile couples and social consultancy.
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Influence of latent toxoplasmosis on human fertility
Hlaváčová, Jana ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Calda, Pavel (referee)
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasitic protozoa in humans in developed countries. It has a wide range of hosts including various warm-blooded animals and humans. Recent studies suggest that it could influence the fertility of humans. The aim of this work was to find out, what is the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in groups of women and men with fertility problems and whether Toxoplasma gondii has an effect on specific fertility parameters. In women, Significant positive correlation between toxoplasmosis and the percentage of oocytes in the follicles was found among women. Group of men with semen pathology diagnosis revealed a statistically significant negative association between toxoplasmosis and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm. It seems that latent toxoplasmosis in men can also worsen the negative effect of tobacco smoking on fertility. The impairment of fertility in men could be the result of the manipulation activity of Toxoplasma gondii, which leads to more frequent sexual intercourse due to decreased ability to conceive. This could increase the likelihood of sexual transmission, which is currently suggested as one of the possible ways of transmission of toxoplasmosis.
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